This study was performed to investigate how to smoke solution affects dry matter loss, crude protein (CP) and toxic compound ODAP contents of grass pea in hydroponic media during seven days period. Three doses of smoke solutions (1, 5 and 10%, V: V) by diluting with tap water were applied to seeds as priming agent, and tap water was used as a control (0%). The experiment was arranged according to the split-plot design with three replications. Compared to seed, significant change was detected in hydroponic sprouts depending on the day in terms of dry matter loss and chemical content. Grass pea sprouts had higher CP and lower ODAP content than seed, even in control treatment. Furthermore, smoke solution increased the efficiency of system by increase CP, decrease ODAP content and also decreases dry matter loss, with significant effect on doses. CP of sprouts increased day by day and was the highest on day 6 (36.27%) at the 10% dose of smoke solution followed by 5% on day 7 (36.09%). ODAP decreased up to day 6 and then began to increase, but it was lower than control at all doses of solution during to experiment. This study showed that grass pea is suitable crop for hydroponic forage produce and that smoke solution can make a significant contribution to yield and quality of sprouts, especially at the dose of 10%. However, when the yield, nutritional value, and safe use were evaluated together, it was observed that the best time for harvesting was the end of the 6th day and delaying did not provide a significant advantage and even occurred undesirable results in terms of ODAP and dry matter.

In this study, the effect of different concentrations of smoke solution derived from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on root and shoot growth of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) was investigated in pots, in petri dishes (in vivo) and in vitro conditions. Smoke solution was obtained from hookah method and different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were prepared by diluting the stock solution with distilled water and, distilled water was used as control. Solutions were used starting water of petri and perlite media and to prepare MS0 for in vitro condition. Nodal segments of grass pea seedlings as explants were cultured on MS0 medium in vitro. Plant nutrients, antioxidants, organic or inorganic chemicals, and plant growth regulators are commonly used for plant development both in vivo and in vitro. However, their use has risks in terms of economic costs as well as nature, environment and human health. Therefore, use of naturally derived chemicals in these applications has great advantages. Observations for in vivo conditions were determinate after 7 days from sowing and 15 days after in vitro culture. The longest root length (6.089 cm) was determined in 75% smoke solution of sage and, while the longest shoot length (3.026 cm) was obtained from 100% smoke solution of sage on petri media. In perlite media, the highest root and shoot length were observed in pure water (control). İn vitro conditions, although shoot formation was above 85% in all applications, root formation was under 33%. The shortest shoot length was obtained from smoke solutions of 100% (5.02 cm), the longest shoot length was obtained from 25% and 75% concentrations of smoke solution, respectively 8.35 and 8.94 cm.