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Conceptual and practical aspects of risk assessment and testing of soil and inorganic residues prior to utilization
2000
Hjelmar, O. | Lehmann, N.K.J. | Holm, P.E.
Multidimensional risk analysis of antifouling biocides
2000
Ranke, Johannes | Jastorff, Bernd
In order to improve the orientation about the long-term sustainability of the use of the antifouling biocides tributyltin (TBT), copper, Irgarol® 1051, Sea-Nine™ 211 and zinc pyrithione, used for the protection of fouling in sea-going ships, the risks posed to the marine biosphere due to their use are evaluated. The newly presented method of risk analysis uses release rate, spatiotemporal range, bioaccumulation, bioactivity and uncertainty as 5 dimensions of ecotoxicological risk. For each dimension, a scoring procedure is briefly described. The resulting risk profiles of the antifouling biocides show characteristics of the different substances, but also indicate where further information is required. Application of the method is proposed as a decision support in the integrated development of products, informed purchasing and for regulatory purposes.
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