The residual dye within the soil from the synthetic dye manufacturing and fabric industries is a global state of affairs. The discharge consists of an excessive content of pigments and other components, creating complicated structures. It leads to damage to the soil structure and its fertility. Amid existing amputation methods, microbial remediation takes significant consideration owing to its subordinate charge, sophisticated proficiency, and fewer influences on the milieu. The current study was premeditated for the seclusion and portrayal of azo dye- dye-decolorizing bacteria, which is a criterion for emerging a microorganism-facilitated treatment of adulterating dyes. In this present investigation, twenty sorts of bacteria that were talented to decolorize seven kinds of azo dyes (Crystal Violet, Methylene Blue, Safranine, Congo Red, Methyl Orange, Malachite Green, and Carbol Fuchsin) were isolated from dye-polluted soil from the dying industry near the railway station; in Calicut. Based on 16S rDNA scrutiny, the most resourceful decolourizing bacteria for these azo dyes was identified as Priestia megaterium strain NRBC 15308. After characterization, Priestia megaterium was found to be optimally nurtured at 35°C, on a pH of 7, with a 1.5% glucose concentration in a minimal salt medium. 100% decolorization of a 6% dye solution was found at optimal conditions by Priestia megaterium. Priestia megaterium can decolorize cotton and gauze suspended in the dye solution in 24 hours. Bioremediation studies with the isolate proved that the inhibition effect of the dye solution on seed germination could be removed by the application of Prestia megaterium. The isolation of Priestia megaterium strain NRBC 15308 as a dye-degrading bacterium holds immense promise for remediating dye-contaminated soil.

Microbially contaminated objects used in everyday life have been shown to impact human health by harboring infections through direct or indirect contact. For this reason, the development of alternative methods for bacterial elimination that do not lead to resistant microorganisms, large quantities of residues, or human cytotoxicity is warranted. Due to their proven bactericidal power, the use of electromagnetic waves lower than ultraviolet-C radiation would constitute a possible alternative. The main aim of this research was to determine the effect of 462 nm radiation emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the most frequent bacteria contaminating everyday objects and surfaces in residential and hospital environments. The rationale behind the selection of this specific frequency within the blue light spectrum, in contrast to previous research exploring the application of higher frequencies, was its safety for individuals’ eyes and skin. The findings suggest that the use of low-frequency blue light can be effective in destroying environmental microorganisms stemming from the skin microbiome and mucous membranes, and even fecal bacteria, present in the surfaces of everyday objects such as inter alia, mobile phones, remote controls, credit cards, and of which some present high antibiotic resistance.

This study aims to develop a comprehensive flood hazard map for effective hazard management in the Noa river basin, located in Assam, India, through the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The MaxEnt machine learning algorithm was employed, utilizing eight selected geographic and environmental parameters as predictors to generate the flood hazard map. The accuracy of the generated map was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) metric. Key findings of the study identified elevation and slope as critical parameters in the assessment of flood risk. Results revealed that the flood hazard map produced by the MaxEnt model achieved an AUC value of 0.85, indicating high predictive accuracy. The research underscores the significance of flood hazard maps as essential tools for policymakers, enabling the identification of areas vulnerable to severe environmental and economic damage. By providing a reliable and precise assessment of flood-prone zones, this study contributes valuable insights for the formulation of effective flood management strategies and mitigation measures. The implementation of such hazard maps is crucial in enhancing preparedness and resilience against flooding events, ultimately safeguarding lives, property, and infrastructure in the Noa River basin.

