The present study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the inlet, irrigation outlet, and edges linked to Nuwarawewa reservoir, Mahakanadarawa reservoir, Hurulu wewa reservoir, Sangilikandarawa reservoir, and Nachchaduwa perennial reservoir in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Water samples were taken from a designated position of each inlet, irrigation output, and edges in the second inter-monsoon, northeast monsoon, and first inter-monsoon seasons. Water quality indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), NO3- -N, NH4+-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) concentrations were measured in each water sample. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistica software. Considerable temporal fluctuations in water quality indicators were detected in inlets, irrigation outflows, and edges over the research period. The findings revealed that NO3- -N, NH4+-N, and DRP in Sangilikandarawa reservoir during the northeast monsoon were close but not above the FAO (1985) maximum levels guidelines for irrigation water. pH, EC, TDS, and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in all the other tanks were within permitted values according to WHO drinking water quality standards and FAO (1985) guidelines for irrigation water. This finding further demonstrated that the consequences of surrounding land use on water pollution in inlet water canals linked to Sangilikandarawa and Nuwarawewa are greater. It could be concluded that a pollution management plan needs to be implemented in order to stop further pollution.

Six different temperate zone species of Cyprinidae family members, which are adapted to different harsh environmental conditions, were analyzed versus cold-acclimated Salmonid. Hemoglobin diversity in the studied species was investigated with a modified form of isoelectric pH: 3.5-10 ampholite system. 6 isohemoglobin bands were observed for cold-acclimated Oncorhynchus mykiss 8 isohemoglobin were observed for Chalcalburnus tarichi 9 for Cyprinion macrostomus and Sarkisla (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio, 11 Garra rufa and finally 12 for Todurge (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio. Cathodic/anodic ratios were found equal to 1for control and the fish adapted to available conditions. However, these ratios were found below 1 when environmental conditions were changed for fish, which are adapted to these poorly oxygenated conditions. Different environmentally adapted fish species are representing various isohemoglobins bands pattern. The species used as a control group in this study shown the lower isohemoglobin bands form. On the other hand, different forms of temperate climate Cyprinidae family member are produced isohemoglobins bands pattern, and the number of these band were higher than control group, depending on different adaptation conditions. The majority of these protein bands were anadic and it can be said that fish are producing anodic hemoglobin protein, when environmental conditions was changed to poorly oxygenated milieu.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors that are effective in the adaption of high system viticulture by Erbaa narince vineyard leaf producers.Comparative analysis of the two groups using primary data collected from a total of 112 farmers, of which 44 were engaged in high-system viticulture and 68 were engaged in viticulture according to goble training system in 8 villages where it was appropriate to interview 25% of the total 33 villages in Erbaa. it is made. Demographic characteristics of producers such as number of households, education level, age and gender were examined. Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether social, economic and adoption factors differ in terms of groups. The factors that were effective in the adoption of high system viticulture were determined as the age of the producer, agricultural income, total vineyard area and viticulture experience. High system viticulture, which has been tried to be expanded in Erbaa since 1998, has not been found to be at the desired level. It is important to develop attractive credit facilities for directing in viticulture according to goble training system producers to high system viticulture, facilitate application processes in material and certified seedling support, and announcing supports to producers, increase the training-extension activities related to high system viticulture.

