Drilling operations release considerable amounts of drilling fluids that contain pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons. By means of the ICP-OES device, the concentration of metals in the drilling mud deposited in the accumulation pools (around the drill rigs), the drilling mud used in the well (initial, input, and output mud), the soil around the drilling rig, and the control sample can be determined. Comparison of metal accumulation volume with current standards (upper crust and the region’s soil) indicates that the initial drilling mud contains As, Cd, Mo, Cu, and Ag metals. Also, the outflow and associated cuttings are contaminated with Sb, showing a geological formation origin for this metal. In case of Pb, Ba, Cr, and Mn, the level of contamination is in a medium range wherein the source of the contamination is recycled mud and drilling rocks in the previous phases. Contamination of other metals is evaluated in the low range. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment Coefficient (EF), and Contamination Factor (CF) are used to determine the level of pollution. Results show that As, Pb, Ba, Mn, Mo, Cd, Co, Cu, and Zn have caused a lot of pollution in the area and their amounts should be controlled.

In the present investigation, coagulation-flocculation and fenton process in conjunction with phytoremediation by water hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes) were applied to treat the most frequently occurred contaminants in textile wastewater. The mean values of EC, TDS, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD and TOC in the raw effluents were 2300 μSCm-1, 1260 mgL-1, 48.28 FTU, 10.5, 1.2 mgL-1, 265 mgL-1, 522 mgL-1 and 12.8 mgL-1, respectively whereas the average concentration of Cr, Pb, Mg, Cu, Ni and Zn was 0.86, 1.21, 10.97, 0.47, 2.85 and 0.52 mg/L, correspondingly which evidently indicated that the effluents were highly contaminated compared to Bangladeshi standard. The results demonstrated that the values of EC, TDS, turbidity, pH, BOD, COD and TOC reduced significantly compared to raw effluents by both coagulation-flocculation and fenton processes and meet the standards set by BDS-ECR except BOD and DO. After being treated the COD value reduced to 70 mg/L (86.56%) and 188 mg/L (63.985%) from its initial concentration by coagulation-flocculation and fenton process, respectively on the other hand TOC removal efficiency by coagulation- flocculation process was 97.8125%, significantly greater than fenton methods where removal efficiency was 63.9%. However, the BOD removal efficiency by both treatment processes was ~50% which was not satisfactory compared to local standard. Interestingly, the concentration of DO increased substantially by both coagulation-flocculation (1.2 to 4.4 mg/L) and fenton process (1.2 to 3.85 mg/L). In case of trace elements removal, the combination of coagulation-flocculation-water hyacinth and fenton-water hyacinth show promising results where the removal efficiency of coagulation-flocculation-water hyacinth and fenton-water hyacinth was 24%-76% and 17%-76.36%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that coagulation-flocculation-water hyacinth combination is better than fenton-water hyacinth combination in terms of trace metals removal. Textile effluents treatment and management is considered as one of the most significant issues in Bangladesh herein based on the this study, combination of chemical and phytoremediation technologies could be a promising sustainable low cost alternative for Bangladesh’s textile industrial sector.

The advent of advanced features of soft computing can be used to solve complex problems which are more non-linear and messy. Many of the applications have been analysed and validated by the researchers through soft computing approach in the past.Neural Networks (NN) with appropriate selection of training parameters is implemented apart from conventional mathematical model. In this paper, analysis is made on the estimation of PM10 air quality in selected regions of Chennai district by wavelet approach with energy spectrograms. After analysing the results, NN of multilayer feed forward back propagation algorithm forecasts the air quality of selected regions. Discrepancies in selecting the training parameters of NN’s have been overcome by trial and error basis. This work will be helpful in proving the powerful tool of NN to forecast short term nonlinear parameters and the predicted results will give us the clear design of existing problem and thecontrol measures need to be implemented.

