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Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites Texte intégral
2015
Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Chagnon, M. | Downs, C. | Furlan, L. | Gibbons, D.W. | Giorio, C. | Girolami, V. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | Long, E. | McField, M. | Mineau, P. | Mitchell, E.A.D. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Pisa, L | Settele, J. | Stark, J. D. | Tapparo, A. | Van Dyck, H. | van Praagh, J.P. | Van der Sluijs, J. P. | Whitehorn, P.R. | Wiemers, M.
Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites Texte intégral
2015
Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Chagnon, M. | Downs, C. | Furlan, L. | Gibbons, D.W. | Giorio, C. | Girolami, V. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | Long, E. | McField, M. | Mineau, P. | Mitchell, E.A.D. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Pisa, L | Settele, J. | Stark, J. D. | Tapparo, A. | Van Dyck, H. | van Praagh, J.P. | Van der Sluijs, J. P. | Whitehorn, P.R. | Wiemers, M.
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits),veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initialsuccess of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. Awide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neuronsleading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites Texte intégral
2015
Simon-Delso, N. | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, L. P. | Bonmatin, J. M. | Chagnon, M. | Downs, C. | Furlan, L. | Gibbons, D. W. | Giorio, C. | Girolami, V. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D. P. | Krupke, C. H. | Liess, M. | Long, E. | McField, M. | Mineau, P. | Mitchell, E. A. D. | Morrissey, C. A. | Noome, D. A. | Pisa, L. | Settele, J. | Stark, J. D. | Tapparo, A. | Van Dyck, H. | Praagh, Jaap van | Van der Sluijs, J. P. | Whitehorn, P. R. | Wiemers, M.
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neurons leading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites Texte intégral
2015 | 2014
Simon-Delso, Noa | Amaral-Rogers, Vanessa | Belzunces, Luc P | Bonmatin, Jean-Marc | Chagnon, Madeleine | Downs, Craig | Furlan, Lorenzo | Gibbons, David W | Giorio, Chiara | Girolami, Vincenzo | Goulson, Dave | Kreutzweiser, David P | Krupke, Christian H | Liess, Matthias | Whitehorn, Penelope R | Utrecht University | Buglife | French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) | The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) | University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM) | Haereticus Environmental Laboratory | Veneto Agricoltura | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | University of Cambridge | University of Padua | University of Sussex | Natural Resources Canada | Purdue University | Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Germany | Biological and Environmental Sciences | 0000-0001-9852-1012
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time-depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neurons leading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts. | Additional co-authors: E. Long, M. McField, P. Mineau, E. A. D. Mitchell, C. A. Morrissey, D. A. Noome, L. Pisa, J. Settele, J. D. Stark, A. Tapparo, H. Van Dyck, J. Van Praagh, J. P. Van der Sluijs, M. Wiemers
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites | Pesticides néonicotinoïdes. Tendances, usages et modes d’action des métabolites Texte intégral
2014
Simon-Delso, N. | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, L.P. | Bonmatin, Jean-Marc | Chagnon, M. | Downs, C. | Furlan, L. | Gibbons, D. W. | Giorio, C. | Girolami, V. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D. P. | Krupke, C. H. | Liess, M. | Long, E. | Mcfield, M. | Mineau, P. | Mitchell, E. A. D. | Morrissey, C. A. | Noome, D. A. | Pisa, L. | Settele, J. | Stark, J. D. | Tapparo, A. | van Dyck, H. | van Praagh, J. | van Der Sluijs, J. P. | Whitehorn, P. R. | Wiemers, M. | Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development [Utrecht] ; Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht] | Beekeeping Research and Information Center | Buglife | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM) ; Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
. | Depuis leur découverte dans les années 1980, les pesticides néonicotinoïdes sont devenus la classe la plus largement utilisée des insecticides, dans le monde entier, avec des applications à grande échelle allant de la protection des plantes (cultures, légumes, fruits), aux produits vétérinaires et aux biocides pour le contrôle des invertébrés parasites en pisciculture. Dans cette revue, nous joignons la fipronil, un phénylpyrazole, aux néonicotinoïdes en raison de la similitude de leur toxicité, des profils physico-chimiques, et de leur présence dans l'environnement. Les néonicotinoïdes et le fipronil représentent actuellement environ un tiers du marché mondial des insecticides ; la production mondiale annuelle de l'archétype des néonicotinoïdes, l'imidaclopride, a été estimée au total à 20 000 tonnes de substance active en 2010. Le succès initial des néonicotinoïdes et du fipronil est dû à plusieurs raisons : (1) il n'y avait pas de résistance connue à ces pesticides chez les ravageurs cibles, principalement en raison de leur développement récent, (2) leurs propriétés physico-chimiques rassemblaient de nombreux avantages par rapport à celles des générations précédentes d’insecticides (c’est-à-dire, les organophosphorés, les carbamates, les pyréthrinoïdes, etc.), et,(3) ils partagent et supposent des risques réduits pour l’opérateur et le consommateur. En raison de leur nature systémique, ils sont absorbés par les racines ou les feuilles et transloqués à toutes les parties de la