In this paper are presented autochthonous and all other alochthonous famous fishes in Lake Ohrid and its catchement area (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Introduction of new species in lakes and rivers in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is prohibited, especially in Lake Ohrid and catchement area. The most probable period and possible way of introduction are presented and the reason of that introduction, as well. It is necessary, in the future, more attention to be paid on Lake Ohrid protection from introduction of new species, which may cause big changes in Lake Ohrid dynamics.

During the period May - September 2000, the structure of quality and quantity of Oligochaeta community was investigated on three locations of "Kapetanski rit" fish pond (Serbia, Yugoslavia). At same time were determined some physical and chemical parameters of water temperature, pH value and concentration of dissolved oxygen. In that period of time, the location of Divlje jezero there was no presence of Oligochaeta community. The location of Novo jezero was characterized by 6 species from two families - Naididae and Tubificidae, and the location of Veliko jezero was characterized by only three species. The results from Veliko and Novo jezero show differences in proportional presence and quantity characteristics.

The subject of the paper is eco-technological procedure of the treatment of the sludge generated during conventional purification (Cn(-) oxidation, Cr(6+) reduction, chemical precipitation of the other metals) of the wastewater from galvanic process. The detailed analysis of the waste sludge with the determination of high flow (the water eluate) and low flow (HNO3-eluate) fraction as Cu(2+), Cr(3+), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+). The point of the paper is the treatment of the sludge as the dangerous waste into useful product glass-ceramics, with eliminating of the generation of the dangerous and harmful materials in environment. Experimental investigation has achieved the point and approved that with this procedure it is possible to transform chemical active matters (Cu(2+), Cr(3+), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+)) using the phase and chemical transformation into very stable structure where the pollutants can not be activated even under critical conditions as high temperature, influence of acids and alkalines, etc.

The reaction of Pd(II) with 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(pyrazol-5-ylazo)-naphthalen-3,6-disulphonic acid immobilized by physical sorption onto Dowex 1-X8 ion-exchange resin was investigated with the aim to develop the sorption-spectroscopic test method for the detection of low Pd(II) concentrations in water. The resin phase absorption spectra of the reagent and its Pd(II) complex were followed. The immobilized reagent has the spectral characteristics similar to those in the water and forms with Pd(II) 1:1 complex with the absorption maximum at 650 nm. Parameters, such as pH, wavelength and contact time have been optimized for a given amount of the sorbed reagent. The experimental conditions for the linear dependence of absorbance vs. Pd(II) concentration have been determined.

This paper is an abstract of the operative program for water protection in the Republic of Serbia (Yugoslavia) for the next five-year period of time. There is a short review on the present water protection status, particularly status of wastewater treatment plants. It includes layouts of water protection solutions in different fields, by priorities, as well as assessment of necessary capital investments for their implementation.

Possibilities of application of transmembrane enzymes as a biological component of a biosensor for water quality control and detection of toxical substances were performed. Synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) were adsorbed on nitrocellulose filters. The adsorption of SPMs was followed by determination of the transmembrane enzyme Na,K-ATPase. The optimal conditions for SPM adsorption on nitrocellulose filters were determined: 25 microgram per nitrocellulose filter disc during 1 hour of incubation, on - 20 deg C. The ATPase activity of adsorbed SPM showed, that almost 30% of enzymic activity was detected on nitrocellulose filters in mentioned conditions. This results showed that adsorption of SPM on solid support enhancing enzymatic stability and enable its industrial and analytical application.

Concept of anaerobic treatment process of food processing wastewater is discussed. In this scope there are: 1) formulation of anaerobic process, b) general process scheme defining, c) choice of process (digester type, single- and two-step mode, operating temperature), and d) define of process variables (hydraulic and organic load, removal efficiency, quantity and composition of biogas, etc.).