Affiner votre recherche
Résultats 1-10 de 24
Volatile organic compounds in urban rivers and their estuaries in Osaka, Japan.
1997
Yamamoto K. | Fukushima M. | Kakutani N. | Kuroda K.
Assessment of trace metal air pollution in Paris using slurry-TXRF analysis on cemetery mosses
2016
Natali, Marco | Zanella, Augusto | Rankovic, Aleksandar | Banas, Damien | Cantaluppi, Chiara | Abbadie, Luc | Lata, Jean -Christophe | Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE-CNR) | Agripolis, Department TESAF ; Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations ; Sciences Po (Sciences Po) | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry ; Tomsk Polytechnic University [Russie] (UPT)
Mosses are useful, ubiquitous accumulation biomonitors and as such can be used for biomonitoring surveys. However, the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution can be compromised in urban contexts if the targeted biomonitors are regularly disturbed, irregularly distributed, or are difficult to access. Here, we test the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled mosses growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. We focused on Grimmia pulvinata (Hedwig) Smith, a species abundantly found in all studied cemeteries and very common in Europe. The concentration of Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, V, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, and Zn was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method (slurry-TXRF). This method avoids a digestion step, reduces the risk of sample contamination, and works even at low sample quantities. Elemental markers of road traffic indicated that the highest polluted cemeteries were located near the highly frequented Parisian ring road and under the influence of prevailing winds. The sites with the lowest pollution were found not only in the peri-urban cemeteries, adjoining forest or farming landscapes, but also in the large and relatively wooded cemeteries located in the center of Paris.Our results suggest that (1) slurry-TXRF might be successfully used with moss material, (2) G. pulvinata might be a good biomonitor of trace metals air pollution in urban context, and (3) cemetery moss sampling could be a useful complement for monitoring urban areas. Graphical abstract We tested the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled 110 moss cushions (Grimmia pulvinata) growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. The concentration of 20 elements in mosses was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method. Statistical analysis revealed that: - Urbanized Parisian areas crossed by traffic roads have the highest polluted cemeteries with a strong influence of main wind direction on the distribution of air pollutants - As expected, small cemeteries with low tree density were heavily polluted - Less obvious, large green spaces such as large cemeteries (Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse) in the center of a dense metropolis like Paris present the same level of atmospheric trace metal pollution as cemeteries in less urbanized areas or nearing a very large forest.This suggests that even in densely urbanized areas, there is more spatial variability in pollution distribution than usually assumed and that large urban areas with low traffic and green filters such as trees are likely to intercept air pollutants.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Plant bioindication of urban pollution by ozone: the example of Nancy (France) during summer 1996. | Bioindication vegetale de l'ozone dans l'agglomeration nanceenne durant l'ete 1996.
1997
Garrec, J.P. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Champenoux (France). Centre de Nancy, Pollution Atmospherique) | Livertoux, M.H.
L'evaluation des risques pour la sante et l'environnement lies a differents types d'exposition tels que la pollution de l'air, necessite d'elargir les activites de surveillance de l'environnement. En milieu urbain, le trafic automobile devient la principale source d'emission de polluants entrainant dans les periodes de fort ensoleillement l'elevation des niveaux l'ozone qui peuvent quelquefois depasser les valeurs reglementaires. Il est donc important de connaitre sa distribution au niveau d'une agglomeration. L'utilisation d'un bioindicateur vegetal, le tabac Bel-W3, particulierement sensible a l'ozone, a permis d'etudier et de realiser la cartographie des differents niveaux d'ozone en juin, juillet et aout 1996 sur la Communaute Urbaine du Grand Nancy. En juin, periode caracteristique d'ensoleillement prolonge accompagnee d'un trafic urbain dense, l'etude cartographique montre une repartition concentrique autour du noyau urbain. La presence d'ozone la plus elevee se rencontre a la peripherie de l'agglomeration, particulierement au nord-est de Nancy-ville, ou le panache de pollution de la ville se deplace sous l'influence des vents dominants, et a l'ouest ou le relief accentue favorise l'accumulation de polluants.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]1992 air quality in French urban, industrial and rural areas
1994
Stroebel, R. (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie, Paris (France))
Some data about the global pollution (fluorine pollution particularly) in Annaba area (Algeria)
1993
Semadi, A. (Universite de Annaba (Algerie). Institut des sciences de la Nature)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Estonian soil: contamination and profiles
1999
Trapido, M. (Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Chemistry at Tallinn Technical University, 15 Akadeemia tee, 12618 Tallinn (Estonia))
Urban woodlands: their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution
1998
Beckett, K.P. | Freer-Smith, P.H. | Taylor, G. (School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QG (United Kingdom))
Observations of ozone-induced foliar injury on black cherry (Prunus serotina, var. capuli) within the Desierto de Los Leones National Park, Mexico City
1997
Skelly, J.M. | Savage, J.E. | Bauer, M. de L. de | Alvarado, D. (Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (USA))
Assessment of trace metal distribution and contamination in surface soils of Hong Kong
1997
Chen, T.B. | Wong, J.W.C. | Zhou, H.Y. | Wong, M.H. (Station for Agroecology and Environmental Technology, Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Datun Road, Beijing 100101 (China))
Change in the dendrochemistry of sacred fir close to Mexico City over the past 100 years
1999
Watmough, S.A. | Hutchinson, T.C. (ERS Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8 (Canada))