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Biochem-Env: a platform of biochemistry for research in environmental and agricultural sciences Texte intégral
2018
Cheviron, Nathalie | Grondin, Virginie | Mougin, Christian | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Plateforme BIOCHEM-ENV ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Biochemical indicators are potent tools to assess ecosystem functioning under anthropic and global pressures. Nevertheless, additional work is needed to improve the methods used for the measurement of these indicators, and for a more relevant interpretation of the obtained results. To face these challenges, the platform Biochem-Env aims at providing innovative and standardized measurement protocols, as well as database and information system favoring result interpretation and opening. Its skills and tools are also offered for expertise, consulting, training, and standardization. In addition, the platform is a service of a French Research Infrastructure for Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems, for research in environmental and agricultural sciences.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Biocontrol, new questions for Ecotoxicology? Texte intégral
2018
Amichot, Marcel | Joly, Pierre | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Siaussat, David | Lavoir, Anne-Violette | Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | BIOVITIS ; BIOVITIS (FRANCE) | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | ERA-NET ARIMNet2, project STomP; IDEX BOOST Projet structurant Universite Cote d'Azur | ANR-15-ARM2-0003,STomP,Sustainable Tomato Production: plant defense enhancement, development of new biopesticides and optimization of environmental, water and chemical inputs(2015)
International audience | Biocontrol strategies are viewed as an environment friendly alternative to the use of conventional synthetic pesticides to control pests or weeds in agrosystems and are expected to supersede the use of pesticides. Nevertheless, biocontrol solutions are not devoid of drawbacks. As encountered with conventional pesticides, one can expect side-effects of biopesticides on non-targeted organisms and/or ecosystem processes. The "bio-" prefix in the word "biopesticides" does it necessarily guarantee their environment safe profile? In this context, we call to mind the researchers of the network ECOTOX (French network of ecotoxicology; https://www6.inra.fr/ecotox) in the framework of a roundtable entitled "Biocontrol & Ecotoxicology" on the following questions: who is experienced in ecotoxicology in relation with biocontrol in its own research? To what extend would it be useful to introduce ecotoxicology in biocontrol? What is the fate of biopesticides in the environment? What role could we cast to ecotoxicology in biocontrol regulations? We report here a synthesis of the discussions engaged during the roundtable.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Surveying shrimp aquaculture pond activity using multitemporal VHSR satellite images - case study from the Perancak estuary, Bali, Indonesia Texte intégral
2018
Gusmawati, Niken | Soulard, Benoêt | Selmaoui-Folcher, Nazha | Proisy, Christophe | Mustafa, Akhmad | Le Gendre, Romain | Laugier, Thierry | Lemonnier, Hugues | Agency of Research and Development for Marine and Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries | Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME) ; Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC) | Unité Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable en Nouvelle-Calédonie (LEADNC) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie]) | Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP) ; Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | From the 1980's, Indonesian shrimp production has continuously increased through a large expansion of culturedareas and an intensification of the production. As consequences of diseases and environmental degradations linkedto this development, there are currently 250,000 ha of abandoned ponds in Indonesia. To implement effectiveprocedure to undertake appropriate aquaculture ecosystem assessment and monitoring, an integrated indicatorbased on four criteria using very high spatial optical satellite images, has been developed to discriminate activefrom abandoned ponds. These criteria were: presence of water, aerator, feeding bridge and vegetation. Thisindicator has then been applied to the Perancak estuary, a production area in decline, to highlight the abandonmentdynamic between 2001 and 2015. Two risk factors that could contribute to explain dynamics of abandonmentwereidentified: climate conditions and pond locations within the estuary, suggesting that a spatial approach should beintegrated in planning processes to operationalize pond rehabilitation.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Assisted Phytoremediation of a Multi-contaminated Industrial Soil Using Biochar and Garden Soil Amendments Associated with Salix alba or Salix viminalis: Abilities to Stabilize As, Pb, and Cu Texte intégral
2018
Lebrun, Manhattan | Miard, Florie | Hattab-Hambli, Nour | Bourgerie, Sylvain | Morabito, Domenico, D. | Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO) | Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL)
