Spatial justiceand geographical justiceasfair distributionof services andamenitiesin order toachieveaharmonioussocietyandone of the socialjusticeapproach.Not proper distributionof services,leads toelimination ofthe justice and willincreasedissatisfaction of citizens from their location. The research method is descriptive – analytical. In order to analysis of how the distribution of services in neighborhoods of six region of Tehran, theLQ, standardized coefficient and VIKOR model is used.Then, using theCopelandmodeltocombinethe results ofthese modelsisdiscussed. The results show that an urban service is not distributed fairly in neighborhoods of this region. So that neighborhoods of Arjanteen – saei and MedaneValiasr in the best position and neighborhoods of Fatemi and Ghezelghale, are locatedat the lowest level in having of urban services distribution.Alsofindingsindicatedthat thespatial distribution of populationand servicesis not fair.Thus,considering the structure of coherent andsystematicof city, attention tothe spatialjustice ofdistributionservicein levelneighborhoods of six regionsanddistributionof these servicesaccording tothepopulation, has made itnecessary.

Positioning services are generally the activities in which all the features of a particular area are analyzed with regard to suitable land and its relation to the urban and rural functions. Choosing a location requires knowledge and accurate assessments, using appropriate models and tools. In this survey the was conducted in compliance with the standards and features of the site issue Geomorphic region has been examined and is The most important aim identify the status of military centers in the region and analyze environmental conditions and introduce suitable location for the construction military centers. The study is a descriptive-analytical one and benefiting from GIS, evaluates the border areas of South Ilam province and the positioning for the establishment of military centers with regard to the geomorphic and human criteria. therefore AHP model of GIS was used to determine the distribution of military centers of this area. It was finally concluded that %74 of the military centers of this part are placed in proper areas.

The objectives of this study were to investigate and to zoning desertification in a semi-arid region, khomein city using MEDALUS model. In first the study area was divided into four homogeneous land unites based on geomorphological facies. Then, based on input data in MEDALUS model, effective indicators in desertification including climate, vegetation, soil, erosion, groundwater resources and land management were selected. Then, the indices were weighted and the geometic mean was calculated and the map of each criteria was provided. The final map of desertification was prepared based on combination of all maps of each indicator.The results showed that 4.15%, 12.8%, 19.52%, 11.37%, 11.1%, 26.33%, and 14.7% of the study area are in vulnerable, low-intensity fragile, moderate intensity fragile, high intensity fragile, low-intensity critical, , moderate intensity critical, high intensity critical types, respectively.Also, investigation of desertification, relate to land use and land units exhibited that bared land and 1 and 2 land units, that has the most percent of critical type of desertification, is more capable to desertification comparing to other land use type

Nowadays as for increasing growth of urban population and then expedite and ungovernable development of cities, many issues and problems have been stand on human societies The assessment of change rate of urban settlements in Sari city in the past half-century shows significant increment of urban lands space over the city. Increment of urban settlements in mentioned area takes place regardless capabilities and restrictions on lands and also ecological capability assessment process of urban development which causes wide range of valuable lands to be destroyed. Ecological capability assessment process of urban development estimates possible utilization of human from land for urban development usage. The present study which is descriptive and analysis and applicable research, is done to achieve designing and using a holistic and flexible model in order to ecological capability assessment of urban development by utilizing ANP. Analysis network process is relatively a modern method in the field of environmental researches that is based on mutual influence of environmental standards and of course wisdom collective judgment. The results of present research led to offering lands zoning map of the under studding area based on Ecological capability assessment of urban development to optimize activities in order to preventing environmental imbalance.

After movement decision, determination of new location is one of the most critical steps in the process of movement. The reason is that the results of movement, which have several different aspects, are emerged in the long term. The previous experiences showed that the nonchalance in locating the new settlements leads to failure of several movement plans. This study is a descriptive-analytical research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the movement plans of Larini olya&sofla and Farrokh Abad in Ilam Province in terms of location through method of McHarg, and its needed data have been gathered through fieldwork and text study methods. The findings revealed that from perspective of a large part of criteria, the villages are in the appropriate and semi-appropriate conditions, but the slope of Larini village is inappropriate and Farrokh Abad village is inappropriate in terms of exposure to agricultural lands. Since there are a few situations in which settlements have all of the criteria, it can be concluded that the locations of these villages are appropriate from studied criteria, so the hypothesis is supported.