The port is a place for ships as sea transportation to dock. The port, as a place of entry and exit for goods or passengers from various regions, places, and environments, encourages the potential for disease transmission to a new environment. Pathogens present in the environment can directly contact the human body through air, touch, and transmission through food around areas with high mobilization. Therefore, this study aims to look at the results of hygiene observations and laboratory testing related to food, drinking water, and air samples at Galala Port, Ambon City. This study used descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design. From all parameter examination results, several examination results do not meet the standards such as food microbiology examination results (E. coli bacteria > 3.6MPN/gr), sanitation (walls and floors are not watertight), the presence of mosquito larvae (seven Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae), drinking water microbiology (total Coliforms 64 CFU.100 mL-1), and clean water microbiology (E. coli > 250 CFU. 100 mL-1 and total Coliforms 8 CFU.100 mL-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the inspection of restaurants carried out at Galala port, Ambon City, is not appropriate and does not meet the standards according to the Minister of Health Decree number 942 of 2003.

Water plays a crucial role in the environment and in the process of liquefaction, which can occur during moderate to major earthquakes and cause significant structural damage. Liquefaction is defined as the transformation of granular material from a solid state to a liquid state, a process driven by increased pore water pressure and reduced effective stress within the soil. When an earthquake strikes, the shaking causes the pore water pressure between the sand grains to rise, which in turn reduces the contact forces between the grains. As a result, the sand loses its effective shear strength and starts to behave more like a fluid, leading to instability and potential collapse of structures built on such ground. Liquefaction can occur in moderate to major earthquakes, resulting in severe damage to structures. The transformation of granular material from a solid state to a liquid state due to increased pore pressure and reduced effective stress is defined as liquefaction. When this happens, the sand grains lose their effective shear strength and will behave more like a fluid. This phenomenon of dissolution of soil damages trees’ stability and disturbs the formation of the earth’s surface. Liquefaction resistance of soil depends on the initial state of soil to the state corresponding to failure. The liquefaction resistance can be evaluated based on tests on laboratory and in situ tests. For this research, liquefaction resistance using in-field tests based on SPT N values is attempted. Cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) is found based on the corrected N value. About 16 bore logs have been selected for the factor of safety calculation. The factor of safety for soil was arrived at by taking into account of corresponding corrected SPT N values. The liquefaction hazard map is prepared for the moment magnitude of 7.5-7.6 M w. It is also found that the areas close to water bodies and streams have the factor of safety less than unity. The bore log of locations having a factor of safety less than one indicates that up to a depth of about 6 m, very loose silty sand with clay and sand is present, which are defined as medium to fine sand having low field N values.

Noble metal decorated metal oxide composites have proved to have Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as a notable approach for efficient light absorption. Herein present work, a new sonochemical method is proposed for in-situ synthesis of noble metal-based CeO2 composites for the sonophotocatalytic degradation of commercial Acephate solution. Pristine CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 with different Ag contents viz. 4, 6 and 8 wt. % were successfully synthesized by a facile in-situ sonochemical approach. The as-synthesized CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were characterized by various physicochemical characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, BET, and FESEM-EDS. Further, these CeO2 and Ag@CeO2 nanocomposites were employed for photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic degradation of commercial Acephate solution. Experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes follow a pseudo-first-order model, whereas the sonophotocatalytic process had a more substantial rate constant compared to the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic one. Further, the kinetics of the study were examined by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Overall, the sonophotocatalytic degradation involving as-synthesized Ag@CeO2 with 6 wt. % Ag content has shown to be the most effective method for the effective degradation of a commercial acephate solution.

Recently, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes have been considered as potential policies for solid waste management and many countries have applied them. Researchers, authorities, and producers need a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of EPR. Therefore, this literature review aims to review the current research status of EPR implementation on packaging, to highlight actual experiences conducting EPR, and to find research gaps. Results indicate that during the last 5 years, there has been an increase in the amount of research on EPR in packaging and that packaging waste recycling under this scheme is the most considered activity. Additionally, the primary metrics used to assess the efficacy of EPRs are recycling and reducing packaging waste. According to the lessons learned, applying EPR to packaging should take stakeholder engagement, policy design, transparency, and incentive strategy into account. Additionally, knowing the economic effectiveness problems small- and medium-sized packaging companies face, the effectiveness of EPR methods on various materials and geographical areas, and the efficacy of monitoring methods are the main areas that need to be researched.