International audience | With the development of the industrial era, environmental pollution by organic and inorganic pollutants increased and became a worldwide issue. Particularly, former industrial sites often present high concentrations of metal(loid)s. These pollutions have adverse effects not only on the environment but also to human health, as pollutants can enter the food chain. Therefore, contaminated sites need rehabilitation. Phytoremediation is a clean and low-cost solution to remediate such sites. However, vegetation establishment can be difficult on such extreme soils from both a physical and a chemical point of view. Consequently, amendments, like biochar and garden soil, must be applied. Biochar, product of biomass pyrolysis under low-oxygen conditions, showed beneficial effects on soil fertility and plant growth, as well as metal(loid) sorption properties. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of two organic amendments, biochar and garden soil, alone or combined, on the physico-chemical properties of a post-industrial soil and the growth of two Salix species (Salix alba and Salix viminalis) and evaluate the phytostabilizing capacities of the two Salix species. In this goal, a greenhouse experiment was performed, using garden soil at 50% (v/v) and/or biochar at 2 or 5% (w/w). The results showed that biochar did not improve soil physico-chemical properties, neither did it affect plant parameters (dry weight, organ metal(loid)s concentrations). Moreover, higher metal(loid) concentrations were found in the roots compared to the upper parts. Finally, S. alba presented lower metal(loid) concentrations in the aboveground parts compared to S. viminalis, associated with a good growth, which make it a better candidate for phytostabilization of the studied soil.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Development and implementation of eco-genomic tools for aquatic ecosystem biomonitoring: the SYNAQUA French-Swiss program Texte intégral
2018
Lefrancois, Estelle | Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Laure | Blancher, Philippe | Botreau, Samuel | Chardon, Cécile | Crepin, Laura | Cordier, Tristan | Cordonier, Arielle | Domaizon, Isabelle | Ferrari, Benoit | Guéguen, Julie | Hustache, Jean-Christophe | Jacas, Louis | Jacquet, Stéphan | Lacroix, Sonia | Mazenq, Anne-Laurence | Pawlowska, Alina | Perney, Pascal | Pawlowski, Jan | Rimet, Frédéric | Rubin, Jean-François | Trevisan, Dominique | Vivien, Régis | Bouchez, Agnes | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Département de Génétique et Evolution ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Independent | Asters Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels de Haute-Savoie | Service cantonal de l'écologie de l'eau | Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M) ; Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | ID-GENE Ecodiagnostics | Department of genetics and evolution ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Ecole d'ingénieurs HES ; HES | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | European Cross-Border Cooperation Program (Interreg France-Switzerland); Swiss cantons (Valais, Geneva, Vaud); European (European Regional Development Fund)
International audience | The effectiveness of environmental protection measures is based on the early identification and diagnosis of anthropogenic pressures. Similarly, restoration actions require precise monitoring of changes in the ecological quality of ecosystems, in order to highlight their effectiveness. Monitoring the ecological quality relies on bioindicators, which are organisms revealing the pressures exerted on the environment through the composition of their communities. Their implementation, based on the morphological identification of species, is expensive because it requires time and experts in taxonomy. Recent genomic tools should provide access to reliable and high-throughput environmental monitoring by directly inferring the composition of bioindicators' communities from their DNA (metabarcoding). The French-Swiss program SYNAQUA (INTERREG France-Switzerland 2017-2019) proposes to use and validate the tools of environmental genomic for biomonitoring and aims ultimately at their implementation in the regulatory bio-surveillance. SYNAQUA will test the metabarcoding approach focusing on two bioindicators, diatoms, and aquatic oligochaetes, which are used in freshwater biomonitoring in France and Switzerland. To go towards the renewal of current biomonitoring practices, SYNAQUA will (1) bring together different actors: scientists, environmental managers, consulting firms, and biotechnological companies, (2) apply this approach on a large scale to demonstrate its relevance, (3) propose robust and reliable tools, and (4) raise public awareness and train the various actors likely to use these new tools. Biomonitoring approaches based on such environmental genomic tools should address the European need for reliable, higher-throughput monitoring to improve the protection of aquatic environments under multiple pressures, guide their restoration , and follow their evolution.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: Report on a First French-Swiss Workshop | Considérer les communautés biologiques afin d'améliorer l'évaluation de la qualité écotoxicologique des sédiments : Bilan d'un premier séminaire Franco-Suisse Texte intégral
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, O. | Bonnineau, C. | Casado Martinez, C. | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, E. | Naffrechoux, E. | Ferrari, B.J.D. | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Agence française pour la biodiversité | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME) ; Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: Report on a First French-Swiss Workshop | Considérer les communautés biologiques afin d'améliorer l'évaluation de la qualité écotoxicologique des sédiments : Bilan d'un premier séminaire Franco-Suisse Texte intégral
