Iran needs population growth in order to achieve high weight in the region and world as well as to obviate peripheral threats. Iran's area is so vast that it can accommodate more population than the current population. The country having population density of 46 individuals per square kilometer ranks 162 in the world. However, quality and efficacy are necessary for a population to lead high weight. Therefore, it has been attempted in this research to explain necessity of population growth of the country geographically; and to study optimization of indices for these changes and policy making in order to lead the changes in the framework of the land preparation plans. The research questions are: Which indices are considered as priority from the view point of the land preparation, concerning the population growth; and which areas and provinces are more apt to accommodate more population? General purpose of this study is to consider crucial land preparation indices in population growth policy and to prioritize provinces based on the indices. The research method is descriptive-analytical.

Decentralization is the strategy which democratizes of the political system and accelerating to achieve sustainable development, which currently has made the executive government circles become a hot issue. Despite the focused concentration of power and decision-making at the center or top-level officials, decentralization make this possibility to deal with low levels issues and problems of they own directly. Thus, this paper uses the method of descriptive - analytic and with a library collection - documents to review tackles decentralization and define the decentralization policy in Iran before and after the revolution program. Evaluation results show that in spite of decentralization policyIn most cases, development programs, unfortunately, these programs have not been successful and convergence has intensified in Tehran. Reality still shows the focus of activities, services and decision-making centers in Tehran. So the solution is to reduce the concentration of political power - administrative and decision-making and management of the local administration and management of provincial to provide the main way to deal with the approach of decentralization and reform of the governance structure and the reduced concentration of Tehran and the development of developing countries, decentralization

Positioning services are generally the activities in which all the features of a particular area are analyzed with regard to suitable land and its relation to the urban and rural functions. Choosing a location requires knowledge and accurate assessments, using appropriate models and tools. In this survey the was conducted in compliance with the standards and features of the site issue Geomorphic region has been examined and is The most important aim identify the status of military centers in the region and analyze environmental conditions and introduce suitable location for the construction military centers. The study is a descriptive-analytical one and benefiting from GIS, evaluates the border areas of South Ilam province and the positioning for the establishment of military centers with regard to the geomorphic and human criteria. therefore AHP model of GIS was used to determine the distribution of military centers of this area. It was finally concluded that %74 of the military centers of this part are placed in proper areas.

Nowadays as for increasing growth of urban population and then expedite and ungovernable development of cities, many issues and problems have been stand on human societies The assessment of change rate of urban settlements in Sari city in the past half-century shows significant increment of urban lands space over the city. Increment of urban settlements in mentioned area takes place regardless capabilities and restrictions on lands and also ecological capability assessment process of urban development which causes wide range of valuable lands to be destroyed. Ecological capability assessment process of urban development estimates possible utilization of human from land for urban development usage. The present study which is descriptive and analysis and applicable research, is done to achieve designing and using a holistic and flexible model in order to ecological capability assessment of urban development by utilizing ANP. Analysis network process is relatively a modern method in the field of environmental researches that is based on mutual influence of environmental standards and of course wisdom collective judgment. The results of present research led to offering lands zoning map of the under studding area based on Ecological capability assessment of urban development to optimize activities in order to preventing environmental imbalance.

After movement decision, determination of new location is one of the most critical steps in the process of movement. The reason is that the results of movement, which have several different aspects, are emerged in the long term. The previous experiences showed that the nonchalance in locating the new settlements leads to failure of several movement plans. This study is a descriptive-analytical research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the movement plans of Larini olya&sofla and Farrokh Abad in Ilam Province in terms of location through method of McHarg, and its needed data have been gathered through fieldwork and text study methods. The findings revealed that from perspective of a large part of criteria, the villages are in the appropriate and semi-appropriate conditions, but the slope of Larini village is inappropriate and Farrokh Abad village is inappropriate in terms of exposure to agricultural lands. Since there are a few situations in which settlements have all of the criteria, it can be concluded that the locations of these villages are appropriate from studied criteria, so the hypothesis is supported.

During last two decades, rural-urban linkages in the form of regional interaction networks have been analyzed particularly in the geographical literature. In respect to economic linkages, periodic markets network could be assumed as one of the most important markets. In the sustainable social- economic conditions, this can result in positive and reciprocal functions. This study aims to determine the role of periodic markets network in regional development around Tehran metropolis. In this descriptive-analytical research, 199 sellers and 384 buyers in 49 periodic markets surrounding Tehran Metropolis were studied. To measure the effective factors in the establishment of periodic markets network and regional development, five indicators such as population size, share of urban wholesalers, share of urban and rural street vendors, share of agricultural and non-agricultural products and share of intra-area and regional transportation network were chosen. Results showed that population size and the convergent role of rural and urban street vendors associated with the development of intra-area transportation network were effective in the establishment and sustainability of rural and urban periodic markets network and regional development. It is proposed to note promoting share of direct supply of rural agricultural and non-agricultural products to these markets for rural- urban balanced development.

The objectives of this study were to investigate and to zoning desertification in a semi-arid region, khomein city using MEDALUS model. In first the study area was divided into four homogeneous land unites based on geomorphological facies. Then, based on input data in MEDALUS model, effective indicators in desertification including climate, vegetation, soil, erosion, groundwater resources and land management were selected. Then, the indices were weighted and the geometic mean was calculated and the map of each criteria was provided. The final map of desertification was prepared based on combination of all maps of each indicator.The results showed that 4.15%, 12.8%, 19.52%, 11.37%, 11.1%, 26.33%, and 14.7% of the study area are in vulnerable, low-intensity fragile, moderate intensity fragile, high intensity fragile, low-intensity critical, , moderate intensity critical, high intensity critical types, respectively.Also, investigation of desertification, relate to land use and land units exhibited that bared land and 1 and 2 land units, that has the most percent of critical type of desertification, is more capable to desertification comparing to other land use type

The appropriate locate of uses and the justice of in Spatial distribution is very significant in planning the urban land use. The high increase in physical and population development of city, the shortage of services uses and lack of equity to allocate the sorts of land uses in various areas in Kashan, cause the confusion in urban land use and endanger the city sustainable development. However , recognizing and revising each one of the city uses to achieve the appropriate criteria and the principles of planning in city sustainable development are the most important activities in this field. The method to the research is descriptive -analytic, which has engaged in assessing and evaluating the quality and quantity of urban uses in Kashan, by considering two significant and effective standards in land use (including capacity and social justice)and putting GIS software into operation in the framework of entropy standard model and the average of nearest neighbor and per capita standard. The results of the research indicate that uses do not have appropriate Spatial and locative distribution, so that analyzing them with the capacity indexes and social justice, indicates the quality and quantity commotion in uses of tenfold areas in Kashan.

Balancing in territories settlements, especially in the urban systems, is important for spatial planning. According to studies carried out in a non-equilibrium state of the urban system and the primacy phenomenon is evident at national and regional levels in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to explore the urban hierarchy of Qom province, especially in the course of time. This study, is descriptive and analytical method and developmental research by purpose. Documentary methods have been used for data collection. In order to analyze the urban system has been used many indicators (primacy, two city, Mehta, Moomaw&Alwosabi, Kinsburg, scattering coefficient, Herfindahl, Shannon entropy, size- rank and improved size-rank). The results show province of Qom has 6 city that all cities don’t have record high urbanization except the city of Qom. Also, all indicators show that the city of Qom has the strongest urban prime rate, concentration and imbalance. Even become the province of Qom and the formation of new urban areas couldn't reduce imbalances.

Spatial justiceand geographical justiceasfair distributionof services andamenitiesin order toachieveaharmonioussocietyandone of the socialjusticeapproach.Not proper distributionof services,leads toelimination ofthe justice and willincreasedissatisfaction of citizens from their location. The research method is descriptive – analytical. In order to analysis of how the distribution of services in neighborhoods of six region of Tehran, theLQ, standardized coefficient and VIKOR model is used.Then, using theCopelandmodeltocombinethe results ofthese modelsisdiscussed. The results show that an urban service is not distributed fairly in neighborhoods of this region. So that neighborhoods of Arjanteen – saei and MedaneValiasr in the best position and neighborhoods of Fatemi and Ghezelghale, are locatedat the lowest level in having of urban services distribution.Alsofindingsindicatedthat thespatial distribution of populationand servicesis not fair.Thus,considering the structure of coherent andsystematicof city, attention tothe spatialjustice ofdistributionservicein levelneighborhoods of six regionsanddistributionof these servicesaccording tothepopulation, has made itnecessary.