plante, laquelle, à son tour, est effectivement toxique pour les insectes herbivores. La toxicité persiste pendant une période de temps variable en fonction de la plante, de son stade de croissance, et de la quantité de pesticide appliquée. Une grande variété d'applications sont disponibles, y compris la NON Bonne Pratique Agricole(GAP)prophylactique d’application courante en enrobage de semences. En conséquence de leur utilisation extensive et de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, ces substances peuvent être trouvés dans tous les compartiments environnementaux, y compris le sol, l'eau et l'air. Les néonicotinoïdes et le fipronil fonctionnent en perturbant la transmission nerveuse dans le système nerveux central des invertébrés.Les néonicotinoïdes imitent l'action des neurotransmetteurs, tandis que le fipronil inhibe les récepteurs neuronaux. Ce faisant, les premiers stimulent en permanence les neurones conduisant finalement les invertébrés cibles à la mort. Comme pratiquement tous les insecticides, ils peuvent également avoir des effets létaux et sublétaux sur les organismes non cibles, y compris les vertébrés prédateurs d'insectes. En outre, une gamme d’effets synergiques avec d'autres facteurs de stress a été documentée. Ici, nous passons en revue de façon extensive leurs voies métaboliques, montrant comment les composés spécifiques et les métabolites communs, lesquels peuvent eux-mêmes être toxiques, forment ensemble deux cas. Ceux-ci peuvent entraîner une toxicité prolongée. Compte tenu de leur large expansion commerciale, leur mode d'action, leurs propriétés systémiques chez les plantes, leur persistance et leur devenir environnemental, couplés avec des informations limitées sur les profils de toxicité de ces composés et de leurs métabolites, les néonicotinoïdes et le fipronil peuvent entraîner des risques importants pour l'environnement. Une évaluation globale des effets collatéraux potentiels de leur utilisation est donc opportune. Le présent document, et les chapitres suivants dans cette revue de la littérature mondiale, explorent ces risques et montrent une quantité croissante de preuves qui, sur la base de la persistance et de faibles concentrations de ces pesticides, posent de sérieux risques d’impacts environnementaux indésirables.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites Texte intégral
2015
Simon-Delso, N | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Chagnon, M. | Downs, C. | Furlan, L. | Gibbons, D.W. | Giorio, C. | Girolami, V. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | Long, E. | Mcfield, M. | Mineau, P. | Mitchell, E.A.D. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Pisa, L | Settele, J. | Stark, J. D. | Tapparo, A. | van Dyck, H. | van Praagh, J.P. | van Der Sluijs, J. P. | Whitehorn, P.R. | Wiemers, M. | Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht] | Centre Apicole de Recherche et Information ; Partenaires INRAE | Buglife | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM) ; Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Département des Sciences Biologiques ; Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM) | Haereticus Environmental Laboratory ; Partenaires INRAE | Veneto Agricoltura | Centre for Conservation Science | Department of Chemistry ; University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM) | Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd) | School of Life Sciences ; University of Sussex | Canadian Forest Service ; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) | Department of Entomology ; Michigan State University [East Lansing] ; Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System | Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | Smithsonian Institution | Pierre Mineau Consulting ; Partenaires INRAE | Laboratory of Soil Biology ; Université de Neuchâtel = University of Neuchatel (UNINE) | Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel | University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon, Canada] (U of S) | Kijani ; Partenaires INRAE | Department of Community Ecology ; Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) | Washington State University (WSU) | Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL) | Scientific Advisor ; Partenaires INRAE | University of Bergen (UiB) | School of Natural Sciences ; University of Stirling
International audience | Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. Awide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neurons leading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates Texte intégral
2015
Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Downs, C.A. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | McField, M. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Settele, J. | Simon-Delso, N. | Stark, J. D. | Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P. | Van Dyck, H. | Wiemers, M.
Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates Texte intégral
2015
Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Downs, C.A. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | McField, M. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Settele, J. | Simon-Delso, N. | Stark, J. D. | Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P. | Van Dyck, H. | Wiemers, M.
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. Thereis a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates Texte intégral
2015
Pisa, L. W. | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, L. P. | Bonmatin, J. M. | Downs, C. A. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D. P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | McField, M. | Morrissey, C. A. | Noome, D. A. | Settele, J. | Simon-Delso, N. | Stark, J. D. | Van der Sluijs, J. P. | Van Dyck, H. | Wiemers, M.
