Ports in most parts of the world play a great role in creating integrity between the prosperous of the regions and balancing the supply chain (production, distribution, and consumption). This article is to analyze the spatial interaction between the southern ports of Iran and local-regional hinterlands and explain the role of ports in shaping the spatial structure. For this purpose, a network analysis of commodity flows method is used in 1996, 2006 and 2015. The findings indicate that southern Iran's ports are often the importer of consumer goods in the populated centers, located in regional hinterlands, and, at best, have exported energy sources and raw materials. While urban centers, located in local hinterlands, do not play an effective role in the production and delivery of goods to ports, they are often dependent on the regional center (Shiraz) to meet their consumption needs. It revealed that although the process of spatial inequality has been moving towards greater balance over the past two decades, the development of medium-sized ports and local nodes in the contiguous hinterlands and forelands has led to a balanced monocentric spatial structure in this region.

By predicting land use changes, the extent of the expansion and destruction of resources can be determined, and future policies can be pushed in the right direction. The aim of this study is modeling the land use changes process in Mashhad by using Landsat satellite images related to 1989, 2008, and 2014. Initially, based on the hybrid method (unsupervised and supervised classification combination), land uses were classified into six classes. Then, by using the Markov chain, the transmission matrix between 1989 and 2008 was calculated and by applying it in the Markov-CA model, the land use map for 2014 was predicted. In the following, the predicted land use map for 2014 with the actual 2014 land use map was compared with the Crosstab table, and the total Kappa coefficient was 0.91. Accordingly, the accuracy of the predicted Markov-CA model was confirmed. Finally, this model was used to predict land use in 2030. Therefore, by entering the 2014 reference map as the base map, the 2030 land use map prediction map was extracted. The results showed that from 1998 to 2030 there will be an increasing trend in urban and arid lands and a decreasing trend in agricultural lands and gardens. The results indicate that the Markov-CA model can contribute to the design of a sustainable urban system.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation in Qom and its regions in terms of the water poverty index, which identifies the zonal differences and the dimensions and strengths and weaknesses of each. The basis for determining the Water Poverty Index is the Sullivan method, which is a weight linear combination of components (resources, costs, environment, capacity, and access). The required data were collected through related organizations and analyzed in the framework of this method. There is a difference between the five sections of the county in terms of poverty. Weakness in resources is a common feature among zones, which is significant in some zones and moderate in the others. Also, in terms of human capacity, almost all regions have a good status that can be regarded as a strength. Water consumption management, as the most important option, should be at the forefront of planning and considering the inability to expand water resources. Currently, more than twice as much of renewable water resources are being extracted. The best way to manage water poverty is to make optimal use of available resources and capacities and to focus on research principles, rather than the expansion of water resources in a variety of ways, which can increase the territorial imbalances, domestic disturbance, and lack of control on consumption and so on.

Developing according to foreign investment in South Korea is an economic miracle of contemporary century. The evolution of economic miracle has been accomplished by complete success of spatial planning. The most striking feature of spatial planning in South Korea is its implementation. Using descriptive- analytical method, this paper will seek success procedure of South Korea spatial planning and basic role of government in order to respond three questions: how government of South Korea was able to achieve such successes? Applying spatial planning as a tool in this process, which role government play? And what doctrines have this experiment in order to apply in Iran? Spatial planning of South Korea implement in three scale of master land, regional and urban plan. Urban planning of Korea has a three-tier structure. Urban master plan determine long-term growth path and future image of city in the upper level, urban management plan present program of city with binding rules and objective details in the next level, and the manner of programs and necessary strategies implementation in the third level. Urban management plan, including zoning plan (land use), urban facility plan, Maintenance plan of the city (time-out texture) and detailed plan of regions, is an unique, thorough and so successful sample among different countries and its doctrine is exploitable for Iran which has no land use and urban facilities plan and no sufficient and necessary solidarity in the field of time-out textures and detailed plan. Administrative identical process, preparing all plans by executors and approving lower – rank plans by preparers of upper – rank plans are another striking feature applying in spatial planning system of Korea which is major factors of urban plans implementation.

In order to land cover change modeling and detect to possibility of predict the future trend of Land Change modeler (LCM) was used. VNIR Data ASTER Sensor of TERRA satellite with spatial resolution of 15m for three periods 2000, 2007 and 2016 from Gilan-e-Gharb forests of Kermanshah province were analyzed. Land cover maps of years 2000, 2007 and 2016 four categories: forest cover, pasture lands, agricultural lands and built-up area areas for each of images were extracted. The results of data analysis in the first period (2000-2007) and the second period (2007-2016) showed the greatest increase in agricultural lands and pasture lands have the greatest decrease area. Based on these changes and by taking eight independent variable, transition potential modeling of 2016 was done using Artificial Neural Network. Then by hard predict model and images were classified of first period (2000- 2007), the land cover map in 2016 using Land Change Modeler was predicted. After evaluating the model, 83.09 and 71.10 overall accuracy was obtained for the first and second periods showed the consistency between prediction map and classified map of year 2016. The land cover maps by entering the second period (2007-2016) to Land Change Modeler the land.