Different brewing methods can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of green tea. In this study, the physicochemical properties of green tea brewed with different amounts (5, 7.5 and 10 grams) and times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 minutes) were investigated. Green tea produced by Çaykur was used in the study. Mineral analysis of green tea samples was performed with ICP-OES, and color analysis was performed with Minolta Spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method and the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. In terms of mineral content, it was determined highest levels of mineral content (mg/kg) for Al, Ca and Mg (10 g-25 minutes); Fe, Mn and Na (10 g-25 minutes); and B (10 g-50 minutes) as 16.005, 4.099, 24.075, 0.120, 13.855, 1.320 and 0.164, respectively. It was determined lowest levels of mineral content (mg/kg) for Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn (5 g-5 minutes); B and Fe (5 g-10 minutes), and Na (5 g-15 minutes) as 2.756, 1.193, 3.324, 1.23, 0.025, 0.002 and 0.48, respectively. In terms of color, it was determined that the lowest and highest L* values are 39.97 (10 g-45 minutes) -54.23 (5 g-35 minutes), lowest and highest a* values are -2.24 (5 g-5 minutes) (-4.70) (7.5 g-35 minutes) and lowest and highest b* values are 4.91 (5 g-5 minutes)- 23.98 (10 g-60 minutes). The antioxidant activity value (inhibition %) in green tea was found to be the range of 28.51 % (5 g, 45 minutes)- 47.95 (10 g- 40 minutes), and the total phenolic content (mg GAE/mL) was found to be the range of 15.99 (5 g, 5 minutes)- 35.61 (10 g, 15 minutes). The findings determined that green tea brewed with different amounts and times showed statistical differences in terms of color, mineral content, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content.

The main purpose of this study is to compare the perceived stress level of university students in terms of body-mass index categories and gender. 235 university students (183 female, 53 male) between the ages of 18-40 participated in the study. Participants were selected from six different departments of six universities by convenient sampling. In the study, a personal information form asking about university, department, age, disease status, drug use, weight, height and gender, and a perceived stress scale were used as data collection tools. While body mass index (BMI) categories and gender were determined as independent variables in the study, perceived stress level was determined as dependent variable and the data were analysed with a one-way ANOVA test. The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the perceived stress levels of the participants in terms of gender and body mass index categories. However, for one factor of the stress scale (readiness to cope with stress), participants in the normal body mass index range reported significantly less stress than participants in the obese body mass index range. The findings will be discussed in the light of the literature.

Promoting the agricultural sector with up-to-date technologies and inputs is convenient to enhance productivity. Production intervention is needed by introducing and adopting proper agronomic practices. Improved agricultural technologies increase production, quality, sustain food security, economic development and natural resource conservation. Koka, Meki and Ziway are known for their vegetable production as well as intensive agrochemicals consumption. Agrochemicals are applied on farm to enhance soil fertility, reduce pathogens, and induce plant growth. Tomato is one of the main commercial cash crops in these areas. Most commercially productive tomato varieties are highly sensitive to disease, vulnerable to nutrient deficiency, and other abiotic stress that requires rigorous agrochemical inputs. Ethiopian tomato production is very low due to various contributing factors including lack of improved varieties, diseases, pests, poor farming system, soil fertility maintenance as well as poor irrigation system. Farmers in the study areas applied inaccurate agrochemicals dose, rate, and application schedule that foster repeated spray. Intense agrochemical application leads to adverse environmental and health impacts due to deposit of toxic chemicals, residue leakage to water bodies and air pollution. It is important to practice proper agricultural inputs, reduce hazardous chemical residues, protect humans, other beneficial organisms and the environment. Moreover, developing IPM technology is recommended for better healthy agricultural production and sustainability.

In the current research, it was aimed to determine the effect of the use of under sieve beans, which are not suitable for human consumption, in the diets of growing quails on performance, carcass, and serum parameters. For this purpose, a total of 240-day-old quail chicks were randomly distributed to 6 treatment groups with 40 quail chicks in each, with 4 replicates. In the study, quails were fed with 6 different treatment diets containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 g/kg of under sieve beans. The results of the study demonstrated that the feed intake, mortality, carcass yield, thigh+drumstick, breast, liver, heart weights and serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, and urea levels of quails were not affected by the use of under sieve beans in the diet. The body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were considerably affected by the treatments and the best results in terms of these parameters were obtained in the group using under sieve beans at the level of 40 g/kg. Compared to the control group, pancreas weight increased in the 80 and 100 g/kg under sieve bean groups, while abdominal fat weight decreased in the 100 g/kg under sieve bean group. Serum glucose level increased significantly with the use of under sieve beans in the diet. The serum amylase level, on the other hand, was minimum with the use of 100 g/kg of under sieve beans in the diet. According to the results obtained, it can be said that raw under sieve beans could be used at the level of 40 g/kg without any adverse effects in growing quail diets.

