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Water quality, phosphorus input reductions, analytical methods and lake internal/self-purification measures: a case study of Lake Froylandsvatn, Norway.
1994
Bratli J.L.
Chronic toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca; importance of ammonium ion and water hardness
1994
Borgmann, U. (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6 (Canada))
The large-scale flux of nutrients from land to water and the eutrophication of lakes and marine waters
1994
Forsberg, C. (Institute of Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvag. 20, 752 36, Uppsala (Sweden))
Surfactant solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in soil and water. 1. Dodecylsulphate monomer and micellar partition coefficients for 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (41)
1994
Rahman, M.S. (Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka (Bangladesh). Inst. of Food and Radiation Biology) | Paya-Perez, A.B. | Skejo-Andresen, H. | Larsen, B.R.
Reductions in the apparent soil-water partition coefficients (K(d)* ) for 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) caused by the surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in the aqueous phase were studied. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant, K(d)* was reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude, but even far below CMC at environmentally relevant surfacant concentrations significant reductions in Kd3 were observed. The plot of the soil-water partition coefficient (K(d)) divided by K(d)* versus the concentration of SDS allowed for the calculation of monomer (K(mn)(oc)) and micellar (K(mc)(oc)) surfactant-water parrition coefficients normalized to organic carbon for each PCB congener. K(mn)(oc) values were comparable with published values for the partition of PCBs between natural dissolved organic matter and lake water. K(mc)(oc) values were up to 30 times higher than K(mn)(oc) values and comparable with published octanol-water distribution coefficients. The findings of the present study underline the potential of surfactants at concentrations below their CMC to mobilize otherwise strongly bound hydrophobic compounds in soil-water systems.
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