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, O. | Bonnineau, C. | Casado Martinez, C. | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, E. | Naffrechoux, E. | Ferrari, B.J.D. | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Agence française pour la biodiversité | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME) ; Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples | International audience | The first French-Swiss workshop on ecotoxicology of freshwater sediment communities was co-organized by the French Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea) and the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre EAWAG-EPFL) in Villié-Morgon (Beaujolais Region, France) on April 27-28, 2017. The workshop brought together scientists working in different fields of expertise (ecotoxicologists, ecologists, environmental chemists...), environmental stakeholder groups and managers, as well as economic players (start-ups and consultancies) to better connect research needs of potential end-users with research outputs. The objectives of this workshop were (i) to establish the state of the art of research in the characterization of sediment contamination and in the evaluation of the effects on sediment-associated biological communities and ecosystem functioning and (ii) to give an overview of the French and Swiss regulations dealing with the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems. The ultimate goal was to collectively identify research needs and knowledge gaps, as well as to highlight ways to improve the ecotoxicological assessment of sediments in freshwater environments by further considering the structure and functions of associated microbial and invertebrate communities.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: report on a first French-Swiss workshop Texte intégral
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, Olivier | Bonnineau, Chloé | Casado-Martinez, Carmen | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, Emilie | Naffrechoux, Emmanuel | Ferrari, BenoitJ.D.
The first French-Swiss workshop on ecotoxicology of freshwater sediment communities was co-organized by the French Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea) and the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre EAWAG-EPFL) in Villié-Morgon (Beaujolais Region, France) on April 27–28, 2017. The workshop brought together scientists working in different fields of expertise (ecotoxicologists, ecologists, environmental chemists…), environmental stakeholder groups and managers, as well as economic players (start-ups and consultancies) to better connect research needs of potential end-users with research outputs. The objectives of this workshop were (i) to establish the state of the art of research in the characterization of sediment contamination and in the evaluation of the effects on sediment-associated biological communities and ecosystem functioning and (ii) to give an overview of the French and Swiss regulations dealing with the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems. The ultimate goal was to collectively identify research needs and knowledge gaps, as well as to highlight ways to improve the ecotoxicological assessment of sediments in freshwater environments by further considering the structure and functions of associated microbial and invertebrate communities.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France Texte intégral
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Céline | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Céline | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) | ISA-TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé ; Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Labex IMU (Project IMU-MIC); Labex IMU (Project IMU-Patho-Air); PEPS-CNRS (Patho-BRD); ANR CABRRES; Grand Lyon Metropolis; Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency | ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011)
Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France Texte intégral
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Céline | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Céline | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) | ISA-TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé ; Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Labex IMU (Project IMU-MIC); Labex IMU (Project IMU-Patho-Air); PEPS-CNRS (Patho-BRD); ANR CABRRES; Grand Lyon Metropolis; Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency | ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011)
International audience | The nature and fate of urban contaminants washed by stormwater events and accumulating in a detention basin (DB) were investigated. Relations between bacterial and chemical contaminants of trapped urban sediments, and field parameters were analyzed. Fecal indicators and some pathogens known to be environmentally transmitted (Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae) were tracked, and their persistence investigated. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 3 years, using five sites including a settling chamber (SC). Aerosolized bacteria at these sites were also monitored. Deposits in the basin were made of fine particles and their content in chemical pollutants was found highly variable. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents were measured but only three pesticides, over 22, were detected. Deposits were significantly contaminated by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and by Nocardia. Only A. caviae showed significant numbers in aerosolized particles recovered over the detention basin. Nocardia spp. cells heavily contaminated the SC. The efficacy of the detention basin at reducing bacterial counts per rain event and over time were estimated. A slight drop in the counts was monitored for fecal indicators but not for the other bacterial groups. Hydrodynamic parameters had a strong impact on the distribution and features of the deposits. Multiple factors impacted the fate of FIB, P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and Nocardia cells, but in a group dependent manner. Nocardia counts were found positively correlated with volatile organic matter. FIB appeared highly efficient colonizers of the DB.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France Texte intégral