Kanser tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların etkileri yalnızca kanser hücrelerine özgü olmayıp sağlıklı hücreleri de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada antikanser bir ilaç olan paklitaksel’in (PAX) böbrek dokusundaki olası zararlı etkilerine karşı antioksidan etkileriyle öne çıkan silimarin’in (SLY) olası koruyucu etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Toplam 28 adet Sprague-Dawley cinsi dişi sıçandan rastgele bir seçimle: Kontrol, PAX, SLY ve PAX + SLY olmak üzere dört grup (n=7) oluşturuldu. PAX grubuna 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal yolla PAX, SLY grubuna oral gavaj sonda ile 100 mg/kg SLY, PAX + SLY grubuna ise önceki gruplarla aynı doz ve yolla PAX ve SLY uygulandı. Deneysel işlemlerin sonunda hayvanlardan alınan kan ve böbrek dokularında yapılan biyokimyasal analizlerde PAX’ın, böbrek dokusunda oksidatif stresi, serumda ise kreatinin (Cr) ve kan üre azotu (blood urea nitrogen, BUN) seviyelerini artırdığı tespit edildi. Böbrek dokusunda yapılan histopatolojik incelemelerde PAX’ın renal korpüskül atrofisi, fırçamsı kenarda hasar, vakuolar dejenerasyon ve deskuamasyon gibi patolojik değişikliklere yol açtığı gözlendi. Antienflamatuar, antiapoptotik ve antioksidan etkilere sahip bir farmakolojik ajan olan SLY uygulanması ise, PAX kullanımı sonucu meydana bu gelen patolojik değişiklikleri büyük oranda engelledi. Mevcut çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar PAX ile yapılacak tedavilerde böbrek dokusunda şekillenecek zararlı etkilere karşı koruyucu olarak SLY’nin kullanılabileceğini gösterdi.

This study analysed the economics of plantain production in Northeast Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to; describe plantain farmers’ socio-economic characteristics in Northeast Nigeria; identify factors affecting plantain production in the study area, and also ascertain farmers’ resource use efficiency in plantain production. The study adopted a multi-stage sampling technique to collect primary data from 250 plantain farmers selected from 13 communities. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and a stochastic frontier model were used. The finding of the study indicated that most (86.8%) of the respondents were male, having an average age of the respondents was 39.15 years, who are mostly educated (92.8%) and cultivate an average of 2.39 ha of land. The stochastic frontier production function maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters indicated that the production of plantain is determined by farm size, the number of suckers planted, the amount of hired labour used, and family labour. Similarly, the plantain production cost is being influenced by the cost of plantain suckers, labour, and the depreciated cost of land. Furthermore, the study revealed that the farmers were technically and allocatively efficient, although, the maximum technical efficiency was not achieved by farmers. Therefore, it was recommended that agricultural extension agents should be encouraged to reach plantain farmers with the required production technologies to promote production efficiency.

The experiment was conducted under in-vivo condition in a betelvine baroj at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Nineteen isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii collected from different regions of Bangladesh designated as isolate-1 to isolate-19. Soil inoculated with S. rolfsii exhibited mycelial growth on the soil surface and around the base of the betelvine plant within 2-4 days after inoculation. Only 2 days after inoculation were required to manifest cottony colony on soil surface near root zone of inoculated betelvine plants by the isolate-3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. The first disease symptoms were observed within 6 to 16 days after inoculation where minimum days were required by the isolate-9 and maximum by the isolate-2 and 14. The highest lesion length (6.50 cm) was produced by the isolate-9 and isolate-13. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic in some cases, disease delayed due to their degree of pathogenicity. The isolate-9 showed highest disease incidence of 100% which was superior as compared to all other isolates at 15 days after inoculation. The isolate-19 showed least disease incidence of 66.66% even at 30 days after inoculation. Among the isolates, the most pathogenic one was isolate-9 collected from Kaligonj upazilla of Jhenaidah.