This study investigated the evolutionary history of the Late glacial in number of wetlands in south part of Lake Urmia. Twenty-six cores with a maximum depth of 12 m, average 8 m and total depth of about 190 m were collected from sediments under the southern and southwestern wetlands using a handi auger. Sedimentary facies were identified and separated based on sediments texture and structure, composition of evaporite minerals and organic materials, also color and other macroscopic elements. The results indicated the presence of eight distinct sedimentary facies belonging to the lacustrine, wetland and fluvial (river) sedimentary environments. In the last 20 cal ka BP, the two dominant dry periods, about 4 cal ka BP and 13 cal ka BP, have been associated with the transgression of dry (alluvial) facies towards the lake and the regression of Lake facies. The dry period 4 cal ka BP affected the southern part of Lake Urmia and marginal wetlands, while the dry period 13000 years ago was more intense and longer and lasted at least 3 cal ka BP.In the last 2cal ka BP, the two dominant dry periods, about 4 cal ka BP and 13 cal ka BP, have been associated with the transgression of dry (alluvial) facies towards the lake and the regression of Lake facies. The dry period 4 cal ka BP affected the southern part of Lake Urmia and marginal wetlands, while the dry period 13000 years ago was more intense and longer and lasted at least 3 cal ka BP.

This paper explores long-run and causal effects of financial development, real growth, urbanization, gross capital formation and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Thailand by utilizing recent econometric techniques. The study employs ARDL technique to examine the long and short run interconnection between CO2 emissions and the regressors. Furthermore, we employ the FMOLS, DOLS and CCR as a robustness check to the ARDL long-run estimator. The study use time-series data spanning from 1971 to 2016. The study also utilizes the wavelet coherence technique to collect information on the association and causal interrelationship among these economic variables at different frequencies and timeframes in Thailand. The study objectives are structured to answer the following questions: (a) does the selected macroeconomic indicators impact CO2 emissions in Thailand? (b) if so, why? Findings reveal; (i) Negative and insignificant link between CO2 emissions and urbanization. (ii) GDP growth affects CO2 emissions positively. (iii) The interconnection between CO2 emissions and energy usage is positive. (iv) Gross capital formation impact CO2 emissions positively. (v) Positive interconnection exists between financial development and CO2 emissions in Thailand. Additionally, the wavelet coherence result provides a supportive evidence for the ARDL long run result. Based on these findings, policy directions were suggested.

The aim of this paper is to assess the radon concentration of surface and ground waters around Bismuth mining site located in Edu, Kwara State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain its radiological risk. Seventeen (17) water samples were collected and analyzed for radon concentration using a calibrated Rad7-Active Electronic Detector Durridge. The Radon concentration for surface water ranged from 16.23±3.45 Bq/l to 24.71±4.51 Bq/l with a mean of 19.14±3.98 Bq/l while that of ground water ranged from 21.59±3.29 to 27.93±5.74 Bq/l with a mean of 24.16±4.21 Bq/l. The concentration results were used to estimate the annual effective doses. The mean total annual effective dose obtained by summing the dose due to inhalation and ingestion for surface water samples were 187.97 μSvy-1, 257.84 μSvy-1 and 292.77 μSvy-1 for adult, children and infants respectively. Also, the mean effective doses for ground water samples were of 237.25 μSvy-1, 325.44 μSvy-1 and 369.53 μSvy-1 for adult, children and infants respectively. Both the radon concentration and the effective dose due to its inhalation and ingestion were higher than the recommended limit of 11.1 Bq/l and 100 μSvy-1 respectively for all samples. Therefore, consumption of the water in this area poses serious health risk as the water is not safe for all age groups considered. Therefore, it is advised that the water from both sources be treated before consumption.