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Celine | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Celine | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier
The nature and fate of urban contaminants washed by stormwater events and accumulating in a detention basin (DB) were investigated. Relations between bacterial and chemical contaminants of trapped urban sediments, and field parameters were analyzed. Fecal indicators and some pathogens known to be environmentally transmitted (Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae) were tracked, and their persistence investigated. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 3 years, using five sites including a settling chamber (SC). Aerosolized bacteria at these sites were also monitored. Deposits in the basin were made of fine particles and their content in chemical pollutants was found highly variable. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents were measured but only three pesticides, over 22, were detected. Deposits were significantly contaminated by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and by Nocardia. Only A. caviae showed significant numbers in aerosolized particles recovered over the detention basin. Nocardia spp. cells heavily contaminated the SC. The efficacy of the detention basin at reducing bacterial counts per rain event and over time were estimated. A slight drop in the counts was monitored for fecal indicators but not for the other bacterial groups. Hydrodynamic parameters had a strong impact on the distribution and features of the deposits. Multiple factors impacted the fate of FIB, P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and Nocardia cells, but in a group dependent manner. Nocardia counts were found positively correlated with volatile organic matter. FIB appeared highly efficient colonizers of the DB.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Aporrectodea caliginosa, a relevant earthworm species for a posteriori pesticide risk assessment: current knowledge and recommendations for culture and experimental design Texte intégral
2018
Bart, Sylvain | Amossé, Joël | Lowe, Christopher N. | Mougin, Christian | Pery, Alexandre R.R. | Pelosi, Céline | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay | University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN) | ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011)
Ecotoxicological tests with earthworms are widely used and are mandatory for the risk assessment of pesticides prior to registration and commercial use. The current model species for standardized tests is Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. However, these species are absent from agricultural soils and often less sensitive to pesticides than other earthworm species found in mineral soils. To move towards a better assessment of pesticide effects on non-target organisms, there is a need to perform a posteriori tests using relevant species. The endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) is representative of cultivated fields in temperate regions and is suggested as a relevant model test species. After providing information on its taxonomy, biology, and ecology, we reviewed current knowledge concerning its sensitivity towards pesticides. Moreover, we highlighted research gaps and promising perspectives. Finally, advice and recommendations are given for the establishment of laboratory cultures and experiments using this soil-dwelling earthworm species.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Biological impacts of local vs. regional land use on a small tributary of the Seine River (France): insights from a food web approach based on stable isotopes Texte intégral
2018
Hette-Tronquart, N. | Oberdorff, T. | Tales, E. | Zahm, Amandine | Belliard, J. | Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes | International audience | As part of the landscape, streams are influenced byland use. Here, we contributed to the understanding of the biological impacts of land use on streams, investigating how landscape effects vary with spatial scales (local vs. regional). We adopted a food web approach integrating both biological structure and functioning, to focus on the overall effect of land use on stream biocoenosis. We selected 17 sites of a small tributary of the Seine River (France) for their contrasted land use, and conducted a natural experiment by sampling three organic matter sources, three macroinvertebrate taxa, and most of the fish community. Using stable isotope analysis, we calculated three food web metrics evaluating two major dimensions of the trophic diversity displayed by the fish community: (i) the diversity of exploited resources and (ii) the trophic level richness. The idea was to examine whether (1) land-use effects varied according to spatial scales, (2) land use affected food webs through an effect on community structure and (3) land use affected food webs through an effect onavailable resources. Beside an increase in trophic diversity from upstream to downstream, our empirical data showed that food webs were influenced by land use in the riparian corridors (local scale). The effect was complex, and depended on site's position along the upstream-downstream gradient. By contrast, land use in the catchment (regional scale) did not influence stream biocoenosis. At the local scale, community structure was weakly influenced by land use, and thus played a minor role in explaining food web modifications. Our results suggested that the amount of available resources at the base of the food web was partly responsible for food web modifications. In addition, changes in biological functioning (i.e. feeding interactions) can also explain another part of the land-use effect. These results highlight the role played by the riparian corridors as a buffer zone, and advocate that riparian corridor should be at the centre of water management attention.