To study the evolution of hydrochemical characteristics and the quality of irrigation water from a suburban river, a total of 54 water samples were collected from Xinbian River in Suzhou City (Anhui Province, China) from December 2019 to May 2020. Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, and multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and main ion sources. Research results showed that the content of main ions increased continuously from December 2019 to May 2020, among which SO42- and F- exceeded China’s surface water quality standards in April and May. The main hydrochemical type was Na-SO4, accounting for 77.77%, of water samples with the main ion components found to be related to rock weathering. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that agricultural non-point source pollution was the main factor affecting the water quality of the Xinbian River. Overall, the evaluation index of irrigation water shows that Xinbian River was suitable for irrigation utilization, although the effects of magnesium damage should be prevented.

We observed the water level and temperature in the lower stretch of the Hsin-an river in China for different times to show the characteristics of the water table and temperature in the riparian zone under the influence of discharged low-temperature water. The water table in the riparian zone showed a typical daily cycle change with a fluctuation range of 239.42-275.99 cm, according to the findings. With increasing distance from the river, the amplitudes of the water table fluctuation were reduced, and the phases were lagged. In the high-temperature period, riparian temperatures range from 20.4°C to 26.0°C, whereas in the low-temperature phase, temperatures range from 12.9°C to 19.2°C. The temperature distribution in the riparian zone was described in the vertical direction as “warmer on the surface and cooler at the bottom” during high-temperature periods and “cooler on the surface and warmer at the bottom” during low-temperature periods, with the temperature gradient gradually decreasing with depth. There was clear temperature zonation in the horizontal direction during the high-temperature phase but none during the low-temperature period. The study will serve as a benchmark for future hyporheic zone ecological impact assessments.

This work presented the adsorption of Cu(II) ions using agriculture waste coming from soursop (Annona muricata L.) seeds. The chemical treatment performed on Annona muricata L. seeds was carried out using 1.0 M H2SO4 solutions. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), pH of point-zero-charge (pHPZC), and pHslurry analyses were done to characterize the surface properties of the adsorbent. Experimental conditions such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial Cu(II) ion concentrations, all of which could affect Cu(II) ions adsorption, were studied. The adsorption kinetics was successfully described by the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to interpret the Cu(II) ions’ adsorption at equilibrium. The isotherm data fitted well with the Freundlich model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 187.83 mg.g-1 based on the Langmuir model.

The atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere are subjected to different processes, leading to natural hazards like weathering, erosion, floods, cyclones, landslides, earthquakes, tectonic movements, etc. Environmental degradation is a serious aspect of the recent past, mainly due to natural and manmade interactions. The pressure for infrastructure development due to rapid urbanization has led to the expansion of construction activities. It has catapulted the frequency of landslides to dramatic proportions in recent decades, especially along western ghats. The West Coast of India (WCI) has attracted the attention of Geo-scientists due to its neo-tectonic setup, continuing seismic activities, sea-level changes, and also due to environmental degradation. It is followed that very limited attempts have been made related to the land sliding along the west coast tract of Maharashtra. The present investigations are emphasized mainly to locate the landslide vulnerable zones of Shastri River Basin (SRB), Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra by using remote sensing data, GIS techniques along field studies. The area lies within a triple junction of Koyana-Kurduwadi Lineament (KKL), West Coast Fault (WCF), and Panvel Flexure (PF). Based on the integration of data from various thematic maps viz. lithology, lineaments, slope, geomorphology, land use-land cover along with inventory map, Landslide Vulnerable Map (LVM) of the SRB has been prepared. It follows that about 29% area of the SRB forms a highly vulnerable zone for land sliding. These zones are mainly confined to steep slopes, wasteland, highly weathered basalts, and deep valleys and in the vicinity of lineaments.

Henan is China’s most populous agricultural province. Wheat, cotton, oil crops, and other farming and animal husbandry industries rank first in China in terms of output value. The agricultural sector has grown significantly, and rural populations’ living standards have greatly improved. The effects of rural urbanization can be seen all over the place. However, the rural economy’s rapid growth has resulted in a slew of environmental contamination issues. Chemical fertilizer emissions of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) have been decreasing for a long time in Henan Province, whereas total phosphorus (TP) emissions are increasing. The usage load of pesticides went high in Zhoukou, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Xinxiang, and Zhumadian. The application of agricultural film was relatively common in Nanyang, Zhoukou, Anyang, Xinyang, Zhumadian, Kaifeng, and Shangqiu. Wheat, corn, and oil-bearing crop stalks are the main sources of crop solid waste in Henan Province, and the solid waste generated by these three crops accounted for 93.96% of the province’s total amount. In Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Nanyang, and Shangqiu, there was a lot of crop stalk trash.

