The main goal of the study was to look at the properties of waste, treatment options, and disposal techniques. Furthermore, waste circulation variables in the textile and apparel sectors in Sri Lanka’s Biyagama Industrial Processing Zone were calculated. The types, volumes, and per capita waste generation of ten industries were analyzed, as well as waste management activities such as trash minimization, handling, storing, recirculation, and disposal. The information was gathered using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. According to the findings, the total industrial waste generation rate was 13792.5 tonnes per year, with 5926 tonnes per year designated as hazardous waste materials (42.9%). Furthermore, the waste generation rate per capita was 0.93 kg. The waste circulation factor was 0.38, according to the findings. The findings of the study highlight the necessity for integrated waste management methods in the textile and apparel industries.

Fiber-reinforced technology is an important method to improve the stability and durability of growing basis material. To evaluate the factors affecting the interfacial strength properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced vegetation concrete, single polypropylene fiber drawing tests were conducted by using a modified apparatus. The mechanical interaction behavior between vegetation concrete and polypropylene fiber was discussed by using a polarizing microscope. The results indicate that the drawing curves between polypropylene fiber and vegetation concrete show a typical multi-peak characteristic. And the interfacial shear strength is the minimum at the optimum water content (20%) in the 1d sample. It should be noted that both interfacial peak strength (IPS) and interfacial residual strength (IRS) increase with the increase of dry density and curing time for vegetation concrete. Then through multiple linear regression analysis, the empirical formula of critical fiber length in reinforced vegetation concrete is obtained, which can improve the engineering durability of vegetation concrete in harsh conditions.

For the availability of drinking water, saline water treatment has become exceedingly necessary. The purpose of this research was to determine how efficient electrocoagulation (EC) with monopolar iron electrodes was for desalinating water from Iraq’s Sawa Lake. Absolute dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl), bromine (Br), and sulfate (SO4) are some of the salty water forms that are being targeted. The impacts of five considerations on treatment efficiency were studied, including current (I), detention time (RT), pH, speed of mixing stirring (Mrpm), and inter-electrode distance (IED). I=0.8A, RT=80 minutes, pH=8, IED=1cm, and Mrpm=500 were found to be the best values. TDS, Cl, Br and SO4 removal efficiencies were 91 percent, 93 percent, 92 percent, and 90 percent, respectively, under ideal conditions. It can be inferred that the EC system used in this research was operative in removing salts from the water of Sawa lake.

The study of competitive adsorption of heavy metals on soil is important for heavy metals contaminated soil remediation. However, there have been few studies on the impact of desorption reagents on heavy metal adsorption in soil. Batch adsorption studies were used to investigate the competitive adsorption mechanism of two heavy metals, Pb and Zn, on a loess soil in the presence of a new chelating surfactant, sodium N-lauroyl ethylenediamine triacetate (LED3A). Results showed that competitive adsorption equilibria of Pb and Zn were reached at 3 and 10 h, respectively. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities were 19.55 and 18.35 g.kg-1, respectively. LED3A affected the competitive adsorption kinetics of Pb and Zn by increasing the change in external mass transfer and reducing the change in internal mass transfer. LED3A reduced Pb and Zn adsorption capacities onto the soil through competitive chelation of the heavy metals. The heavy metal chelating ability of LED3A was higher for Zn than for Pb. When its concentration was larger than 5 g.L-1, LED3A showed a significant effect on the competitive adsorption of Pb and Zn. In the competitive system, the effect of Pb concentration on the Zn adsorption capacity was greater than the effect of Zn concentration on the Pb adsorption capacity. LED3A weakened the effect of Pb concentration and enhanced the effect of Zn concentration. LED3A showed a significant potential for efficiently leaching remediation of Pb and Zn co-contaminated soil.

The functioning and sustainability of lotic ecosystems depend to a large extent on their thermal and hydrological regimes. In the Mediterranean region, these factors are very sensitive to climate and anthropization which have undergone deep changes over the last four decades. Having noted the drying up of many permanent streams in Morocco, we conducted in 2015-2017 a new study with the aim of analyzing and assessing abiotic changes in the Upper Sebou (Middle Atlas, Morocco). A former study was carried out in 1981-1985. Indeed, over the last four decades, this river has been exposed to multiple disturbances, due to both recurrent droughts and human pressures. To describe and assess these changes, we used 16 abiotic variables that were measured in 11 ecosystems along the central course of the river. The comparison was mainly carried out using the multiple factorial correspondence analysis (MFCA), through a ternary matrix “variables × stations × time”, gathering old and new data in the same mesological structure. The analysis revealed the classical upstream-downstream ordering of the studied ecosystems, where most of the ecosystems recorded a downstream migration from their 1981 position. In this evolutionary perspective, the study involves hydrological and thermal factors, which show mainly a reduction in flow and a slight increase in temperature and water mineralization, both in summer and winter. It is assumed that water withdrawals, especially for irrigation, together with climatic droughts in the region, are responsible for these long-term evolutionary trends.