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Large-scale geographic patterns of mercury contamination in Morocco revealed by freshwater turtles Texte intégral
2018
Slimani, Tahar | El Hassani, Mohamed Said | El Mouden, El Hassan | Bonnet, Marine | Bustamante, Paco | Brischoux, Francois | Brault-Favrou, Maud | Bonnet, Xavier | Faculté des Sciences Semlalia [Marrakech] ; Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA) | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Large-scale geographic patterns of mercury contamination in Morocco revealed by freshwater turtles Texte intégral
2018
Slimani, Tahar | El Hassani, Mohamed Said | El Mouden, El Hassan | Bonnet, Marine | Bustamante, Paco | Brischoux, Francois | Brault-Favrou, Maud | Bonnet, Xavier | Faculté des Sciences Semlalia [Marrakech] ; Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA) | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | Mercury (Hg) is a toxic contaminant present in most aquatic ecosystems. High concentrations pose serious threats to organisms and to human health. Because previous studies focused on few countries, environmental hazard due to Hg contamination remains obscure in many geographic areas, and for example limited information is available in North Africa. We examined total Hg contamination in 13 sites in Morocco (12 rivers and one lake) spread over a large area, 400 km north–south and 350 km west–east, that encompasses different biogeographic zones separated by the Atlas Mountains. Due to their longevity and sedentary habits, we used freshwater turtles as biological probes to monitor Hg exposure. Keratinized tissues reflect long-term Hg exposure; thus, we assayed Hg concentration in the claws of > 200 individuals and supplemented these data with blood Hg concentrations of > 60 individuals (a tissue that provides shorter term Hg exposure integration). The results provide the first large-scale picture of Hg contamination in the aquatic freshwater systems of Morocco. Comparisons with previous studies revealed that some of the sites were highly contaminated (e.g. mean Hg concentrations were above 5 μg g⁻¹, a very high level in keratinized tissues) whereas other sites presented moderate or baseline levels. Unexpectedly, all highly contaminated sites were found in less densely populated areas, while more densely urbanized northern sites, even the sewers of large cities, were not highly contaminated. We hypothesize that silver mining activities in the southern High Atlas and in the Anti-Atlas contaminate rivers of the catchment basins over long distances. These findings indicate that fish, water consumption and contamination levels in local people should be further scrutinized.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Large-scale geographic patterns of mercury contamination in Morocco revealed by freshwater turtles Texte intégral
2018
Slimani, Tahar | El Hassani, MohamedSaid | El Mouden, ElHassan | Bonnet, Marine | Bustamante, Paco | Brischoux, François | Brault-Favrou, Maud | Bonnet, Xavier
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic contaminant present in most aquatic ecosystems. High concentrations pose serious threats to organisms and to human health. Because previous studies focused on few countries, environmental hazard due to Hg contamination remains obscure in many geographic areas, and for example limited information is available in North Africa. We examined total Hg contamination in 13 sites in Morocco (12 rivers and one lake) spread over a large area, 400 km north–south and 350 km west–east, that encompasses different biogeographic zones separated by the Atlas Mountains. Due to their longevity and sedentary habits, we used freshwater turtles as biological probes to monitor Hg exposure. Keratinized tissues reflect long-term Hg exposure; thus, we assayed Hg concentration in the claws of > 200 individuals and supplemented these data with blood Hg concentrations of > 60 individuals (a tissue that provides shorter term Hg exposure integration). The results provide the first large-scale picture of Hg contamination in the aquatic freshwater systems of Morocco. Comparisons with previous studies revealed that some of the sites were highly contaminated (e.g. mean Hg concentrations were above 5 μg g⁻¹, a very high level in keratinized tissues) whereas other sites presented moderate or baseline levels. Unexpectedly, all highly contaminated sites were found in less densely populated areas, while more densely urbanized northern sites, even the sewers of large cities, were not highly contaminated. We hypothesize that silver mining activities in the southern High Atlas and in the Anti-Atlas contaminate rivers of the catchment basins over long distances. These findings indicate that fish, water consumption and contamination levels in local people should be further scrutinized.
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