The process of proposing solutions to solve the problems of the capital, after undergoing different stages has reached to the law of feasibility study of transmission of the political center of the country and reorganization and decentralization of Tehran. The aim of this study is to address Article one of this law, and offering reorganization and decentralization pattern. The research method is descriptive and analytical and it is an applied research. Data collection was conducted by documents, and survey research. The results suggest that we should discard the first part of this law and replace it with the reorganization and decentralization solutions. Also the results indicate that items including lack of strict enforcement of existing laws, point-wise look to Tehran and not considering the urban area as a whole, lack of attention to the problematic aspects of centralization (economic aspects), lack of simultaneous development of organization and decentralization policies have all weakened the organization and decentralization policies to some extent. In this regard, the list of strategies were derived from literature review extracted and were screened using the Delphi method. Finally, 30 key strategies in the template of reorganization and decentralization pattern of Tehran was approved by Delphi panel members.

The consideration of Tehran metropolis and its soundings areas has been the first one of recent challenges in Iran’s spatial planning which made it possible to develop the concepts such metropolitan region and conurbation. However, it is obvious that there appears to be a much more proper structure due to neo-regionalism and globalization in order to understanding of dynamic nature of Tehran and its surrounding. Nowadays, spatial phenomena have probably influenced by the physical and political boundaries which did not make the functional nature of interactions of these regions. City- region is among concepts that have not received due attention in recent years and was only discussed and presented in academic circles. This is perhaps a result of too much focus on the issues within cities. This paper has tried to present an optimum city-region spatial model that matches the spatial structure of our country as much as possible. After determining the required indexes by using of 85 city points in 250 kilometers distances from Tehran, the spatial boundaries of Tehran city-region is determined through flow analysis and estimations of distance from center and finally, by the using of analytical and adaptive methods the spatial model for Tehran city- region, with two cores and 41 peripheral cities will be presented. It is the functional foot print of Tehran metropolis based on daily and weekly commuting by a spatial logic.

Regional differences and inequality in many countries is a major challenge in the way of achieving balanced development goals, particularly those countries such as Iran which sovereign a large geographical territory. Due to past poor national and focused planning, development and its basis in geographical regions of the country, has revealed significant differences in the development process. Analysis has been done using documentary and survey data collection methods and a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data were gathered through documents, questionnaires and Delphi techniques. Then in the second stage of Delphi, using the opinions of experts and officials in charge of the study area, cross-impact matrix was completed in order to evaluate the impact of factors on each other in regional imbalances of Gilan province. Then, with the use of analytical techniques and software MicMac, factors related to inequality of Gilan province were studied and by analyzing the effect of variables in the creation of regional imbalances, the key factor ,”spatial one-dimensional development“ was identified and finally appropriate strategies to equilibra in Gilan province were presented.

Tourism is an important tool for development in the world. Many countries attention to their policies and programs, to continue the development of Tourism as an effective tool in political, cultural and economic developments. This study discusses the identification of key factors believable and optimal future in the future of Hamadan province's regional tourism. The study, in terms of functional purpose, In terms of type, combination of documentary and survey methods, In terms of nature, Based on new methods of futures studies, analysis and discoveries which uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative models has been done. Given the importance of this research, In this study, Structural Analysis, methods, Scenario Planning and Delphi have been used. The results showed that 14 key factor impressive the future of tourism development in Hamadan province. These factors based on a scenario analysis lead to 41 possible statuses. After analyzing the probable scenarios, 4111 scenarios with low probability, 14 believable scenario and 5 scenarios with high probability in the development of tourism in the Hamadan province were identified. Finally, Article provides strategies for the Hamadan province's tourism development.

In the present research land use changes modeling in the Urmia city is considered in order to detect changes in agricultural lands. In this regard, Landsat satellite images were used and then the object base processing satellite images was performed by applying the process segmentation and in the next stage, the optimization of scale segmentation and image analysis to its constituent elements, the object basic algorithms according to the physical condition, geometric of each land-use classes were used. During images processing in addition to spectral data, the data in the form of homogeneous, shape and texture (GLCM) were used for land use extraction. The results show that the Urmia city had so many physical expand in the past 31 years so that its area has increased from 7.43% of the total study area in 1363 to 30.75 in 1394. This increase was rectify by the reduction of agricultural lands so that  large amount of agricultural lands have been used for construction purposes which has caused land degradation, particularly fertile lands in this area, particularly within the Shahr chay river, Mahabad road, Sero road, Darya road and the  road of Salmas.