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Ionic Composition of Winter Atmospheric Precipitation in the Urban Area (South of West Siberia, Russia)
2023
Noskova, Tatiana | Lovtskaya, Olga | Panina, Maria | Ovcharenko, Elena | Papina, Tatyana
The work evaluates the urban snow cover pollution and determines the level of the city influence on the pollution of the urban atmosphere with major ions (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) during the winter period (on the case study of Barnaul city, 2014-2019). The priority ions that determine the high pollution of the urban atmosphere in winter are (nitrite, chloride, sodium), the sources of which are the exhaust of motor vehicles (nitrite) and the using of anti-ice reagents (chloride, sodium). The study showed an increase of the major ions in the urban snow cover (with the exception of nitrate ion) by more than two times compared with the regional and more than six times with the global natural background. To study the spatial features of the snow cover pollution interpolation surfaces of the spatial distribution of priority ions in the study area were constructed.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Using a two site-reactive model for simulating one century changes of Zn and Pb concentration profiles in soils affected by metallurgical fallout
2012
Mallmann , Fábio Joel Kochem (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria(Brésil). Departamento de Solos) | Rheinheimer , Danilo dos Santos (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria(Brésil). Departamento de Solos) | Labanowski , Jérôme (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Poitiers(France). UMR 6008, LCME, Université de Poitiers-ESIP) | Cambier , Philippe (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Lamy , Isabelle (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Santanna , Maria Alice (Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria(Brésil). Departamento de Física) | Tessier , Daniel (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Van Oort , Folkert (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés)
Predicting the transfer of contaminants in soils is often hampered by lacking validation of mathematical models. Here, we applied Hydrus-2D software to three agricultural soils for simulating the 1900–2005 changes of zinc and lead concentration profiles derived from industrial atmospheric deposition, to validate the tested models with plausible assumptions on past metal inputs to reach the 2005 situation. The models were set with data from previous studies on the geochemical background, estimated temporal metal deposition, and the 2005 metal distributions. Different hypotheses of chemical reactions of metals with the soil solution were examined: 100% equilibrium or partial equilibrium, parameterized following kinetic chemical extractions. Finally, a two-site model with kinetic constant values adjusted at 1% of EDTA extraction parameters satisfactory predicted changes in metal concentration profiles for two arable soils. For a grassland soil however, this model showed limited applicability by ignoring the role of earthworm activity in metal incorporation.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Analysis of metal(loid)s contamination and their continuous input in soils around a zinc smelter: Development of methodology and a case study in South Korea
2018
Yun, Sung-Wook | Baveye, Philippe | Kim, Dong-Hyeon | Kang, Dong-Hyeon | Lee, Si-Young | Kong, Min-Jae | Park, Chan-Gi | Kim, Hae-Do | Son, Jinkwan | Yu, Chan | Department of Agricultural Engineering,RDA, Wanju ; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay | Gongju National University | Korea Rural Community Corporation ; Rural Research Institute (RRI) | Gyeongsang National University
Soil contamination due to atmospheric deposition of metals originating from smelters is a global environmental problem. A common problem associated with this contamination is the discrimination between anthropic and natural contributions to soil metal concentrations: In this context, we investigated the characteristics of soil contamination in the surrounding area of a world class smelter. We attempted to combine several approaches in order to identify sources of metals in soils and to examine contamination characteristics, such as pollution level, range, and spatial distribution. Soil samples were collected at 100 sites during a field survey and total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed. We conducted a multivariate statistical analysis, and also examined the spatial distribution by 1) identifying the horizontal variation of metals according to particular wind directions and distance from the smelter and 2) drawing a distribution map by means of a GIS tool. As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in the soil were found to originate from smelter emissions, and As also originated from other sources such as abandoned mines and waste landfill. Among anthropogenic metals, the horizontal distribution of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn according to the downwind direction and distance from the smelter showed a typical feature of atmospheric deposition (regression model: y = y0 + αe−βx). Lithogenic Fe was used as an indicator, and it revealed the continuous input and accumulation of these four elements in the surrounding soils. Our approach was effective in clearly identifying the sources of metals and analyzing their contamination characteristics. We believe this study will provide useful information to future studies on soil pollution by metals around smelters.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Contamination of planktonic food webs in the Mediterranean Sea: Setting the frame for the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE oceanographic cruise (spring 2019)