Concrete with fiber as a reinforcing material is one of the important fields of research that is gaining traction in this upcoming green technology revolution. By adding fibers to concrete, the tensile strength properties are vastly improved without compromising the strength characteristics, and cost fluctuation is minimal. This research is being carried out to improve the qualities of concrete that have been infused with chemically treated sisal fiber in varied ratios. The paper investigates and describes the effects of sisal fiber when it is chemically treated and infused with concrete, comparing it to ordinary concrete in strength tests. Water absorption, workability, and other material characteristics of Sisal fiber reinforced concrete with 0.5 per cent, 1 per cent, 1.5 per cent, and 2 per cent fiber replacing cement by volume fraction and a sisal fiber aspect ratio of 1:100 are compared to the traditional M30 concrete grade. After being treated with an alkaline solution, 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent sisal fiber reinforced concrete increased tensile and compressive strength, as well as the formation of calcium carbonate deposits on the fiber interfaces; this also contributes to the concrete’s corrosion resistance and durability.

Water quality in irrigation areas is related to food security and many other national strategies. This study takes China’s Yingkou Irrigation District as the research object and analyzes 4 water quality indicators, including NH4+-N, TP, DO and COD, from 2017 to 2019 at 3 water quality monitoring points set up in the irrigation area. Simultaneously, a comprehensive pollution index is introduced to evaluate the quality of returned water in the irrigation area. Using Redundancy Analysis (RDA), the correlation between water quality indicators and Land-use and socio-economic indicators are analyzed separately. The results show that the water quality of the Yingkou Irrigation District varies greatly within and between years, and the months with poor water quality are concentrated in autumn and winter. This is mainly related to the geographical location of the irrigation area and the drainage cycle of rice planting. The quality of receding water shows a positive correlation with the water area and a negative correlation with the unused land. The RDA analysis with socio-economic indicators shows that PD and IP are the ones that have a more significant impact on the quality of return water in irrigation areas. The prevention and control of industrial point source pollution, as well as the interception of non-point source pollution in water regions, should be the focus of water pollution prevention and control in irrigation areas.

Cities and Urban Local Bodies (CULB) are considered to be the engines of economic growth and any significant improvement in their operational efficiency will lead to a positive impact on the economy. The major portion of expenditure on Solid waste management (SWM) of CULBs is spent on waste collection and transportation activities. To enhance the efficiency of SWM, it is essential to collect and transport solid waste in a scientific manner. As a result, systematic solid waste collection and transportation will effectively resolve and improve SWM concerns. In this paper, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is adopted to appraise various alternatives of solid waste collection and transportation methods of municipal solid waste in Visakhapatnam city, India. The additive normalization method is applied for calculating the criteria weights. The fairness of judgment is checked by the consistency ratio. To calculate AHP accurately and fast, a decision support system was built. The findings of the study will be beneficial in evaluating existing solid waste collection and transportation processes to improve the operational efficiency of managing SWM.

Solid waste management is found to be a matter of great concern all over the world. As the population grows, the volume of food waste also increases. Vegetable waste discarded from markets, waste discarded from slaughterhouses, and food waste left out after large social gatherings are becoming unmanageable heaps of organic waste. Composting is an effective process that can be used for the biodegradation of solid waste. Researchers have studied the influence of many parameters to accelerate the composting process such as adjusting the C/N ratio, pH, temperature, and moisture content. Reducing the size of larger pieces into small particles is found to accelerate the microbial activity and hence composting. This paper discusses the development and fabrication of a shredding machine used for cutting large volumes of vegetable waste. As per the studies conducted, the shredding machine can cut down 360 kg of vegetable waste into shredded waste within one hour. The quantity of petrol required for operating the engine for one hour was observed as one liter. Hence the fabricated shredding machine is found as cost-effective. The portable unit can be taken to various locations where solid organic waste has to be shredded and hence there is no need to transport waste which is a cumbersome task that consumes more energy.

This study shows that it is possible to fabricate and characterize green bimetallic nanoparticles using eco-friendly reduction and a capping agent, which is then used for removing the orange G dye (OG) from an aqueous solution. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were applied on the resultant bimetallic nanoparticles to ensure the size, and surface area of particles nanoparticles. The results found that the removal efficiency of OG depends on the G‑Fe/Cu‑NPs concentration (0.5-2.0 g.L-1), initial pH (2‑9), OG concentration (10-50 mg.L-1), and temperature (30-50 °C). The batch experiments showed that 54% of 10 mg.L-1 of OG was removed within the optimum dose, pH, and temperature which were 1 g.L-1, 7 and 30°C respectively. The results of kinetic adsorption models and mechanisms indicate that OG uptake on G‑Fe/Cu‑NPs follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, physisorption, and exothermic process with (‑22.9 kJ.mol-1) activation energy. Adsorption isotherm investigated with models of Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin, in addition, the parameters of thermodynamic such as DG°, DH°, and DS° were ‑0.462 kJ.mol-1, ‑35.88 kJ.mol-1, and 0.116 kJ.mol.K-1 respectively, this indicted spontaneous, exothermic and favorable adsorption.