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates Texte intégral
2015
Pisa, L.W. | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, Luc | Bonmatin, J-M. | Downs, C.A. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D.P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | Mcfield, M. | Morrissey, C.A. | Noome, D.A. | Settele, J. | Simon-Delso, N. | Stark, J. D. | van Der Sluijs, Jeroen P. | van Dyck, H. | Wiemers, M. | Universiteit Utrecht / Utrecht University [Utrecht] | Buglife | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM) ; Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Haereticus Environmental Laboratory ; Partenaires INRAE | School of Life Sciences ; University of Sussex | Canadian Forest Service ; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) | Department of Entomology ; Michigan State University [East Lansing] ; Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System | Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | Smithsonian Institution | University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon, Canada] (U of S) | Kijani, Kasungu national park ; Partenaires INRAE | Department of Community Ecology ; Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) | Centre Apicole de Recherche et Information ; Partenaires INRAE | Washington State University (WSU) | Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities (SVT) ; University of Bergen (UiB) | Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
International audience | We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates | Effets des néonicotinoïdes et du fipronil sur les invertébrés Texte intégral
2015
Pisa, L. W. | Amaral-Rogers, V. | Belzunces, L.P. | Bonmatin, Jean-Marc | Downs, C. A. | Goulson, D. | Kreutzweiser, D. P. | Krupke, C. | Liess, M. | Mcfield, M. | Morrissey, C. A. | Noome, D. A. | Settele, J. | Simon-Delso, N. | Stark, J. D. | van Der Sluijs, J. P. | van Dyck, H. | Wiemers, M. | Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale (LTE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM) ; Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig] ; Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Carbon isotope composition, macronutrient concentrations, and carboxylating enzymes in relation to the growth of Pinus halepensis mill. when subject to ozone stress Texte intégral
2010
Inclan, Rosa | Gimeno, Benjamin S. | Peñuelas, Josep | Gerant, Dominique | Querido, Alberto
Carbon isotope composition, macronutrient concentrations, and carboxylating enzymes in relation to the growth of Pinus halepensis mill. when subject to ozone stress Texte intégral
2010
Inclan, Rosa | Gimeno, Benjamin S. | Peñuelas, Josep | Gerant, Dominique | Querido, Alberto
We present here the effects of ambient ozone (O3)-induced decline in carbon availability, accelerated foliar senescence, and a decrease in aboveground biomass accumulation in the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Aleppo pine seedlings were continuously exposed in open-top chambers for 39 months to three different types of O3 treatments, which are as follows: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air (NFA), and nonfiltered air supplemented with 40 ppb O3 (NFA+). Stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and derived time-integrated ci/ca ratios were reduced after an accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) value from April to September of around 20,000 ppb·h. An AOT40 of above 67,000 ppb·h induced reductions in ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, aboveground C and needle N and K concentrations, the C/N ratio, Ca concentrations in twigs under 3 mm, and the aerial biomass, as well as increases in needle P concentrations and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and the N and K concentrations in twigs under 3 mm. Macronutrients losses, the limitations placed on carbon uptake, and increases in catabolic processes may be the causes of carbon gain diminution in leaves which was reflected as a reduction in aboveground biomass at tree level. Stimulation of PEPC activity, the consequent decreased Δ, and compensation processes in nutrient distribution may increase O3 tolerance and might be interpreted as part of Aleppo pine acclimation response to O3.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Carbon isotope composition, macronutrient concentrations, and carboxylating enzymes in relation to the growth of Pinus halepensis mill. when subject to ozone stress Texte intégral
2010
Inclan , Rosa (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).) | Gimeno , Benjamin S. (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).) | Peñuelas , Josep (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelone(Espagne).) | Gerant , Dominique (INRA , Champenoux (France). UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières) | Querido , Alberto (Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Madrid(Espagne).)