2023
Tedetti, Marc | Tronczynski, Jacek | Carlotti, François | Pagano, Marc | Ismail, Sana Ben | Sammari, Cherif | Hassen, Malika Bel | Desboeufs, Karine | Poindron, Charlotte | Zouari, Amel Bellaaj | Abdennadher, Moufida | Amri, Sirine | Bănaru, Daniela | Abdallah, Lotfi Ben | Bhairy, Nagib | Boudriga, Ismail | Bourin, Aude | Brach-Papa, Christophe | Briant, Nicolas | Cabrol, Léa | Chevalier, Cristele | Chifflet, Sandrine | Chouba, Lassaad | Coudray, Sylvain | Yahia, Mohamed Nejib Daly | de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault | Dufour, Aurélie | Dutay, Jean-Claude | Espinasse, Boris | Fierro-González, Pamela | Fornier, Michel | Garcia, Nicole | Jacquet, Stéphanie | Guigue, Catherine | Giner, Franck | Guilloux, Loic | Hamza, Asma | Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric | Knoery, Joel | Lajnef, Rim | Belkahia, Nouha Makhlouf | Malengros, Deny | Martinot, Pauline | Bosse, Anthony | Mazur, Jean-Charles | Meddeb, Marouan | Misson, Benjamin | PRINGAULT, Olivier | Quemeneur, Marianne | Radakovitch, Olivier | Raimbault, Patrick | Ravel, Christophe | Tesán-Onrubia, Javier Angel | Rossi, Vincent | Thomas, Bastien | Rwawi, Chaimaa | Hlaili, Asma Sakka | Thyssen, Melilotus | Zaaboub, Noureddine | Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM) | Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe) ; Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT) | Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) | Qatar University | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Modélisation du climat (CLIM) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT) | Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA) ; Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE) ; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) | Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage] ; Université de Carthage (Tunisie) (UCAR) | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | ANR-19-CE34-0001,CONTAMPUMP,Plancton: pompe biologique de contaminants dans les écosystèmes marins (CONTAMPUMP)?(2019) | ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011)
International audience | This paper looks at experiential feedback and the technical and scientific challenges tied to the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise that took place in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019. This cruise proposes an innovative approach to investigate the accumulation and transfer of inorganic and organic contaminants within the planktonic food webs. We present detailed information on how the cruise worked, including 1) the cruise track and sampling stations, 2) the overall strategy, based mainly on the collection of plankton, suspended particles and water at the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the separation of these particles and planktonic organisms into various size fractions, as well as the collection of atmospheric deposition, 3) the operations performed and material used at each station, and 4) the sequence of operations and main parameters analysed. The paper also provides the main environmental conditions that were prevailing during the campaign. Lastly, we present the types of articles produced based on work completed by the cruise that are part of this special issue.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Contamination of planktonic food webs in the Mediterranean Sea: Setting the frame for the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE oceanographic cruise (spring 2019)
2023
Tedetti, Marc | Tronczynski, Jacek | Carlotti, François | Pagano, Marc | Ismail, Sana Ben | Sammari, Cherif | Hassen, Malika Bel | Desboeufs, Karine | Poindron, Charlotte | Zouari, Amel Bellaaj | Abdennadher, Moufida | Amri, Sirine | Bănaru, Daniela | Abdallah, Lotfi Ben | Bhairy, Nagib | Boudriga, Ismail | Bourin, Aude | Brach-Papa, Christophe | Briant, Nicolas | Cabrol, Léa | Chevalier, Cristele | Chifflet, Sandrine | Chouba, Lassaad | Coudray, Sylvain | Yahia, Mohamed Nejib Daly | de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault | Dufour, Aurélie | Dutay, Jean-Claude | Espinasse, Boris | Fierro-González, Pamela | Fornier, Michel | Garcia, Nicole | Jacquet, Stéphanie | Guigue, Catherine | Giner, Franck | Guilloux, Loic | Hamza, Asma | Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric | Knoery, Joel | Lajnef, Rim | Belkahia, Nouha Makhlouf | Malengros, Deny | Martinot, Pauline | Bosse, Anthony | Mazur, Jean-Charles | Meddeb, Marouan | Misson, Benjamin | Pringault, Olivier | Quemeneur, Marianne | Radakovitch, Olivier | Raimbault, Patrick | Ravel, Christophe | Tesán-Onrubia, Javier Angel | Rossi, Vincent | Thomas, Bastien | Rwawi, Chaimaa | Hlaili, Asma Sakka | Thyssen, Melilotus | Zaaboub, Noureddine | Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM) | Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe) ; Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT) | Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) | Qatar University | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Modélisation du climat (CLIM) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT) | Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA) ; Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE) ; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) | Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage] ; Université de Carthage (Tunisie) (UCAR) | ANR-19-CE34-0001,CONTAMPUMP,Plancton: pompe biologique de contaminants dans les écosystèmes marins (CONTAMPUMP)?(2019) | ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011)
