In this paper are presented autochthonous and all other alochthonous famous fishes in Lake Ohrid and its catchement area (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). Introduction of new species in lakes and rivers in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is prohibited, especially in Lake Ohrid and catchement area. The most probable period and possible way of introduction are presented and the reason of that introduction, as well. It is necessary, in the future, more attention to be paid on Lake Ohrid protection from introduction of new species, which may cause big changes in Lake Ohrid dynamics.

During the period May - September 2000, the structure of quality and quantity of Oligochaeta community was investigated on three locations of "Kapetanski rit" fish pond (Serbia, Yugoslavia). At same time were determined some physical and chemical parameters of water temperature, pH value and concentration of dissolved oxygen. In that period of time, the location of Divlje jezero there was no presence of Oligochaeta community. The location of Novo jezero was characterized by 6 species from two families - Naididae and Tubificidae, and the location of Veliko jezero was characterized by only three species. The results from Veliko and Novo jezero show differences in proportional presence and quantity characteristics.

The reaction of Pd(II) with 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(pyrazol-5-ylazo)-naphthalen-3,6-disulphonic acid immobilized by physical sorption onto Dowex 1-X8 ion-exchange resin was investigated with the aim to develop the sorption-spectroscopic test method for the detection of low Pd(II) concentrations in water. The resin phase absorption spectra of the reagent and its Pd(II) complex were followed. The immobilized reagent has the spectral characteristics similar to those in the water and forms with Pd(II) 1:1 complex with the absorption maximum at 650 nm. Parameters, such as pH, wavelength and contact time have been optimized for a given amount of the sorbed reagent. The experimental conditions for the linear dependence of absorbance vs. Pd(II) concentration have been determined.

Effects of vapours of two herbicides on plantlets of fourteen wild higher plant species and two bryophytes were screened in fumigation experiments using foliar injury, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth as response parameters. After vaporisation of the herbicides for 48 h, concentrations in the chambers reached 77 g m−3 in the chlorpropham treatments and 184 ng m−3 in the ethofumesate treatments. Despite the higher concentrations of the volatile chlorpropham (vapour pressure, VP: 1.3 mP), plants showed no foliar injury, but vapours of this herbicide caused leaf crinkling in the agriophyte Agrostemma githago. The less volatile ethofumesate (VP: 0.56 mP) caused foliar injury in all higher species, with lowest no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of 75 ng m−3. Chlorpropham affected growth only in Agrostemma, while ethofumesate reduced growth in one third of the higher plant species. Chlorophyll fluorescence proved to be a less suitable response parameter compared to foliar injury and growth. No adverse effects were observed in mosses, probably due to the slow growth and hence small doses of herbicides taken up. The extent of foliar injury due to ethofumesate showed a weak positive relationship to relative growth rates and specific leaf area in the tested higher plant species.

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Dans le cadre d'une étude confiée par l'Agence de l'Eau Loire-Bretagne, notre équipe s'est intéressée aux effets de molécules herbicides sur les communautés de microalgues naturelles. Nous avons suivi la contamination en pesticides sur divers sites de la rivière Ozanne (Eure et Loir) et évalué la sensibilité des communautés de microalgues prélevées en ces mêmes sites aux deux contaminant principaux, l'atrazine et l'isoproturon. Associé à ces tests, nous avons estimé la structure de ces peuplements, pour valider les principes de la méthode PICT. Les tendances PICT sur périphyton et phytoplancton confirment les analyses de phytosanitaires : Les sites les moins pollués, présentent les communautés algales les plus sensibles à l'atrazine et à l'isoproturon, alors que les deux stations qui ont connu des concentrations très variables mais élevées en triazines et en urées substituées, sont caractérisées par des tolérances plus élevées ; ceci au cours de 5 campagnes de prélèvements. Ces différents résultats montrent le côté intégrateur des communautés algales qui gardent une tolérance acquise malgré des variations importantes en concentrations d'herbicides dans le milieu. Cette étude a montré que le PICT pouvait être appliqué avec succès sur le terrain dans le cadre de rivières contaminées par des pollutions diffuses. | In the frame of a study, which has been undertaken by the Water Agency Loire-Bretagne, our laboratory was interpellated to evaluate the effects of herbicides on natural communities of microalgae. Existing pesticide contamination on different sites of the river Ozanne (Eure and Loir) was monitored and the sensitivity to the two main pollutants, atrazine and isoproturon, of microalgae communities, collected in these sites, was evaluated. In parallel to these tests, we assessed the structure of these populations, in the aim to validate the principles of the PICT-method. The PICT-trends enlightened on both periphyton and phytoplankton, confirmed the analysis of phytosanitary products: the less polluted the site, the more sensitive the communities with regards to atrazine and isoproturon, even though the two sites, which were submitted to highly variable but important concentrations of atrazine and isoproturon are characterized by higher tolerances; and this during 5 campaigns of sampling. These different results show the "integrative" aspect of algae communities, which keep the acquired tolerance, despite important environmental variations of the herbicide concentrations. This study illustrates that the PICT concept could be successfully applied in field in the case of diffused pollution in rivers.

L'olfactometrie ou la mesure des odeurs par analyse sensorielle permet de quantifier les odeurs. Les methodes disponibles donnent acces a la mesure de trois grandeurs: la concentration d'odeur, l'intensite de l'odeur et la gene olfactive. Dans les deux premiers cas, la mesure fait appel a un jury d'experts preselectionnes et dans le troisieme cas, la methode fait appel a un jury de population locale. Il est ainsi possible, non seulement de caracteriser les sources d'odeur et de les comparer entre elles, mais aussi de caracteriser l'environnement d'une source d'odeur

Two basic processes contribute to dispersal of soils pesticide : scattering, which is ensured by different modes of transfer, and degradation, which requires chemical or biochemical reactions that use soil micro-organisms. Last, pesticide or its alteration products can interact with soil constituents. | Deux processus fondamentaux contribuent à la dissipation d'un pesticide appliqué au sol. La dispersion, qui entraîne le produit et éventuellement ses dérivés hors du point d'application ou du volume de sol dans lequel il est recherché et la dégradation, qui assure la transformation de la molécule initiale d'une manière plus ou moins prononcée et pouvant aller jusqu'à sa minéralisation. La dispersion est assurée par différents modes de transfert (volatilisation, lixiviation-lessivage, entraînement par ruissellement, absorption par la plante), tandis que la dégradation fait intervenir des réactions chimiques ou biochimiques (photolyse, hydrolyse, ...) impliquant l'intervention des micro-organismes du sol. Enfin, le pesticide ou ses produits de transformation peuvent interagir avec les constituants du sol pour former des résidus "non extractibles". Ceux-ci sont alors soustraits au dosage par voie physico- chimique.