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Monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in urban soil, compost and vegetation.
1995
Niederer M. | Maschka Selig A. | Hohl C.
A long-term field experiment confirms the necessity of improving biowaste sorting to decrease coarse microplastic inputs in compost amended soils
2022
Colombini, Gabin | Rumpel, Cornelia | Houot, Sabine | Biron, Philippe | Dignac, Marie-France | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011)
International audience | Microplastic (MP) input into agroecosystems is of particular concern as their sources are diverse (mulching films, biosolid application, wastewater irrigation, flooding, atmospheric input, road runoff). Compost application, which is needed to sustain soil ecosystem services in the context of a circular economy, may be a source of microplastics. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different composts derived from urban wastes impact the nature and quantity of coarse (2-5 mm) microplastics (CMP) in soils, using a long-term field experiment in France. Composts resulting from different levels of urban waste sorting were investigated. Our approach included the isolation of microplastics from composts and amended soils followed by their characterization using pyrolysis GC/MS spectrometry. We found that coarse microplastic concentrations varied from 26.9 to 417 kg per hectare depending on the compost type, after 22 years of bi-annual application. These values may be higher than for conventional agricultural practices, as application rate was twice as high as for normal practices. Composts made from municipal solid waste were by far the organic amendments leading to the highest quantity of plastic particles in soils, emphasizing the urgent need for limiting plastic use in packaging and for improving household biowaste sorting. Our results strongly suggest that standards regulating organic matter amendment application should take microplastics into account in order to prevent contamination of (agricultural) soils. Moreover, although no impacts on the soil bio-physico-chemical parameters has been noted so far. However, given the huge microplastic inputs, there is an urgent need to better evaluate their effect on soil functioning.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Assessment of aided phytostabilization of copper-contaminated soil by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical extractions
2011
Kumpiene, Jurate | Mench, Michel | Bes, Clémence | Fitts, Jeffrey P. | Luleå University of Technology = Luleå Tekniska Universitet (LUT) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL) ; UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU) ; State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)
International audience | Field plots were established at a timber treatment site to evaluate remediation of Cu contaminated topsoils with aided phytostabilization. Soil containing 2600 mg kg−1 Cu was amended with a combination of 5 wt% compost and 2 wt% iron grit, and vegetated. Sequential extraction was combined with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to correlate changes in Cu distribution across five fractions with changes in the predominant Cu compounds two years after treatment in parallel treated and untreated field plots. Exchangeable Cu dominated untreated soil, most likely as Cu(II) species non-specifically bound to natural organic matter. The EXAFS spectroscopic results are consistent with the sequential extraction results, which show a major shift in Cu distribution as a result of soil treatment to the fraction bound to poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides forming binuclear inner-sphere complexes.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Direct and indirect impact of sewage sludge compost spreading on Quercus coccifera monoterpene emissions in a Mediterranean shrubland
2011
Olivier, Romain | Staudt, Michael | Lavoir, Anne-Violette | Ormeño, Elena | Rizvi, Syed Hussain | Baldy, Virginie | Rivoal, Annabelle | Greff, Stephane | Lecareux, Caroline | Fernandez, Catherine | Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP) ; Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
International audience | Compost spreading in Mediterranean shrublands has no strong short-term effect on Q. coccifera monoterpene emissions at leaf level. a b s t r a c t Monoterpene emissions of Quercus coccifera L. were repeatedly measured during the two years following the spreading of a sewage sludge compost at rates of 50 Mg ha À1 and 100 Mg ha À1 , in a twelve-year-old post-fire Mediterranean shrubland. We also monitored the patterns of change in soil and leaf nutrient content, plant water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant growth. Compost spreading resulted in weak changes in leaf nutrient content and plant water status, and therefore no significant effect on monoterpene emissions at leaf scale, except during one summer sampling, probably related to advanced leaf maturity with the highest compost rate. However, compost increased plant growth, particularly the leaf biomass. The results suggest that compost spreading in Mediterranean shrublands has no strong short-term effect on Q. coccifera monoterpene emissions at leaf level, but may indirectly increase volatile organic compound fluxes at the stand scale, which may contribute to regional ozone pollution.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Leaching and degradation of S-Metolachlor in undisturbed soil cores amended with organic wastes
2022
Dollinger, Jeanne | Bourdat-Deschamps, Marjolaine | Pot, Valérie | Serre, Valentin | Bernet, Nathalie | Deslarue, Ghislaine | Montes, Mélanie | Capowiez, Line | Michel, Eric | Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | The study was funded by the French Agency for Research (ANR) in the framework of the DIGESTATE project, grant number ANR-15-CE34-0003-01.Document Information | ANR-15-CE34-0003,DIGESTATE,Diagnostic des traitements des déchets et comportement des contaminants dans l'environnement(2015)