International audience | This paper looks at experiential feedback and the technical and scientific challenges tied to the MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE cruise that took place in the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2019. This cruise proposes an innovative approach to investigate the accumulation and transfer of inorganic and organic contaminants within the planktonic food webs. We present detailed information on how the cruise worked, including 1) the cruise track and sampling stations, 2) the overall strategy, based mainly on the collection of plankton, suspended particles and water at the deep chlorophyll maximum, and the separation of these particles and planktonic organisms into various size fractions, as well as the collection of atmospheric deposition, 3) the operations performed and material used at each station, and 4) the sequence of operations and main parameters analysed. The paper also provides the main environmental conditions that were prevailing during the campaign. Lastly, we present the types of articles produced based on work completed by the cruise that are part of this special issue.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Terrestrial mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric POPs pollution: a review
2013
Harmens, Harry | Foan, Louise | Simon, Valérie | Mills, Gina | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [AQ0816] ; UNECE (Trust Fund) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
International audience | Worldwide there is concern about the continuing release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. In this study we review the application of mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition of POPs. Examples in the literature show that mosses are suitable organisms to monitor spatial patterns and temporal trends of atmospheric concentrations or deposition of POPs. These examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The majority of studies report on PAHs concentrations in mosses and relative few studies have been conducted on other POPs. So far, many studies have focused on spatial patterns around pollution sources or the concentration in mosses in remote areas such as the polar regions, as an indication of long-range transport of POPs. Very few studies have determined temporal trends or have directly related the concentrations in mosses with measured atmospheric concentrations and/or deposition fluxes.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Terrestrial mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric POPs pollution: a review
2013
Harmens, Harry | Foan, Louise | Simon, Valérie | Mills, Gina | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [AQ0816] ; UNECE (Trust Fund) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
International audience | Worldwide there is concern about the continuing release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. In this study we review the application of mosses as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition of POPs. Examples in the literature show that mosses are suitable organisms to monitor spatial patterns and temporal trends of atmospheric concentrations or deposition of POPs. These examples include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The majority of studies report on PAHs concentrations in mosses and relative few studies have been conducted on other POPs. So far, many studies have focused on spatial patterns around pollution sources or the concentration in mosses in remote areas such as the polar regions, as an indication of long-range transport of POPs. Very few studies have determined temporal trends or have directly related the concentrations in mosses with measured atmospheric concentrations and/or deposition fluxes.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Huge quantities of microplastics are “hidden” in the sediment of China's largest urban lake—Tangxun Lake
2022
Shi, Mingming | Li, Rui | Xu, An | Su, Yewang | Hu, Tianpeng | Mao, Yao | Qi, Shihua | Xing, Xinli
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in Tangxun Lake, the largest urban lake in China, was investigated. The average MPs pollution in sediment (1.81 ± 1.75 × 10⁴ items kg⁻¹) is at a high level, while the MPs in lakeshore water (917.77 ± 742.17 items m⁻³) is in the middle to low level compared with existing studies, which is related to the government's protection. Fragments and fibers are the most common shapes in sediment and water, respectively. MPs size <1 mm dominates in the sediment, while the MPs in water has a larger size. The distribution of MPs in the inner lake shows that pellets tend to “hidden” in sediments. Suspected MPs are randomly selected for polymer detection by Micro-Raman microscopy. Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are the most common polymer types in water, sediment and atmospheric deposition MPs samples. The input of wastewater, fishery and surrounding human activities are the main sources of MPs in sediment. Atmospheric deposition has a great impact on the distribution of MPs, while the contribution of surface runoff to lake MPs is not remarkable. In addition, MPs in sediments have exceeded the environmental carrying capacity. More attention should be focused on the sediment, where huge amounts of MPs are “hidden”.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Fate of microplastics in agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge: Is surface water runoff a relevant environmental pathway?
