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Review of plants to mitigate particulate matter, ozone as well as nitrogen dioxide air pollutants and applicable recommendations for green roofs in Montreal, Quebec
2018
Gourdji, Shannon
In urbanized regions with expansive impervious surfaces and often low vegetation cover, air pollution due to motor vehicles and other combustion sources, is a problem. The poor air quality days in Montreal, Quebec are mainly due to fine particulate matter and ozone. Businesses using wood ovens are a source of particulates. Careful vegetation selection and increased green roof usage can improve air quality. This paper reviews different green roofs and the capability of plants in particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3) as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level reductions. Both the recommended green roof category and plants to reduce these pollutants in Montreal's zone 5 hardiness region are provided. Green roofs with larger vegetation including shrubs and trees, or intensive green roofs, remove air pollutants to a greater extent and are advisable to implement on existing, retrofitted or new buildings. PM is most effectively captured by pines. The small Pinus strobus ‘Nana’, Pinus mugho var. pumilio, Pinus mugho ‘Slowmound’ and Pinus pumila ‘Dwarf Blue’ are good candidates for intensive green roofs. Drought tolerant, deciduous broadleaved trees with low biogenic volatile organic compound emissions including Japanese Maple or Acer palmatum ‘Shaina’ and ‘Mikawa-Yatsubusa’ are options to reduce O3 levels. Magnolias are tolerant to NO2 and it is important in their metabolic pathways. The small cold-tolerant Magnolia ‘Genie’ is a good option to remove NO2 in urban settings and to indirectly reduce O3 formation. Given the emissions by Montreal businesses' wood ovens, calculations performed based on their respective complex roof areas obtained via Google Earth Pro indicates 88% Pinus mugho var. pumilio roof coverage can annually remove 92.37 kg of PM10 of which 35.10 kg is PM2.5. The removal rates are 4.00 g/m2 and 1.52 g/m2 for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. This paper provides insight to addressing air pollution through urban rooftop greening.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone air pollution on US forests
2007
Karnosky, D.F. | Skelly, J.M. | Percy, K.E. | Chappelka, A.H.
Tropospheric ozone (O3) was first determined to be phytotoxic to grapes in southern California in the 1950s. Investigations followed that showed O3 to be the cause of foliar symptoms on tobacco and eastern white pine. In the 1960s, “X” disease of ponderosa pines within the San Bernardino Mountains was likewise determined to be due to O3. Nearly 50 years of research have followed. Foliar O3 symptoms have been verified under controlled chamber conditions. Studies have demonstrated negative growth effects on forest tree seedlings due to season-long O3 exposures, but due to complex interactions within forest stands, evidence of similar losses within mature tree canopies remains elusive. Investigations on tree growth, O3 flux, and stand productivity are being conducted along natural O3 gradients and in open-air exposure systems to better understand O3 effects on forest ecosystems. Given projected trends in demographics, economic output and climate, O3 impacts on US forests will continue and are likely to increase. Elevated tropospheric ozone remains an important phytotoxic air pollutant over large areas of US forests.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effect of sodium chloride on tree seedlings in two potting media
1984
Townsend, A.M. (USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nursery Crops Research Laboratory, Delaware, OH 43015 (USA))
Evidence for trans-cuticular uptake of HNO(3) vapor by foliage of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)
1989
Marshall, J.D. | Cadle, S.H. (Environmental Science Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090-9055 (USA))
Watershed-scale responses to ozone events in a Pinus strobus L. plantation
1990
Swank, W.T. (Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Otto, NC (USA). Coweeta Hydrologic Lab.) | Vose, J.M.
Air-pollution-induced foliar injury to natural populations of jack and white pine in a chronically polluted environment
1987
Armentano, T.V. (Butler Univ., Indianapolis, IN (USA). Holcomb Research Inst.) | Menges, E.S.
The effects of wet deposition chemistry on reproductive processes in two pine species: apparent pollination effectiveness in relation to species pollen sensitivity
1992
Cox, R.M. (Forestry Canada Maritimes Region, Fredericton, N.B. (Canada). H.J.F. Forestry Centre)
Effect of air pollution on Pinus strobus L. and genetic resistance
1977
Gerhold, Henry D.