International audience | Organic waste (OW) reuse in agriculture is a common practice fostered by benefits in terms of waste recycling and crop production. However, OW amendments potentially affect the fate of pesticide spread on fields to protect the crops from pests and weeds. The influence of OW on the sorption, degradation, and leaching of pesticides is generally studied for each mechanism separately under artificial laboratory conditions. Our study aims at evaluating the balance of these mechanisms under more realistic conditions to clarify the influence of three common OW amendments on the fate, in soil, of the widely used herbicide S-Metolachlor. We performed leaching experiments in large undisturbed soil cores amended with raw sewage sludge, composted sludge, and digested pig slurry (digestate), respectively. We monitored S-Metolachlor and its two main metabolites MET-OA and MET-ESA in the leachates during a succession of 10 rainfall events over 126 days. We also quantified the remaining S-Metolachlor and metabolites in the soil at the end of the experiments. S-Metolachlor leaching didn't exceed 0.1% of the applied dose with or without OW amendment. Despite a soil organic carbon increase of 3 to 32%, OW amendments did not significantly affect the amount of S-Metolachlor that leached through the soil (0.01 to 0.1%) nor its transformation rate (6.0 to 8.6%). However, it affected the degradation pathways with an increase of MET-OA relative to MET-ESA formed after OW amendment (28 to 54%) compared to the controls (8%). Concentration of S- Metolachlor and metabolites in the leachates of all treatments greatly exceeded the regulatory limit for groundwater intended for human consumption in Europe. These high concentrations were probably the consequence of preferential macropore flow. Colloids had comparable levels in the leachates after S-Metolachlor application. Dissolved organic carbon was also comparable in the controls, digestate, and sludge treatments but was 65% higher in the compost-amended cores. These results, along with a great variability among replicates inherent to experiments performed under realistic conditions, partly explain the limited impact of OW on the transport of S-Metolachlor.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Sustainable utilization of biowaste compost for renewable energy and soil amendments
2020
Chia, Wen Yi | Chew, Kit Wayne | Le, Cheng Foh | Lam, Su Shiung | Chee, Chelsea Siew Chyi | Ooi, Mae See Luan | Show, Pau Loke
Acceleration of urbanization and industrialization has resulted in the drastic rise of waste generation with majority of them being biowaste. This constitutes a global challenge since conventional waste management methods (i.e., landfills) present environmental issues including greenhouse gases emissions, leachate formation and toxins release. A sustainable and effective approach to treat biowaste is through composting. Various aspects of composting such as compost quality, composting systems and compost pelletization are summarized in this paper. Common application of compost as fertilizer or soil amendment is presented with focus on the low adoption level of organic waste compost in reality. Rarely known, compost which is easily combustible can be utilized to generate electricity. With the analysis on critical approaches, this review aims to provide a comprehensive study on energy content of compost pellets, which has never been reviewed before. Environmental impacts and future prospects are also highlighted to provide further insights on application of this technology to close the loop of circular bioeconomy.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Adding a complex microbial agent twice to the composting of laying-hen manure promoted doxycycline degradation with a low risk on spreading tetracycline resistance genes
2020
Liang, Jiadi | Jin, Yiman | Wen, Xin | Mi, Jiandui | Wu, Yinbao
Poultry manure is a reservoir for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes and composting is an effective biological treatment for manure. This study explored the effect of using two methods of adding a complex microbial agent to the composting of laying-hen manure on doxycycline degradation and tetracycline resistance genes elimination. The results showed that incorporating a complex microbial agent at 0.8% (w/w) on the 0ᵗʰ and 11th day (group MT2) effectively degraded doxycycline with a final degradation rate of 46.83 ± 0.55%. The half-life of doxycycline in this group was 21.90 ± 0.00 days and was significantly lower than that of group MT1 (1.6% (w/w) complex microbial agent added on the 0ᵗʰ day) and group DT (compost without complex microbial agent). But there was no significant difference in the final degradation rate of doxycycline between group DT and group MT1. The addictive with the complex microbial agent changed the microbial community structure. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla during composting. Aerococcus, Desemzia, Facklamia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Trichococcus were the bacteria related to the degradation of doxycycline. Moreover, the incorporation of a complex microbial agent could decrease the risk on spreading tetracycline resistance genes. The single addition promoted the elimination of tetM, whose possible hosts were Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Trichococcus. Adding the complex microbial agent twice promoted the elimination of tetX, which was related to the low abundance of Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium and Neptunomonas in group MT2. Redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial community, residual doxycycline and physiochemical properties have a potential effect on the variation in tetracycline resistance genes levels. Overall, adding the complex microbial agent twice is an effective measure to degrade doxycycline.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Biodegradation of nonylphenol during aerobic composting of sewage sludge under two intermittent aeration treatments in a full-scale plant