Estimating carbon emissions and assessing their contribution are critical steps toward China’sobjective of reaching a “carbon peak” in 2030 and “carbon neutrality” in 2060. This paper selectsrelevant statistical data on carbon emissions from 2000 to 2018, combines the emission coefficientmethod and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model (LMDI) to calculate carbon emissions, andanalyses the driving force of carbon emission growth using Henan Province as a case study. Based onthe partial least squares regression analysis model (PLS), the contributions of inter-provincial factorsof carbon emission are analyzed. Finally, a county-level downscaling estimation model of carbonemission is further formulated to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of carbon emissions andtheir evolution. The research results show that: 1) The effect of energy intensity is responsible for 82percent of the increase in carbon emissions, whereas the effect of industrial structure is responsiblefor -8 percent of the increase in carbon emissions. 2) The proportion of secondary industry and energyintensity, which are 1.64 and 0.82, respectively, have the most evident explanatory effect on total carbonemissions; 3). Carbon emissions vary widely among counties, with high emissions in the central andnorthern regions and low emissions in the southern. However, their carbon emissions have constantlydecreased over time. 4) The number of high-emission counties, their carbon emissions, and the degreeof their discrepancies are gradually reduced. The findings serve as a foundation for relevant agenciesto gain a macro-level understanding of the industrial landscape and to investigate the feasibility ofcarbon emission reduction programs.

With the growing construction sector, there is a constant rise in wastes generated by both construction and demolition activities. According to an estimate by Building Material Promotion Council (BMPTC), 150 million tonnes of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are generated in India annually. However, the official recycling capacity is a meagre6, 500 tonnes per day (TPD) - just about 1 percent. This paper examines the properties of Black cotton soil and investigates the use of recycled C&D wastes in soil stabilization of black cotton soil. This research focuses on the inexpensive and eco-friendly nature of C&D wastes as an admixture for soil stabilization. The tests were performed using different proportions of recycled C&D wastes in the proportions: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, to increase the strength of black cotton soil. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) showed an increase from 2% to 18.09%, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) showed a decrease from 2.107 g.cc-1 to 1.69 g.cc-1, and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) showed a variation and increased from 15% to 18.09% with the addition of 25% C&D wastes.

Order Orthoptera is one of the largest and most important invertebrate groups for environmental monitoring and assessment. Orthoptera faunal composition was carried out at Bharathi Park, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the present status of various species. PAST software was used to perform various statistical analyses to estimate the Orthoptera composition. Overall, 334 individuals belonging to 22 species, 19 genera, 17 tribes under 10 subfamilies, and four families of Orthoptera were recorded. Species richness (59.09%) and species abundance (70.06%) were recorded highest in the Acrididae family followed by Pyrgomorphidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllidae. Oedipodinae was the most species-rich (27.27%) and the most abundant subfamily, accounting for 30.24% of the total collected individuals. During the study period, 10 dominant, five intermediate dominance, four incidental, and three rare species were observed. Among these, Spathosternum prasiniferum was found to be the most dominant species (D=18.26) and the least dominant (D = 0.6) species was Euconocephalus pallidus. Based on the principal component analysis, the distribution of species along with the first two PCs (PC1= 33.87% and PC2=28.68%) accounted for the highest variance of the total variances. Cluster analysis showed that Acrotylus humbertianus and Teleogryllus mitratus, Conocephalus maculates and Gryllus bimaculatus Orthopterans were similar to each other. The value of the Shannon diversity index (2.27), Simpson index (0.87), Margalef index (2.2), and α-diversity (5.75) were higher in Acrididae when compared with other families. Value of Evenness (0.93) was highest in Gryllidae. Statistical analysis infers that the richness and abundance percentage of Orthopterans significantly varied between species to species and family to family.

Microplastics, a multi-dimensional environmental stressor group, capable of transboundary migration, are a threat to the global ecosystem. Transboundary migration of microplastics across all environmental matrices is known to originate from a multitude of sources and acts in conjugation with each other. This inter-dependence of sources calls for a detailed scientific analysis of all the sources that are in play. Waste management facilities have already been established as a significant contributor of microplastics to the aquatic and terrestrial environment. A systematic overview of the scientific literature reveals that the existing body of scientific knowledge is mainly focused on wastewater treatment facilities as a source/pathway of microplastics in the environment. Recently the focus shifted towards solid waste management facilities through landfills. Poor plastic waste management practices made discarded plastics the most dominant component of solid wastes. This review elucidates the occurrence and distribution of microplastics, characteristics of microplastics, including size, shapes, colors, and polymer types, in leachate and refuse of landfills. Furthermore, we discussed the transport mechanisms and pathways used by microplastic present in landfills to migrate to subsurface or groundwater and adjacent aquatic bodies. Last, based on the findings, we summarized the gaps in existing studies and suggested future perspectives to be focused on the future. The abundance of microplastics is attributed to the volume of plastic waste in landfills, management of leachate originating from landfills, application of leachate, and age of landfills. Microplastics abundance and characteristics vary in leachate and refuse. Smaller microplastics are predominant in leachate while larger microplastics are predominant in refuse. Landfills are capable of generating secondary microplastics from fragmentation and degradation. Further studies on microplastics in landfills are necessary to tackle this ever-growing menace.

The presence of fluoride in the groundwater in the Thirukkazhukundram Block in south India is now becoming an increasingly alarming issue. With the semi-arid climatic conditions, charnockite and gneiss rocks form the basement, contributing to the geology of the study area. The pre-monsoon (August 2016) and post-monsoon (February 2017) fluoride concentrations have an average output of 1.3 mg.L-1 and 0.72 mg.L-1 respectively. As of date, only in Neikuppi, the fluoride contamination is found to be 2 mg.L-1 in pre-monsoon which is beyond the accepted limit as per the WHO standards. Other 29 locations taken up for study have fluoride value fluctuation from 1 mg.L-1 to 2 mg.L-1 in the pre-monsoon and from 0 to 1.5 mg.L-1 in the post-monsoon. The main factor responsible for this fluoride contamination lies in the study area’s hydro-geological condition which must be attended to immediately to prevent a public health problem in the future.