We present here the effects of ambient ozone (O3)-induced decline in carbon availability, accelerated foliar senescence, and a decrease in aboveground biomass accumulation in the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Aleppo pine seedlings were continuously exposed in open-top chambers for 39 months to three different types of O3 treatments, which are as follows: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air (NFA), and nonfiltered air supplemented with 40 ppb O3 (NFA+). Stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and derived time-integrated ci/ca ratios were reduced after an accumulated ozone exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) value from April to September of around 20,000 ppb·h. An AOT40 of above 67,000 ppb·h induced reductions in ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, aboveground C and needle N and K concentrations, the C/N ratio, Ca concentrations in twigs under 3 mm, and the aerial biomass, as well as increases in needle P concentrations and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and the N and K concentrations in twigs under 3 mm. Macronutrients losses, the limitations placed on carbon uptake, and increases in catabolic processes may be the causes of carbon gain diminution in leaves which was reflected as a reduction in aboveground biomass at tree level. Stimulation of PEPC activity, the consequent decreased Δ, and compensation processes in nutrient distribution may increase O3 tolerance and might be interpreted as part of Aleppo pine acclimation response to O3.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Regulating ambient pollution when social costs are unknown Texte intégral
2012
Figuieres, Charles | Willinger, Marc
Regulating ambient pollution when social costs are unknown Texte intégral
2012
Figuieres, Charles | Willinger, Marc
This paper offers a new mechanism in order to Nash-implement a Pareto optimal level of ambient pollution. As usuas in the literature on non point source pollution, the proposed scheme is not conditional on individual emissions, since they are not observable; rather it is conditional on aggregate emission. But the novelty here is that we do not assume the regulator knows the agents'preferences, with which he could identify the target level of aggregate emission. Our mechanism dispenses with this information, yet it achieves Pareto optimality provided that the number of agents involved in the problem is known.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Regulating ambient pollution when social costs are unknown Texte intégral
2012
Figuieres , Charles (INRA , Montpellier (France). UMR 1135 Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée) | Willinger , Marc (INRA , Montpellier (France). UMR 1135 Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée)
This paper offers a new mechanism in order to Nash-implement a Pareto optimal level of ambient pollution. As usuas in the literature on non point source pollution, the proposed scheme is not conditional on individual emissions, since they are not observable; rather it is conditional on aggregate emission. But the novelty here is that we do not assume the regulator knows the agents'preferences, with which he could identify the target level of aggregate emission. Our mechanism dispenses with this information, yet it achieves Pareto optimality provided that the number of agents involved in the problem is known.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay Texte intégral
2013
Laroche, Jean | Gauthier, Olivier | Quiniou, Louis | Devaux, Alain | Bony, Sylvie | Evrard, Estérine | Cachot, Jérôme | Cherel, Yan | Larcher, Thibaut | Riso, Ricardo | Pichereau, Vianney | Devier, Marie-Hélène | Budzinski, Hélène
Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay Texte intégral
2013
Laroche, Jean | Gauthier, Olivier | Quiniou, Louis | Devaux, Alain | Bony, Sylvie | Evrard, Estérine | Cachot, Jérôme | Cherel, Yan | Larcher, Thibaut | Riso, Ricardo | Pichereau, Vianney | Devier, Marie-Hélène | Budzinski, Hélène
The objective was to describe and model varia- tion patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty- seven adult European flounders were collected in two sea- sons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration–tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Ca- nonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homo- geneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contam- inated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contami- nation. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were ana- lysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay Texte intégral
2013
Laroche, Jean | Gauthier, Olivier | Quiniou, Louis | Devaux, Alain | Bony, Sylvie | Evrard, Estérine | Cachot, Jérôme | Chérel, Yan | Larcher, Thibaut | Riso, Ricardo | Pichereau, Vianney | Devier, Marie Hélène | Budzinski, Hélène
The objective was to describe and model variation patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty-seven adult European flounders were collected in two seasons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration–tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homogeneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contaminated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contamination. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were analysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay
2013
Laroche , Jean (Université Européenne de BretagneInstitut Universitaire Européen de la MerCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MerLaboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin LEMARUBO,Université de Bretagne Occidentale,Brest (FRA)Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, PlouzanéPlouzané(France).) | Gauthier , Olivier (Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin LEMARInstitut Universitaire Européen de la MerUniversité Européenne de BretagneCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUBO,Université de Bretagne Occidentale,Brest (FRA)Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer(France). UMR 6539 ) | Quiniou , Louis (Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin LEMARInstitut Universitaire Européen de la MerUniversité Européenne de BretagneUBO,Université de Bretagne Occidentale,Brest (FRA)Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané(France). UMR6539) | Devaux , Alain (INRA (France). ) | Bony , Sylvie (INRA , Marcy-L'Étoile (France). UMR 1233 Mycotoxines et Toxicologie Comparée des Xénobiotiques) | Evrard , Esterine (Centre de Recherches Européennes de Rennes(France).) | Cachot , Jérôme (Université de Bordeaux, Talence(France).) | Cherel , Yan (INRA , Nantes (France). UMR 0703 Physiopathologie animale et biothérapies du muscle et du système nerveux) | Larcher , Thibaut (INRA , Nantes (France). UMR 0703 Physiopathologie animale et biothérapies du muscle et du système nerveux) | Riso , Ricardo (Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin LEMARInstitut Universitaire Européen de la MerUniversité Européenne de BretagneUBO,Université de Bretagne Occidentale,Brest (FRA)Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané(France). UMR 6539) | Pichereau , Vianney (Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin LEMARInstitut Universitaire Européen de la MerUniversité Européenne de BretagneInstitut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MerUBO,Université de Bretagne Occidentale,Brest (FRA), Plouzané(France). UMR 6539) | Devier , Marie-Hélène (Université de Bordeaux(France). EPOC UMR 5805) | Budzinski , Hélène (Université Bordeaux 1, Talence(France). EPOC UMR 5805)