2018
Zheng, Guodi | Wang, Tieyu | Niu, Mingjie | Chen, Xijuan | Liu, Changli | Wang, Yuewei | Chen, Tongbin
The urbanization and industrialization of cities around the coastal region of the Bohai Sea have produced large amounts of sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants. Research on the biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) and the influencing factors of such biodegradation during sewage sludge composting is important to control pollution caused by land application of sewage sludge. The present study investigated the effect of aeration on NP biodegradation and the microbe community during aerobic composting under two intermittent aeration treatments in a full-scale plant of sewage sludge, sawdust, and returned compost at a ratio of 6:3:1. The results showed that 65% of NP was biodegraded and that Bacillus was the dominant bacterial species in the mesophilic phase. The amount of NP biodegraded in the mesophilic phase was 68.3%, which accounted for 64.6% of the total amount of biodegraded NP. The amount of NP biodegraded under high-volume aeration was 19.6% higher than that under low-volume aeration. Bacillus was dominant for 60.9% of the composting period under high-volume aeration, compared to 22.7% dominance under low-volume aeration. In the thermophilic phase, high-volume aeration promoted the biodegradation of NP and Bacillus remained the dominant bacterial species. In the cooling and stable phases, the contents of NP underwent insignificant change while different dominant bacteria were observed in the two treatments. NP was mostly biodegraded by Bacillus, and the rate of biodegradation was significantly correlated with the abundance of Bacillus (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). Under aeration, Bacillus remained the dominant bacteria, especially in the thermal phase; this phenomenon possibly increased the biodegradation efficiency of NP. High-volume aeration accelerated the activity and prolonged the survival of Bacillus. The risk of organic pollution could be decreased prior to sewage sludge reuse in soil by adjusting the ventilation strategies of aerobic compost measurements.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Enhanced degradation of 14C-HCB in two tropical clay soils using multiple anaerobic–aerobic cycles
2013
Kengara, Fredrick Orori | Doerfler, Ulrike | Welzl, Gerhard | Rüth, Bernhard | Munch, Jean Charles | Schroll, Reiner
The aim of the study was to induce and enhance the degradation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a highly-chlorinated persistent organic pollutant, in two ecologically different tropical soils: a paddy soil (PS) and a non-paddy soil (FS). The degradation of HCB was enhanced using two anaerobic–aerobic cycles in model laboratory experiments. There was greater degradation of HCB in the PS (half-life of 224 days) relative to the FS (half-life of 286 days). It was further shown that soils amended with compost had higher metabolite concentrations relative to the non-amended soils. In the first cycle, there was little degradation of HCB in both soils. However, in the second cycle, there was enhanced mineralization in the PS under aerobic conditions, with the compost-treated samples showing higher mineralization. There was also extensive volatilization in both soils. The metabolite pattern revealed that the increased mineralization and volatilization was due to the formation of lower chlorinated benzenes.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants in food waste management for soil application: A review
2022
O'Connor, James | Mickan, Bede S. | Siddique, Kadambot H.M. | Rinklebe, Jörg | Kirkham, M.B. | Bolan, Nanthi S.
Currently, 1.3 billion tonnes of food are thrown away each year, most of which are incinerated or landfilled causing large environmental, social, and economic issues. Therefore, the utilisation of food waste as biofertilisers, such as composts and digestates, is a solution to reduce the problems created by incineration and landfilling whilst simultaneously amending soils. The improper disposal of food wastes and bulking materials can contribute to high levels of contaminants within the end-product. Moreover, the food waste and bulking materials, themselves, may contain trace amounts of contaminants. These contaminants tend to have long half-lives, are easily mobile within soil and plants, can accumulate within the food supply chain, and have moderate to high levels of toxicity. This review aims to examine the current and emerging contaminants of high concern that impact the quality of food-waste fertilisers. The paper presents the volume of current and emerging contaminants of plastics, other physical (particulate) contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and pathogens within food-waste composts and digestates. Due to the large extent of organic chemical contaminants and the unknown level of toxicity and persistence, the risk assessment of organic chemical contaminants in the food-supply chain remains largely unknown. This study has presented available data from literature of various contaminants found in food waste, and composts and digestates derived from food waste, and evaluated the data with current regulations globally. Overall, to reduce contaminants in composts and digestates, more studies are required on the implementation of proper disposal separation, effective composting and digestion practices, increased screening of physical contaminants, development of compostable plastics, and increased regulatory policies on emerging, problematic contaminants. Moreover, examination of emerging contaminants in food-waste composts and digestates is needed to ensure food security and reduce future human-health risks.
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