A major global concern is the widespread environmental destruction caused by hydrocarbons, especially from the dumping of spent engine oil. Hydrocarbons are a major source of pollution in the environment and have an impact on agriculture, aquatic life, and soil fertility. The necessity of resolving this issue is highlighted by the detrimental impact on soil biocenosis and the potential conversion of soils into technogenic deserts. Due to high costs and polluting byproducts, the conventional approach of treating contaminated soil, sediment, and water is unsustainable. However, bioremediation, which makes use of biological agents like fungi and bacteria, appears to be a more practical and affordable solution. Microbial biosurfactants present a possible solution for environmental restoration due to their less harmful nature compared to chemical surfactants. This review highlights the green and sustainable nature of microbial biosurfactants while examining their advancements, biotechnological potentials, and future possibilities for bioremediation. The review also looks at the genetic basis and economic viability of biosurfactants for bioremediation applications. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the need for more studies in overcoming the challenges of large-scale application of biological surfactants for bioremediation of pollution and environmental restoration. As partners in nature, these bacteria aid in the breakdown of hydrocarbons, highlighting the need for industry and the environment to coexist sustainably. As biosurfactants are less harmful to the environment than chemical surfactants, they are more in line with the global trend toward sustainable methods and the use of natural processes for ecological restoration.

Improper disposal of landfill leachate, a highly polluted wastewater, can harm living beings and the ecosystem. Of all the treatment technologies available, electrochemical techniques have the most advantages in terms of ease of use, affordability, and the ability to degrade various contaminants found in landfill leachate effectively. Though there are a sufficient number of research articles regarding the electrochemical treatment of leachate, it has many research gaps, such as a study on the mechanism of radicle generation, pollutant degradation, study on different electrodes with various pollutants concentrations, application of green catalysts, byproduct formation assessment, energy recovery, etc. This review article explores the applications of electrooxidation techniques for the treatment of landfill leachate. Key aspects discussed include the (i) fundamental concepts in electrochemical treatment and its mechanism, (ii) factors affecting the electrochemical treatment efficiency, (iii) the applicability of leachate treatment with different electrochemical methods, (iv) recent advances, (v) merits, and demerits and (vi) proposal of future scope and the studies needed. The integration of electrooxidation with other treatment processes and the challenges hindering widespread adoption are also addressed. Overall, electrooxidation demonstrates promise as an effective and sustainable method for managing landfill leachate. Consequently, this article directs chacurrent and future research efforts toward optimizing the leachate treatment through electrooxidation techniques.

Heavy metal (HM) pollution has been a significant issue for the environment and public health. Unmonitored industrial effluents are a major source of HM pollution. However, metallotolerant bacteria thriving in such environments could be potentially useful for bioremediation purposes. In this study, Bacillus cereus IEI-01 was isolated from water samples of Badshahpur Lake, Gurugram, showcasing resilience to HM exposure and thriving under optimal conditions at 37°C and pH 7.0. Morphological and biochemical characterization showed its Gram-positive rod shape and metabolic versatility, including glucose fermentation and nitrate reduction capabilities. Molecular analysis further affirmed its close relation to the Bacillus cereus strain. Dynamic bacterial growth patterns were observed, with typical sigmoidal curves indicating significant growth over 72 h. When exposed to various HMs, the strain IEI-01 exhibited differential tolerance and promoting patterns, with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) compared to other metals. Over 72 h, the strain exhibited substantial removal rates ranging from 60.64% to 87.43% for Cd and 41.87% to 52.62% for Pb. The concentration-dependent bio-removal efficiency of IEI-01 in Cd-spiked cultures displayed a declining trend with increasing concentrations, with removal rates ranging from 80.23% to 60.72% over the same period. These findings highlight the potential of Bacillus cereus IEI-01 for HM bioremediation, particularly at lower concentrations. Its efficacy in removing Cd and Pb from contaminated environments suggests promising applications in environmental cleanup efforts.