These days because of study process changes of land use into urban use, play an important role in long-term decision and planning, predicting process of land use changes and it's modeling with specific methods to manage and control of urban expansion is necessary. In the meantime one of the modeling methods of land use changes is Clue-s model. This model is used recently in urban studies, because of it's dynamic nature, ability to combine with other tools, ability to improve the model and accessibility of essential data. At the first step the articles purpose would be the explanation in ways and amounts of unused and agricultural lands conversion into built areas within the Esfahan 14'th region, and the next step would be future patterns modeling of these changes till 1405s vision with Clue-s. The theoretical principle of this article have been collected with documentary method and quantitative and comparative method have been used to analyses the topic. At first, effective factors of land use changes have been prepared and then to explain the relationship between changeable factors and independent factors, causal analysis Regration Logistic have been used within SPSS. T

Spatial planning concept refers to alignment and arrangement of relationship between people, space and activities at different geographical scales with emphasis on the role of decision-making and decision-taking. Objective of this research is investigating the spatial distribution and localization of therapeutic land use (important hospitals) of Mashhad city with passive defense approach. Although, emphasis is on passive defense approach, however, because it is closely tied to the issue of spatial planning (especially in urban scale), the findings of the study can also be effective in spatial planning and urban planning. Study area is city of Mashhad that with regard to the diversity of therapeutic spaces, major city hospitals were selected for final consideration. Research methodology is descriptive - analysis method. Findings of Research indicate that the main part of important hospitals in Mashhad have been concentrated in the central part of the city. These regions located in areas of high risk in terms of passive defense. Imbalance between density population and spatial distribution of hospitals in urban areas is strongly noticeable. Finally, with attention to investigations and results, some suggestions for reduction hazards of therapeutic spaces in times of crisis offered.

Many human activities due to the lack of consideration in environmental restrictions on the landscape ecology are influential and have severe environmental effects on natural ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the trend of changes in landscape ecology in Dehloran, Ilam. For developing maps of Land cover, and analyzing the changes, we used, respectively, the satellite images of (1985) TM and (2007) ETM + were applied and landscape metrics of class area, density of patches, number of patches, mean of patches size, edge density and mean of shape index Various class-level landscape pattern metrics were calculated using FRAGTATS, in order to analyze landscape fragmentation. The analysis of landscape metrics revealed that the extensive replacement of fair rangelands by agricultural lands, rangelands, residential areas and barren lands. The results showed that increase in the number of patches and decrease in the mean of the area size was an important indicator of significant index of degradation, and the process of degradation and destruction of landscape ecology was in an increase mood. Therefore the results necessitated paying attention to the quality of land use and cover in the region for to exploit natural resources appropriately and sustainably.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the contexts and barriers to smart growth in Khorramabad city center has been developed as a town, Method employing descriptive - survey is based on a library of resources. Based on the results of the survey show those respondents' views; The most significant growth potential of applying intelligent city of Khorramabad can be admitted in terms of demand and incentives, he said. Physical and environmental conditions Khorramabad as the potential for growth of smart cities are considered. The most significant barriers to smart growth policies in the city, including factors such as: Approaches to management, application distribution (distribution of their improper), and the cultural situation - socially and economically dominant city. It could have access to smart technology can play an important role in improving the living conditions of citizens may buy land.This will involve addressing important issues such as changes in system planning, urban management practices, infrastructure and culture is given.

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of development in partial of Bandar-Abbas city, using degradation model and analytical capability of GIS. In this regard, firstly the study area was divided into 149 grid cells of 900 hectares (6×6 cm; on map of 1:50000 scale). Then, on the basis of degradation model, destruction coefficients have been calculated in all units of network. Ecological vulnerability has been calculated and classified by using biophysical maps. Then, in the next stage, destruction factors has been determined and calculated also physiological density has been calculated and in final, destruction coefficients have been calculated in all impact units. The results show that 130 units (87.23%) of network; need to be restoration and 18 units (12.07%) require protective actions. In the study area, areas with prone to develop has achieved very small percentage (0.67%). This paper suggested applying environmental educations for beneficiaries and attractive their collaborations, to set environmental management system in industrial factories, and to apply environmental capability evaluation and supervising on implement of state land use plans and EIA to prevent of the destruction.