The objective was to describe and model varia- tion patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty- seven adult European flounders were collected in two sea- sons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration–tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Ca- nonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homo- geneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contam- inated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contami- nation. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were ana- lysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay Texte intégral
2013
Laroche, Jean | Gauthier, Olivier | Quiniou, Louis | Devaux, Alain | Bony, Sylvie | Evrard, Estérine | Cachot, Jerome | Cherel, Yan | Larcher, Thibaut | Riso, Ricardo, D. | Pichereau, Vianney | Devier, Marie-Hélène | Budzinski, Hélène | Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Équipe 5 - Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes (LEHNA IPE) ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre) ; Cedre | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Physiopathologie Animale et bioThérapie du muscle et du système nerveux (PAnTher) ; École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | The objective was to describe and model varia- tion patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty- seven adult European flounders were collected in two sea- sons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration-tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Ca- nonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homo- geneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contam- inated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contami- nation. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were ana- lysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Deterrence vs. efficiency to regulate nonpoint source pollution Texte intégral
2009
Ali, Mourad | Rio, Patrick
Deterrence vs. efficiency to regulate nonpoint source pollution Texte intégral
2009
Ali, Mourad | Rio, Patrick
In the context of nonpoint source pollution the regulator can not attribute individually the responsibility of pollution because of informational asymmetry which makes the costs of monitoring of individual emission very high. This grounds a moral hazard problem. We analyse group performance based instruments to regulate this kind of informational problem. In particular, we assess randomand collective fining schemes with respect to their deterrence and efficiency. We show that a collective fine scheme is more deterrent than a random fine scheme. However, the analysis of efficiency is less categorical between these two schemes. The efficiency depends on the number of non-compliant agents. If the number of non-compliant agents is high it is better to implement a collective fine scheme. If the number of non-compliant agents is small it is better to implement a random fine scheme.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Deterrence vs. efficiency to regulate nonpoint source pollution Texte intégral
2009
Ali , Mourad (Université Toulouse 3(France).) | Rio , Patrick (INRA , Montpellier (France). UMR 1135 Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée)
In the context of nonpoint source pollution the regulator can not attribute individually the responsibility of pollution because of informational asymmetry which makes the costs of monitoring of individual emission very high. This grounds a moral hazard problem. We analyse group performance based instruments to regulate this kind of informational problem. In particular, we assess randomand collective fining schemes with respect to their deterrence and efficiency. We show that a collective fine scheme is more deterrent than a random fine scheme. However, the analysis of efficiency is less categorical between these two schemes. The efficiency depends on the number of non-compliant agents. If the number of non-compliant agents is high it is better to implement a collective fine scheme. If the number of non-compliant agents is small it is better to implement a random fine scheme.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Texte intégral
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, David | Maibeche, Martine
Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Texte intégral
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, David | Maibeche, Martine
Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use hasresulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects ofsublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Texte intégral
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, L. P. (Luc P.) | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, David | Maibeche, Martine | Siaussat, David
Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Behavioral and metabolic effects of sublethal doses of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and methomyl, in the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Texte intégral
2016
Dewer, Youssef | Pottier, Marie-Anne | Lalouette, Lisa | Maria, Annick | Dacher, Matthieu | Belzunces, Luc P. | Kairo, Guillaume | Renault, D | Maïbèche, Martine | Siaussat, David | Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL) | Agricultural Research Center (ARC) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Abeilles et environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | DIM ASTREA (Région Ile de France) | Imhotep exchange program grant (Campus France) | EMERGENCE UPMC - Paris 6 | ANR-12-ADAP-0012, PHEROTOX | ANR-12-ADAP-0012,PHEROTOX,Perception de la phéromone dans un environnement contaminé en insecticides : info-perturbation ou adaptation?(2012)
