The authors reported an outbreak of infection occurring in a small poultry laying farm without obvious symptoms of sick birds. The mortality rate within a few week-period of onset was up to 50%. Post mortem examinations were conducted and the lesions were described. With the aid of bacteriological confirmation including biochemical and pathogenicity test, the cause of the disease was found to be Pasteurella multocida. None of the birds died after one-week treatment and management.

The adverse effects of Monensin sodium and Troleandomycin in commercial broiler chickens in a commercial farm, confirmed by experimentation, were exhibited as sudden onset, leg weakness, prostration, unable to stand up and death. Morbidity rate was 30%, mortality rate was over 10%. Postmortem examination of these birds showed no significant lesions.

The primary objective of this study is to determine the extent of agricultural cooperatives' contribution to fertilizer diffusion at the farm level. A systematic interview of villagers together with the observation of village behavior and attitude in rural Chiangmai form the hard core data on which the findings of this empirical study rest. Chi-square tests of independent variables have been employed to determine the relationship of agricultural cooperative membership and fertilizer adoption. None of the results is statistically significant. This implies that agricultural cooperative fails to influence fertilizer adoption in the research area. This is consistent and thus reinforced by the field observation. The failure of the agricultural cooperative in introducing fertilizer to farmers is due not only to the inefficiency of the cooperative but also the unfavorable price ratio between fertilizer and agricultural product as well as the unreliable quality of fertilizer. The field data collection was financed by an ADC research grant. The report writing has been made possible by ISEAS of Singapore.

Incidence of hydropsy-chick affected flocks from 12 commercial broiler farms in Chon-Buri Chachoeng-Sae and Samutprakarn was recorded. The age of chicks affected with hydropsy syndrome ranged from two to six weeks. The mortality rate was low (5-25%) and reached the peak when chicks were about four weeks of age. In all studied flocks, there had been previously an attack of pulmonary aspergillosis during the first week of life. The hydropsy chicks, at necropsy, showed ascites, hydropericardium, cardias dilatation -hydropericardium, cardiac dilatation with prominent nodular thickening of A-V valves and severe lung edema. Microscopic sections of the lungs revealed diffuse foci of Aspergillus-granulomata.

The outbreak of saprolegniasis in the experimental clariid catfish (Clarias batrachus) was observed in the fish diseases laboratory. The spread of this fungal disease was very rapid. The mortality and morbidity were 45% and 90% respectively. The sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) was considered as the source of disease. The infection disappeared in 9 days after the initial detection of the moribund catfish. The clinical signs, pathological appearance and the characteristics of the causative fungi were described.

Three swamp buffalo bulls aged 1.5, 1.10 and 2 years were submitted to frequent blood sampling every 15 m within a period of 25 hrs. Plasma LH and testosterone were quantified by radioimmunoassay method. The levels of the 2 hormones in each individual exhibited episodic and nonrhythmic patterns. The number of LH peaks varied according to individuals ranging from no peak in one bull to 2 in the other 2 bulls. The mean concentrations during the period of study for each bull were 0.74, 0.33, and 1.17 ng/ml. Whereas the number of testosterone peaks varied between 1-10 and the average testosterone concentration were 0.1, 0.33 and 0.55 ng/ml for the younger to the older bulls respectively. The testosterone peaks related to LH peaks in each individual bull.

A report of an outbreak of Aspergillus among 100,000 young chicks in a farm was presented. The mortality rate was 6 percent with pulmonary system, and about 4 percent were opthalmic lesions in either left or right side of the eye. The yellowish diphtheriatic membrane which is attached to the conjunctiva under the third eye lid contained numerous branching septated hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus. Histopathological examination of the affected eyes revealed inflammation of the conjuctiva, third eye lid, choroid and iris. Abundance of mononuclear cells and heterophils were observed in the affected tissue. Opacity of the cornea showed evidence of edema, heterophils infiltration and ulceration. The upper part of the wing of the same side of the affected eye were wet and dirty due to deposition of tear and dust.

Fifteen nodular lesions of the lungs caused by Fasciola sp. from slaughtered buffaloes (swamp type) were macroscopically and microscopically studied. All lesions were irregularly distributed in diaphragmatic lobes. Mixture of dark brown pigments and visible flukebodies oozing out on cut surfaces was a prominent characteristic. The flukes, with no evidence of sexual organs, were relatively much smaller than those in the biliary system of the liver. Microscopically, those lesions were similar to active paratitic granuloma. The adjacent areas showed subacute to chronic bronchopneumonia with intra-alveolar organization in some alveoli. The properties of fluke pigments, with application of some histochemical stains, are like those of hemosiderin pigments.