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Comparison of pesticide contamination between captive-reared and wild grey partridges: insights into environmental exposure disparities
2024
Bariod, Léa | Gaffard, Agathe | Rodrigues, Anaïs | Millet, Maurice | Bretagnolle, Vincent | Pays, Olivier | Monceau, Karine | Moreau, Jérôme | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES) ; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE) ; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre (LTSER - LTER) ; LTSER Réseau des Zones Ateliers (RZA) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Biodiversité dans l’Anthropocène - Dynamique, Fonction & Gestion (BIODIVAG) ; Université d'Angers (UA) | Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth] | Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS) ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | This research was funded by the French National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) | the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) | the BioBird project funded by the regional government of Nouvelle-Aquitaine | the French National Program EC2CO (Ecosphère Continentale et Côtière)
International audience | Pesticide contamination is often cited as a key factor in the global decline of farmland birds. However, the majority of studies on pesticide exposure in non-target fauna are not representative of what happens in nature because they are limited to artificial conditions. The aim of this study was to define and compare, for the first time, pesticide contamination in grey partridges (Perdix perdix) from two different contexts, i.e., captivity vs. the wild. Blood samples taken from 35 captive and 54 wild partridges in 2021-2022 were analysed for 94 pesticides most commonly used in French agriculture. Captive partridges had 29 molecules detected in their blood (12 herbicides, 14 fungicides, and three insecticides) compared to wild partridges, which had 50 molecules (13 herbicides, 23 fungicides, and 14 insecticides). Of these pesticide compounds found in individuals, 26 were banned. Captive partridges had significantly fewer pesticide molecules than wild partridges, with one to 14 pesticides per captive individual and 8 to 20 pesticides per wild individual. Nineteen molecules were common to both groups, with concentrations up to three times higher in wild partridges than in captive partridges. Our results thus show multiple exposures for most of our individuals, especially in wild partridges, which can lead to cocktail effects, which are never considered. Furthermore, the difference in contamination between the wild and captive partridges reflects the multiple routes of contamination in nature, in particular, due to the use of a wide range of habitats by wild partridges.
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