International audience | Insecticides have long been used as the main method in limiting agricultural pests, but their widespread use has resulted in environmental pollution, development of resistances, and biodiversity reduction. The effects of insecticides at low residual doses on both the targeted crop pest species and beneficial insects have become a major concern. In particular, these low doses can induce unexpected positive (hormetic) effects on pest insects, such as surges in population growth exceeding what would have been observed without pesticide application. Methomyl and chlorpyrifos are two insecticides commonly used to control the population levels of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, a major pest moth. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of sublethal doses of these two pesticides, known to present a residual activity and persistence in the environment, on the moth physiology. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that sublethal doses of methomyl and chlorpyrifos have a systemic effect on the treated insects. We also demonstrated a behavioral disruption of S. littoralis larvae exposed to sublethal doses of methomyl, whereas no effects were observed for the same doses of chlorpyrifos. Interestingly, we highlighted that sublethal doses of both pesticides did not induce a change in acetylcholinesterase activity in head of exposed larvae
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Physiological responses of the hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) to cadmium exposure and distribution of cadmium in plantlets Texte intégral
2016
Bonnet, Amandine | Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne | Faugeron, Céline | Gloaguen, Vincent | Saladin, Gaëlle
Physiological responses of the hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis Henry) to cadmium exposure and distribution of cadmium in plantlets Texte intégral
2016
Bonnet, Amandine | Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne | Faugeron, Céline | Gloaguen, Vincent | Saladin, Gaëlle
Phytoextraction of Cd is a growing biotechnology although we currently know few Cd-hyperaccumulators, i.e. plant species able to accumulate at least 0.1 mg Cd g-1 dry weight in aerial organs. Owing their deep root system and high biomass, trees are more and more preferred to herbaceous species for phytoextraction. Assuming that conifers could be relevant models under cold climates, we investigated cadmium tolerance of the hybrid larch Larix × eurolepis Henry (L. decidua × L. kaempferi) and the efficiency of this species to store this metal. In vitro grown larches were chosen in order to reduce time of exposure and to more rapidly evaluate their potential efficiency to accumulate Cd. One-month-old plantlets were exposed for 2 and 4 weeks to 250 and 500 µM Cd. Results showed that they tolerated a four-week exposure to 250 µM Cd whereas the content of photosynthetic pigment strongly dropped in plantlets growing in presence of 500 µM Cd. In presence of 250 µM Cd, shoot growth slightly decreased but photosynthetic pigment and total soluble carbohydrate contents were not modified and no lipid peroxidation was detected. In addition, these plantlets accumulated proline, particularly in shoots (2 - 3 times more than control). In roots, Cd concentration in the intracellular fraction was always higher than in the cell wall fraction contrary to shoots where Cd concentration in the cell wall fraction increased with time and Cd concentration in the medium. In shoots, Cd concentration was lower than in roots with a ratio of 0.2 after 4 weeks of exposure but stayed around 0.2 mg g-1 dry weight, thus a value higher than the threshold requested for Cd-hyperaccumulators. Hybrid larch would thus be a relevant candidate for field test of Cd-phytoextraction.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Physiological responses of the hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis Henry) to cadmium exposure and distribution of cadmium in plantlets Texte intégral
2016
Bonet, Amandine | Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne | Faugeron, Céline | Gloaguen, Vincent | Saladin, Gaëlle | Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (LCSN) ; Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503) | Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Université de Limoges (UNILIM) | Eau Environnement Limoges (E2Lim) ; Institut Matériaux Procédés Environnement Ouvrages (IMPEO) ; Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)
International audience
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Physiological responses of the hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis Henry) to cadmium exposure and distribution of cadmium in plantlets Texte intégral
2016
Bonet, Amandine | Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne | Faugeron, Céline | Gloaguen, Vincent | Saladin, Gaëlle
Phytoextraction of Cd is a growing biotechnology although we currently know few Cd hyperaccumulators, i.e., plant species able to accumulate at least 0.1 mg Cd g⁻¹ dry weight in aerial organs. Owing their deep root system and high biomass, trees are more and more preferred to herbaceous species for phytoextraction. Assuming that conifers could be relevant models under cold climates, we investigated cadmium tolerance of the hybrid larch Larix × eurolepis Henry (Larix decidua × Larix kaempferi) and the efficiency of this species to store this metal. In vitro grown larches were chosen in order to reduce time of exposure and to more rapidly evaluate their potential efficiency to accumulate Cd. One-month-old plantlets were exposed for 2 and 4 weeks to 250 and 500 μM Cd. Results showed that they tolerated a 4-week exposure to 250 μM Cd, whereas the content of photosynthetic pigment strongly dropped in plantlets growing in the presence of 500 μM Cd. In the presence of 250 μM Cd, shoot growth slightly decreased but photosynthetic pigment and total soluble carbohydrate contents were not modified and no lipid peroxidation was detected. In addition, these plantlets accumulated proline, particularly in shoots (two to three times more than control). In roots, Cd concentration in the intracellular fraction was always higher than in the cell wall fraction contrary to shoots where Cd concentration in the cell wall fraction increased with time and Cd concentration in the medium. In shoots, Cd concentration was lower than in roots with a ratio of 0.2 after 4 weeks of exposure but stayed around 0.2 mg g⁻¹ dry weight, thus a value higher than the threshold requested for Cd hyperaccumulators. Hybrid larch would thus be a relevant candidate for field test of Cd phytoextraction.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Influence of sediment composition on PAH toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assays Texte intégral
2014
Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Bustamante, Paco | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Cachot, Jérôme | Cousin, Xavier
Influence of sediment composition on PAH toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assays Texte intégral
