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[Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]RURAMEN / CERES [TR2_IRSTEA]RURAMEN / AMANDE [Coll_IRSTEA]Life project Petrignano - LIFE 00 ENV/IT/0019/Petrignano | Extrait de document | This paper deals with the work perfored with the project: Systems approach to environmentally acceptable farming AgriBMPWater. The main objective of the project has been to provide planners in charge of the implementation of BMPs to mitigate non point source pollution in water with: 1) A guideline allowing the definition of critical areas on which efforts should be placed in priority. 2) A selection grid permitting the assessment of BMPs in a three-dimensional space defined by environmental effectiveness, associated economics costs and social acceptability by farmers and land managers.

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[Departement_IRSTEA]MA [TR1_IRSTEA]QSA / EXPER | International audience | The objective of laboratory sediment bioassays is to estimate in situ toxicity. This goal is difficult to achieve, one of the main limitations of sediment toxicity tests being the disruption of sediment geochemistry during sampling, handling and preservation. The effects of storage on the estimation of marine sediment toxicity to Crassostrea gigas embryos and larvae were investigated. Three storage methods and four storage periods were compared with three different sediment types contaminated by heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and both contaminants. Freezing and freeze-drying considerably increased the toxicity of decanted sediments and their elutriates as compared to the toxicity obtained with fresh sediments. Concerning the elutriates, the toxicity found with frozen and freeze-dried sediments was correlated with DOC, ammonia and PAH contents. However, the toxicity of fresh sediments kept at 4°C increased with increasing duration of storage and was also correlated with the amount of ammonia in the elutriates.

41 ref. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.023 | International audience | Metal distribution patterns in superficial soil horizons of agricultural land affected by metallurgical point-source pollution were studied using optical and electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation and spectroscopy analyses. The site is located in northern France, at the center of a former entry lane to a bunker of World War II, temporarily paved with coarse industrial waste fragments and removed at the end of the war. Thin sections made from undisturbed soil samples from A and B horizons were studied. Optical microscopy revealed the occurrence of yellow micrometer-sized (Ap horizon) and red decamicrometer-sized spherulites (AB, B1g horizons) as well as distinct distribution patterns. The chemical composition of the spherulites was dominated by Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ca, and P. Comparison of calculated Zn stocks, both in the groundmass and in spherulites, showed a quasi-exclusive Zn accumulation in these neoformed features. Their formation was related to several factors: (i) liberation of metal elements due to weathering of waste products, (ii) Ca and P supply from fertilizing practices, (iii) co-precipitation of metal elements and Ca and P in a porous soil environment, after slow exudation of a supersaturated soil solution in more confined mineral media.

*INRA Erist Bordeaux Diffusion du document : INRA Erist Bordeaux | International audience

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