Energy recovery is a sustainable method of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The co-incineration of refuse derived fuel (RDF) has shown several economic and environmental advantages. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of RDF recovery on leachate quality using leachate tests and calculation of greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction in the kilns of a cement plant. The qualitative results of the eluate show that there is an impact on leachate quality depending on the type of waste. The values of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), electrical conductivity and pH of the leachate from the raw waste after 120 hours of leaching are 29.33 gO2/kg DM, 14.00 g O2/kg DM, 4.27 ms/cm and 7.57. On the other hand, the values of the same quality parameters of the eluate generated by the waste without RDF are 19.33 g O2/kg DM, 20.67 g O2/kg DM, 2.77 ms/cm and 7.13; respectively. The calculation of GHG reduction shows that the substitution of 83,000 tonnes per year of petroleum coke by 15% of RDF (25,493 tonnes per year) can reduces 28,970 tCO2 eq.

The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of a hospital is very important to properly protect both patients and the staff against hospital infections. The present study aims at evaluating the efficiency of photocatalytic filters as well as the impact of important factors such as the type of UV wavelength (UVC, UVA) with different intensities and loading rates of TiO2 in HEPA Filters on reducing airborne microorganisms. For so doing, it has prepared photocatalytic filters by dipping them into 2% and 4% titanium dioxide suspensions as low and high loading, respectively. The experiments have been carried out on four species’ microorganisms, namely Epidermidis, Subtilis, Niger, and Penicillium. Fungi and bacteria suspensions have been prepared with concentrations of 106, 107 CFU/m3, respectively. In terms of microorganism removal, the efficiency of HEPA filters in both types of TiO2 loading and UVC and UVA radiations with two intensities at three times intervals (60, 90, and 120 min) have been investigated. Results show that lower penetration microorganism belong to PCO (TiO2 + UV), compared to photolysis (UV alone) at all intervals of UV radiation. TiO2 loading has no significant effect on percentage removal in all microorganisms. The percentage penetration of microorganisms under UVC radiation is lower than UVA radiation. Also, increasing the radiation intensity in both types of UV shows that it has higher effectiveness for removing bacteria and fungi. Therefore, the use of photocatalytic HEPA filters with UVC radiation can play an influential role in reduction of the microorganisms in different places such as hospitals, cleanrooms, etc.

Transformation of food and beverage industrial sludge into vermicompost into value-added product simultaneously can control gaseous emission. Addition of biochar in the vermicomposting as a bulking agent increases fertilizer value. This research aimed to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on vermicomposting of the food and beverage industry sludge (FBIS) and cow dung (CD) in a different ratio using earthworm Eisenia fetida. We had further investigated the survival rate of E. fetida and the cocoon productions after 35 days of the vermicomposting. Besides, we have also evaluated the seed germination bioassay using Malabar spinach (Basella alba) to determine the toxicity and maturity of produced compost. The survival and cocoon production of E. fetida were higher in vermicompost amended with 10% biochar. Vermicomposting with biochar resulted in a slight pH shift. Reduction in organic carbon (OC) percentage not so significant in biochar added FBIS and CD. An increase in phosphorus and potassium content and a decrease in nitrogen percentage observed; vermicomposting with biochar resulted in higher seed germination, root elongation, and germination index than vermicomposting without biochar.

In this paper, human hair, as a waste material, was utilized in order to prepare keratin nanoparticles. The characterization of keratin nanoparticles was performed applying Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The average diameter of keratin nanoparticles was found to be 63.7 nm, using particle size analyzer. Subsequently, the keratin nanoparticles were employed for Cr (VI) ions adsorption. The batch experiment was carried out to find the optimum conditions; i.e. contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of Cr (VI) ions. The adsorption capacity was extremely pH-dependent, and the maximum adsorption of Cr (VI) happened in the acidic pH range. The results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity, obtained in acidic pH, was 161.29 mg/g. The equilibrium data were well fitted by Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic studies were performed with the Lagergren’s first-order, Pseudo-second order, Elovich, and Intra-particle diffusion models. In this sense, in order to describe kinetic data, we came to this understanding that Pseudo-second order model was the best choice. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process indicated that the Cr (VI) adsorption on keratin nanoparticles is endothermic and spontaneous.