2022
Schell, Theresa | Hurley, Rachel | Buenaventura, Nina T. | Mauri, Pedro V. | Nizzetto, Luca | Rico, Andreu | Vighi, M.
Sewage sludge used as agricultural fertilizer has been identified as an important source of microplastics (MPs) to the environment. However, the fate of MPs added to agricultural soils is largely unknown. This study investigated the fate of MPs in agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge and the role of surface water runoff as a mechanism driving their transfer to aquatic ecosystems. This was assessed using three experimental plots located in a semi-arid area of Central Spain, which were planted with barley. The experimental plots received the following treatments: (1) control or no sludge application; (2) historical sludge application, five years prior to the experiment; and (3) sludge application at the beginning of the experiment. MPs were analyzed in surface water runoff and in different soil layers to investigate transport and infiltration for one year. The sewage sludge used in our experiment contained 5972–7771 MPs/kg dw. Based on this, we estimated that about 16,000 MPs were added to the agricultural plot amended with sludge. As expected, the sludge application significantly increased the MP concentration in soils. The control plot contained low MP concentrations (31–120 MPs kg⁻¹ dw), potentially originating from atmospheric deposition. The plot treated five years prior to the experiment contained 226–412 and 177–235 MPs kg⁻¹ dw at the start and end of the experiment, respectively; while the recently treated plot contained 182–231 and 138–288 MPs kg⁻¹ dw. Our study shows that MP concentrations remain relatively constant in agricultural soils and that the MP infiltration capacity is very low. Surface water runoff had a negligible influence on the export of MPs from agricultural soils, mobilizing only 0.2–0.4% of the MPs added with sludge. We conclude that, in semi-arid regions, agricultural soils can be considered as long-term accumulators of MPs.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Inorganic and methylated mercury dynamics in estuarine water of a salt marsh in Massachusetts, USA
2022
Wang, Ting | Obrist, Daniel
Salt marsh estuaries serve as sources and sinks for nutrients and elements to and from estuarine water, which enhances and alleviates watershed fluxes to the coastal ocean. We assessed sources and sinks of mercury in the intertidal Plum Island Sound estuary in Massachusetts, the largest salt marsh estuary of New England, using 25-km spatial water sampling transects. Across all seasons, dissolved (FHg) and total (THg) mercury concentrations in estuarine water were highest and strongly enhanced in upper marshes (1.31 ± 0.20 ng L⁻¹ and 6.56 ± 3.70 ng L⁻¹, respectively), compared to riverine Hg concentrations (0.86 ± 0.17 ng L⁻¹ and 0.88 ± 0.34 ng L⁻¹, respectively). Mercury concentrations declined from upper to lower marshes and were lowest in ocean water (0.38 ± 0.10 ng L⁻¹ and 0.56 ± 0.25 ng L⁻¹, respectively). Conservative mixing models using river and ocean water as endmembers indicated that internal estuarine Hg sources strongly enhanced estuarine water Hg concentrations. For FHg, internal estuarine Hg contributions were estimated at 26 g yr⁻¹ which enhanced Hg loads from riverine sources to the ocean by 44%. For THg, internal sources amounted to 251 g yr⁻¹ and exceeded riverine sources six-fold. Proposed sources for internal estuarine mercury contributions include atmospheric deposition to the large estuarine surface area and sediment re-mobilization, although sediment Hg concentrations were low (average 23 ± 2 μg kg⁻¹) typical of uncontaminated sediments. Soil mercury concentrations under vegetation, however, were ten times higher (average 200 ± 225 μg kg⁻¹) than in intertidal sediments suggesting that high soil Hg accumulation might drive lateral export of Hg to the ocean. Spatial transects of methylated Hg (MeHg) showed no concentration enhancements in estuarine water and no indication of internal MeHg sources or formation. Initial mass balance considerations suggest that atmospheric deposition may either be in similar magnitude, or possibly exceed lateral tidal export which would be consistent with strong Hg accumulation observed in salt marsh soils sequestering Hg from current and past atmospheric deposition.
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