This paper explores long-run and causal effects of financial development, real growth, urbanization, gross capital formation and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Thailand by utilizing recent econometric techniques. The study employs ARDL technique to examine the long and short run interconnection between CO2 emissions and the regressors. Furthermore, we employ the FMOLS, DOLS and CCR as a robustness check to the ARDL long-run estimator. The study use time-series data spanning from 1971 to 2016. The study also utilizes the wavelet coherence technique to collect information on the association and causal interrelationship among these economic variables at different frequencies and timeframes in Thailand. The study objectives are structured to answer the following questions: (a) does the selected macroeconomic indicators impact CO2 emissions in Thailand? (b) if so, why? Findings reveal; (i) Negative and insignificant link between CO2 emissions and urbanization. (ii) GDP growth affects CO2 emissions positively. (iii) The interconnection between CO2 emissions and energy usage is positive. (iv) Gross capital formation impact CO2 emissions positively. (v) Positive interconnection exists between financial development and CO2 emissions in Thailand. Additionally, the wavelet coherence result provides a supportive evidence for the ARDL long run result. Based on these findings, policy directions were suggested.

Though, the attention of researchers on exploring the impact of economic policy uncertainty on carbon emissions is on increase, however, the impact of different types of economic policy uncertainty remains unexplored. Thus, this study investigates the impact of different types of economic policy uncertainty on carbon emissions in Japan. A monthly data from 1987M1 to 2019M12 was used, while the FMOLS, DOLS, CCR and ARDL estimators were employed for examining the cointegration among the variables, as well as the long- and short-run relationship between types of economic policy uncertainty and carbon emissions. The study findings revealed a long-run cointegration among energy consumption, per capita income, fiscal, exchange rate, monetary, and trade policy uncertainties and carbon emissions. Moreover, this study found energy consumption, exchange rate, monetary, and trade policy uncertainties to contribute significantly to the increase of carbon emissions in Japan. Finally, this study suggests that environmental policy makers in Japan should take into account the economic policy uncertainty so as to promote robust information for climate policy that will be targeted at ameliorating the carbon emissions in Japan.