2014
Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Bustamante, Paco | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Cachot, Jérôme | Cousin, Xavier
Due to hydrophobic and persistent properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Sediment quality criteria, for the assessment of habitat quality and risk for aquatic life, include understanding the fate and effects of PAHs. In the context of European regulation (REACH and Water Framework Directive), the first objective was to assess the influence of sediment composition on the toxicity of two model PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene using 10-day zebrafish embryo-larval assay. This procedure was undertaken with an artificial sediment in order to limit natural sediment variability. A suitable sediment composition might be then validated for zebrafish and proposed in a new OECD guideline for chemicals testing. Second, a comparative study of toxicity responses from this exposure protocol was then performed using another OECD species, the Japanese medaka. The potential toxicity of both PAHs was assessed through lethal (e.g., survival, hatching success) and sublethal endpoints (e.g., abnormalities, PMR, and EROD) measured at different developmental stages, adapted to the embryonic development time of both species. Regarding effects observed for both species, a suitable artificial sediment composition for PAH toxicity testing was set at 92.5 % dry weight (dw) silica of 0.2-0.5-mm grain size, 5 % dw kaolin clay without organic matter for zebrafish, and 2.5 % dw blond peat in more only for Japanese medaka. PAH bioavailability and toxicity were highly dependent on the fraction of organic matter in sediment and of the K ow coefficients of the tested compounds. The biological responses observed were also dependent of the species under consideration. Japanese medaka embryos appeared more robust than zebrafish embryos for understanding the toxicity of PAHs following a sediment contact test, due to the longer exposure duration and lower sensitivity of sediment physical properties.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Influence of sediment composition on PAH toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assays Texte intégral
2014
Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Bustamante, Paco | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Cachot, Jérôme | Cousin, Xavier
Due to hydrophobic and persistent properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Sediment quality criteria, for the assessment of habitat quality and risk for aquatic life, include understanding the fate and effects of PAHs. In the context of European regulation (REACH and Water Framework Directive), the first objective was to assess the influence of sediment composition on the toxicity of two model PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene using 10-day zebrafish embryo-larval assay. This procedure was undertaken with an artificial sediment in order to limit natural sediment variability. A suitable sediment composition might be then validated for zebrafish and proposed in a new OECD guideline for chemicals testing. Second, a comparative study of toxicity responses from this exposure protocol was then performed using another OECD species, the Japanese medaka. The potential toxicity of both PAHs was assessed through lethal (e.g., survival, hatching success) and sublethal endpoints (e.g., abnormalities, PMR, and EROD) measured at different developmental stages, adapted to the embryonic development time of both species. Regarding effects observed for both species, a suitable artificial sediment composition for PAH toxicity testing was set at 92.5 % dry weight (dw) silica of 0.2–0.5-mm grain size, 5 % dw kaolin clay without organic matter for zebrafish, and 2.5 % dw blond peat in more only for Japanese medaka. PAH bioavailability and toxicity were highly dependent on the fraction of organic matter in sediment and of the Kₒwcoefficients of the tested compounds. The biological responses observed were also dependent of the species under consideration. Japanese medaka embryos appeared more robust than zebrafish embryos for understanding the toxicity of PAHs following a sediment contact test, due to the longer exposure duration and lower sensitivity of sediment physical properties.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Influence of sediment composition on PAH toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assays Texte intégral
2014
Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Bustamante, Paco | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Helene | Cachot, Jerome | Cousin, Xavier
Due to hydrophobic and persistent properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Sediment quality criteria, for the assessment of habitat quality and risk for aquatic life, include understanding the fate and effects of PAHs. In the context of European regulation (REACH and Water Framework Directive), the first objective was to assess the influence of sediment composition on the toxicity of two model PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene using 10-day zebrafish embryo-larval assay. This procedure was undertaken with an artificial sediment in order to limit natural sediment variability. A suitable sediment composition might be then validated for zebrafish and proposed in a new OECD guideline for chemicals testing. Second, a comparative study of toxicity responses from this exposure protocol was then performed using another OECD species, the Japanese medaka. The potential toxicity of both PAHs was assessed through lethal (e.g., survival, hatching success) and sublethal endpoints (e.g., abnormalities, PMR, and EROD) measured at different developmental stages, adapted to the embryonic development time of both species. Regarding effects observed for both species, a suitable artificial sediment composition for PAH toxicity testing was set at 92.5 % dry weight (dw) silica of 0.2-0.5-mm grain size, 5 % dw kaolin clay without organic matter for zebrafish, and 2.5 % dw blond peat in more only for Japanese medaka. PAH bioavailability and toxicity were highly dependent on the fraction of organic matter in sediment and of the K (ow) coefficients of the tested compounds. The biological responses observed were also dependent of the species under consideration. Japanese medaka embryos appeared more robust than zebrafish embryos for understanding the toxicity of PAHs following a sediment contact test, due to the longer exposure duration and lower sensitivity of sediment physical properties.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Influence of sediment composition on PAH toxicity using zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo-larval assays Texte intégral
