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Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat-II. Nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn)
1997
Fangmeier, A. | Gruters, U. | Hogy, P. | Vermehren, B. | Jager, H.J. (Institut fur Pflanzenokologie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38, D-35392 Giessen (Germany))
Seasonal variability of total and easily leachable element contents in topsoils (0-5 cm) from eight catchments in the European Arctic (Finland, Norway and Russia)
1997
Niskavaara, H. | Reimann, C. | Chekushin, V. | Kashulina, G. (Geological Survey of Finland, PO Box 77, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi (Finland))
Use of mosses (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) as biomonitors of heavy metal deposition: from relative to absolute deposition values
1997
Berg, T. | Steinnes, E. (Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Pb. 100, N-2007 Kjeller (Norway))
Substance flows through the economy and environment of a region : Part I: Systems definition(ESPR 2 (2) 90–96 (1995) Part II: Modelling(ESPR 2 (3) 137–144 (1995)
1997
van der Voet, Ester | Kleijn, René | van Oers, Lauran | Heijungs, Reinout | Huele, Ruben | Mulder, Paul
In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method is presented. SFA aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding single substances or coherent groups of substances. This article is dedicated to the presentation of a threestep general framework for SFA-type studies, and elaborates on its first step the systems definition. Attention is given to the definition of the external and internal system boundaries, the categorization of the system’s elements, aspects of materials choice, time, and space, and how these depend on the aim of the conducted study. Moreover, a broader discussion is started on the need for standardization of materials flow studies in general.In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method and its software tool SFINX are presented. SFA aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding single substances or coherent groups of substances. Three modelling techniques and their possibilities and limitations are discussed: Bookkeeping, static modelling, and dynamic modelling. The computer program SFINX can be used for varoius purposes: (1) to obtain an overview of stocks and flows of a substance in, out and through a nation’s economy and environment for a specific year, (2) to trace the origins of specific pollution problems, and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of certain abatement measures. Each application has its own requirements with regard to data and modelling.
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