Every facet of life, including human habitation, economic development, food security, etc., depends on water as a valuable resource. Due to the burgeoning population and rapid urbanization, water availability needs to be simulated and measured using hydrologic models and trustworthy data. To fulfill this aim, the SWAT model was processed in this work. The SWAT model was formulated to estimate the hydrological parameters of Yeralwadi using meteorological data from IMD (India Meteorological Department) for the period 1995-2020. The observed discharge data was collected from the HDUG Nasik group and used in the calibration and validation of the Model. The SWAT model was corrected & validated through the SUFI-II algorithm in SWAT-CUP to get a better result. The model’s sensitivity is checked by using statistical parameters like Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and a coefficient of determination (R2). NSE values were 0.72 and 0.80 in calibration and validation, and R2 were 0.80 & 0.76 in calibration and validation, respectively, indicating the acceptance of the model. Results show that 40.6% of the total yearly precipitation was lost by evapotranspiration. The estimated total discharge from the Yeralwadi catchment was 55.6%, out of which 41.2% was surface runoff and 14.4% was baseflow. The other 17.8% was made up of percolation into confined and unconfined aquifers, which served as soil and groundwater storages. The surface runoff is influenced by Curve number (CnII), SOL_AWC, ESCO, and base flow was influenced by ALPHA-BF and GW_REVAP. This study will be useful to water managers and researchers to develop sustainable water resource management and to alleviate the water scarcity issues in the study basin.

Assessment of soil fertility is essential to help identify strategies for sustainable agricultural production systems that decrease the negative environmental impact. The objective of this research study is to carry out a preliminary assessment of soil fertility status to adopt climate-smart agriculture to address the climate change challenges that adversely affect crop productivity and livelihoods of the farming community. The research was carried out in Mambattu village, Maduranthakam block of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. A systematic set of twenty geo-referenced soil samples were collected from the study village using GPS (Global Positioning System) and analysed for pH, EC, available macro, secondary and micronutrients to develop a credible soil fertility index (SFI). The preliminary fertility data of Mambattu village revealed that the pH of soil samples varied from acidic to alkaline with about 40% as neutral while the electrical conductivity showed non-saline and medium status of Organic Carbon (OC). The soil samples were predominantly sufficient in N and some micro nutrients (Fe, Mn), while medium in S and B and deficient in P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu. Results from initial studies indicate that practices like site specific nutrient management, green manuring, use of organic inputs, use of integrated pest management, seed treatment etc., have a high potential for implementing climate-smart agricultural technologies. Soil fertility evaluation can be an efficient tool to improve soil health which can positively impact crop productivity and be one of the important climate-smart technologies practices adopted by the farmers.

The textile industry occupies a significant hold on the global economy. This substantial industry often generates a large volume of effluents exceeding the permissible limit of discharge in the different regions of the world. Therefore, textile effluents act as pollutants altering the natural composition of various components of the environment. This paper discusses the impact of textile-based pollutants on agriculture including plants, soil, water and fisheries. The observed result is significant because textile effluents exert a widespread negative impact on the respective respondents, though plants show few positive effects. Prior treatment of textile wastewater is necessary before applying it to the soil, as there is a possibility of affecting the plant ecosystem via soil media. Plants are benefitted in terms of germination and growth, due to irrigation by textile effluents with proper dilution. The physical and biochemical properties of water streams along with aquatic organisms are impacted by these specific discharges, leading to even severe deterioration of particular living creatures. Pollutants released from various steps of textile processing have adverse effects on the environment, disturbing the food chain, ecosystem, and overall ecological balance.

Agriculture is located at the crossing point between ecosystems and society, where changes in the global environmental conditions affect agricultural activities. The total agricultural area in Abu Dhabi Emirate in 2017 was 749,868 donums. This study had two main objectives; first, to understand how agricultural and livestock production has changed and how these changes are relevant to socioeconomic statuses; second, to assess climate change’s impact on agricultural and livestock production through groundwater characteristics. We distributed and collected 301 surveys throughout the three main regions in the Abu Dhabi Emirate (Abu Dhabi City, Al-Ain City, and Al Dhafrah). The results indicated that approximately 68% of the respondents in Al-Ain agreed that it is currently much easier and more profitable to manage a farm than it was 20 years ago. Further, 39% of the farmers agreed that both product quality and quantity have improved over the past 20 years. About 51% of Emirati nationals agreed that production has changed over time. The farmers aged between 51-60 years also agreed that there has been a change in production over time. Half of the farm owners agreed that production has changed, while a majority of the workers provided neutral responses on this topic. While a number of both owners and workers agreed that both production and income levels changed, more respondents disagreed than agreed that these changes had occurred. Finally, the farmers aged between 51-60 years agreed more that the groundwater levels and quality had changed over the past 20 years.

Nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), the most common pollutant in groundwater, is a result of the effect of diffuse sources of pollution like agriculture and animal husbandry intensive. The land use for these economic activities is very common in the Los R?os sub-region in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, where the Los R?os and Boca del Cerro aquifers are located. The aim of this research was to assess the concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (N-NO3-) in groundwater, determine the quality in agreement with the maximum permissible limits established by national and international regulations, and the risks to the public health and aquatic life. The spatial distribution of N-NO3- was determined using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. The average nitrate-nitrogen concentration was 0.76 mg.L-1, while the maximum concentration observed was 3.98 mg.L1. This does not exceed the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established in the national and international normativity for drinking water. However, in 50% of the sampling sites, the concentrations of N-NO3- exceed the MPL established in Mexico for the protection of the life of seawater. Relatively low concentrations of N-NO3- have shown to be toxic to certain aquatic organisms, and the aquifers studied discharge a third of the water to the rivers in the area, which flow into the Laguna de T?rminos Campeche and the Gulf of Mexico. Laguna de T?rminos Campeche is one of the most diverse and rich environmental systems on earth, where numerous ecosystems converge such as coastal lagoons, wetlands, mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs.