Compost is usually made of biodegradable wastes. Today, compost, bio-agent bacteria and mycorrhizae are used as the key components of sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to determine the effects of compost treatments alone and combined with bacteria, mycorrhiza and commercial fertilizers on growth, flower and bulb quality parameters of the ‘Jan van Nes’ tulip cultivar. Compost was made of grape pomace and set at different EC levels. Three different compost ratios (0%, 20% and 40%), three different EC levels (0.75, 1.10, and 1.45 dS/m) and combinations with or without bacteria and mycorrhizae were experimented. Flower stalk length, perianth length and vase life were identified as the most striking parameters for growth and flowering of tulip plants. The best outcomes in terms of flower stem length (34.20 cm), perianth length (44.85 mm) and vase life (7.00 days) were obtained from 0% compost treatments. Increasing compost ratios had adverse effects on plant growth and bacteria and mycorrhizae treatments alone did not provide any significant effects. However, combining with different compost ratios increased the effectiveness of bacteria and mycorrhiza. EC of 0.75 yielded better results than the other EC levels.

Soil is one of the most important factors affecting the plant development on the basis. The method mostly applied for the purpose of accelerating the plant development and ensuring the increase in products is to increase the nutrients in the soil, namely fertilization. Fertilization ensures lots of food elements in the soil to get mixed in the soil and change the soil composition. Another factor affecting the plant growth speed and productivity is shadowing. Shadow conditions change the light receiving amounts of the plant and directly affect the plant photosynthesis speed. In addition; shadowing not only affects the dissolution and in-soil mixture speed of the fertilizers applied to the soil, but it also directly affects the humidity content of the soil. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the food element changes in the soil on the lavender individuals grown under different shadow conditions and fertilized with different fertilizers. The lavender used in the study has been selected due to the fact that it adapts to dry areas, it is abstinent in terms of soil and it is an important and income-generating medical aromatic plant. As a result of the study, it has been determined that shadowing statistically affects salt, carbon, phosphor, nitrogen and potassium and fertilization statistically affects phosphor, nitrogen, potassium, carbon and salt at least at 95% confidence level.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is one of the important antioxidants, which naturally present in seminal plasma of fish. On the other hand, whether its effect may improve sperm quality following cryopreservation process still remains its uncertainty. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse the effect of different extenders supplemented with different ascorbic acid concentrations on post-thaw motility and fertility of frozen-thawed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm. Selected sperm samples were pooled and diluted at 1:3 ratios with two different extenders (E) composing such as (E-1) 300 mM glucose, 10% egg yolk and 10% DMSO and (E-2) 0.6 mM sucrose and 10% DMSO. Each extender was supplemented with vitamin C at 1, 5 and 10 mM concentrations. Following dilution, the sperm was loaded into 0.25 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. The straws were then plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Fertilization was carried out using the dry fertilization technique. Highest post-thaw motility (50±5.77) and fertilization (56±1.00) results were obtained with the extender-1 (E-1) containing 10% DMSO concentration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that addition of ascorbic acid to the extenders improved rainbow trout sperm motility resulting higher fertilization of the eggs.