2014
Perrichon, Prescilla | Le Bihanic, Florane | Bustamante, Paco | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Cachot, Jérôme | Cousin, Xavier | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes (Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique) | French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, program “ Contaminant, Ecosystème et Santé, ” within the framework of the ConPhyPoP (2009-002) research project and CPER A2E. This project is co-financed by the European Union with the European Regional Development Fund
International audience | Due to hydrophobic and persistent properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Sediment quality criteria, for the assessment of habitat quality and risk for aquatic life, include understanding the fate and effects of PAHs. In the context of European regulation (REACH and Water Framework Directive), the first objective was to assess the influence of sediment composition on the toxicity of two model PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene using 10 day-zebrafish embryo-larval assay. This procedure was undertaken with an artificial sediment in order to limit natural sediment variability. A suitable sediment composition might be then validated for zebrafish and proposed in a new OECD guideline for chemicals testing. Second, a comparative study of toxicity responses from this exposure protocol was then performed using another OECD species, the Japanese medaka. The potential toxicity of both PAHs was assessed through lethal (e.g. survival, hatching success) and sublethal endpoints (e.g. abnormalities, PMR and EROD) measured at different developmental stages, adapted to the embryonic development time of both species. Regarding effects observed for both species, a suitable artificial sediment composition for PAH toxicity testing was set at 92.5 % dw silica of 0.2-0.5 mm grain size, 5 % dw kaolin clay without organic matter for zebrafish and 2.5 % dw blond peat in more only for Japanese medaka. PAH bioavailability and toxicity were highly dependent on the fraction of organic matter in sediment and of the Kow coefficients of the tested compounds. The biological responses observed were also dependent of the species under consideration. Japanese medaka embryos appeared more robust than zebrafish embryos for understanding the toxicity of PAHs due to the longer exposure duration and it lower sensitivity of sediment physical properties.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of wind wave turbulence on the phytoplankton community composition in large, shallow Lake Taihu Texte intégral
2015
Zhou, Jian | Qin, Boqiang | Casenave, Céline | Han, Xiaoxia | Yang, Guijun | Wu, Tingfeng | Wu, Pan | Ma, Jianrong
Effects of wind wave turbulence on the phytoplankton community composition in large, shallow Lake Taihu Texte intégral
2015
Zhou, Jian | Qin, Boqiang | Casenave, Céline | Han, Xiaoxia | Yang, Guijun | Wu, Tingfeng | Wu, Pan | Ma, Jianrong
Wind waves are responsible for some of the spatio-temporal gradients observed in the biotic and abiotic variables in large shallow lakes. However, their effects on the phytoplankton community composition are still largely unexplored especially in freshwater systems such as lakes. In this paper, using field observations and mesocosm bioassay experiments, we investigated the impact of turbulence generated by wind waves on the phytoplankton community composition (especially on harmful cyanobacteria) in Lake Taihu, a large, shallow eutrophic lake in China. The composition of the phytoplankton community varied with the intensity of wind waves in the different areas of the lake. During summer, when wind waves were strong in the central lake, diatoms and green algae seemed to dominate while harmful cyanobacteria dominated in the weakly influenced Meiliang Bay. Turbulence bioassays also showed that diatoms and green algae were favoured by turbulent mixing. The critical time for the shift of the phytoplankton community composition was approximately 10 days under turbulent conditions. However, short-term (6 days) turbulence is rather beneficial for the dominance of cyanobacteria. This study suggests that the duration of wind events and their associated hydrodynamics are key factors to understanding the temporal and spatial changes of phytoplankton communities.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effects of wind wave turbulence on the phytoplankton community composition in large, shallow Lake Taihu Texte intégral
2015
Zhou, Jian | Qin, Boqiang | Casenave, Céline | Han, Xiaoxia | Yang, Guijun | Wu, Tingfeng | Wu, Pan | Ma, Jianrong | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment ; Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology | Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology (Niglas) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS) | Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences (CRES) ; Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU) | School of Environmental and Civil Engineering [Wuxi] ; Jiangnan University | Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment ; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIGIT) | National Science Foundation of China : 41230744, 41471021 ; Water Pollution Control and Management Project : 2012ZX07503-002 | European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
hal-01150611 | International audience | Wind waves are responsible for some of the spatio-temporal gradients observed in the biotic and abiotic variables in large shallow lakes. However, their effects on the phytoplankton community composition are still largely unexplored especially in freshwater systems such as lakes. In this paper, using field observations and mesocosm bioassay experiments, we investigated the impact of turbulence generated by wind waves on the phytoplankton community composition (especially on harmful cyanobacteria) in Lake Taihu, a large, shallow eutrophic lake in China. The composition of the phytoplankton community varied with the intensity of wind waves in the different areas of the lake. During summer, when wind waves were strong in the central lake, diatoms and green algae seemed to dominate while harmful cyanobacteria dominated in the weakly influenced Meiliang Bay. Turbulence bioassays also showed that diatoms and green algae were favoured by turbulent mixing. The critical time for the shift of the phytoplankton community composition was approximately 10 days under turbulent conditions. However, short-term (6 days) turbulence is rather beneficial for the dominance of cyanobacteria. This study suggests that the duration of wind events and their associated hydrodynamics are key factors to understanding the temporal and spatial changes of phytoplankton communities.
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