Increasing human population places pressure on agriculture. To feed this population, two time increase in the current wheat production is needed. Today agriculture is becoming input intensive with more reliance on synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals to fulfil the feed demand of the growing numbers. Use of synthetic fertilizer since last few years is impacting the soil quality. In this scenario, the use of beneficial endophytic microbes is an attractive strategy to overcome the use of synthetic products. To investigate the effect of consortium application of endophytic bacteria and fungus on plant growth, grain yield moisture status, a pot experiment was conducted in different wheat lines. It comprised four treatments like control, application of bacterial strain Bacillus sp. MN54, fungal strain Trichoderma sp. MN6, and their consortium (Bacillus sp. MN54 + Trichoderma sp. MN6). The effect of consortium application was more prominent and significantly different from the sole application of bacteria and fungus. The results showed that with a consortium application of endophytic bacteria and fungus, there was 28.6, 4.3, -6.3 and -3.7% increases in flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative membrane permeability and water content respectively. Consortia of endophytic microbes also resulted in the yield enhancement through the betterment of various yield attributes like number of spikelet’s, grains per spike and grain yield per plant (32.2, 25.8 and 30.8%, respectively). So, consortia of endophytic microbes can greatly promote the progress of plants in dry land agriculture and increase the yield in an environmentally sustainable way.

Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factor-I (IGF1) are members of somototrophine axis pathway. They play a role in key on several mechanisms such as postnatal growth, cell differentiation and metabolism. Due to their vital importance, polymorphisms on the genes coding are worth to be understood. In this study five native cattle breeds (Native Southern Yellow (NSY), South Anatolian Red (SAR), Anatolian Grey (AG), Native Black (NB), East Anatolian Red (EAR) were investigated by PCR-RFLP method for GH-MspI and IGF1-SnaBI loci. 198 and 194 samples were analyzed for GH-MspI and IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. In both two loci two alleles and three genotypes were observed. Predominant alleles were A and B for GH-MspI locus IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. Frequencies of A and B alleles were calculated between 0.400-0.875 and 0.846-0.903 for GH-MspI locus IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. While among investigated population only EAR population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for IGF1-SnaBI locus, for GH-MspI only, in SAR population no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

In this study, the removal efficiency of Pb(II) from industrial leachate was investigated by using expanded perlite by adsorption. The effects of pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage were examined on the Pb(II) removal. The adsorption kinetics were tested to understand the adsorption mechanism using three kinetic models, i.e., Elovich, intraparticle diffusion, and the pseudo second order reaction kinetic models. As the result, the best conformity kinetic model for Pb(II) adsorption on expanded perlite was described as the pseudo second-order (R2>0.99). It is indicated that chemisorption is the determining step of adsorption process rather than mass transfer from industrial leachate. According to the data obtained from intraparticle diffusion model, the adsorption is composed of more than one step. This can be attributed to the fact that the adsorption in the final portion was the intraparticle diffusion while the adsorption in the first portion was the film diffusion. Both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion processes in the adsorption of Pb(II) on expanded perlite are significant. This study indicated that expanded perlite was an influential alternative adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) by adsorption from industrial leachate.

Kavunlarda hibrit tohum üretiminde zaman, işgücü ve verim kaybının önüne geçmek için andromonoik ana materyalde erkek kısırlık ya da erkek kısırlığa sebep olacak kimyasal hibridizasyon ajanları (KHA) kullanımı önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada bazı bitki türlerinde KHA olarak kullanılan ABA hormonunun Galia Fı kavun çeşidinde bitki gelişmesi, erkek çiçek oluşumu ve çiçek tozu kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada ABA’nın 250 ve 500 ppm’lik iki dozu, fidelikte (F), serada ilk çiçeklenme döneminde askıya alınmış bitkilerde (İÇ) ve fidelik+ilk çiçeklenme dönemlerinde (F+İÇ) uygulanmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasındaki bitkilere ise sadece su püskürtülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ABA’nın 500 ppm’lik dozunun F+İÇ ile F uygulamaları bitki gelişimini başlangıçta biraz baskılamış olmakla birlikte, sıcaklıkların yükselmesi ile bu etki ortadan kalkmıştır. ABA uygulamaları erkek çiçeklerin açmasını engellememiş olmakla beraber, erkek çiçek sayısı 500 ppm F+İÇ uygulamasında kontrole göre %62 oranında azalmıştır. Çiçek tozu canlılık ve çimlenmesi üzerine de ABA uygulamalarının kaliteyi arttırıcı bir etkisi olmamakla birlikte, canlılık ve çimlenme oranlarının %95’in üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, it was aimed to identify the change in some micromorphological characters in Prunus laurocerasus L. leaves obtained from 6 different provinces located in the areas where different climate types are dominant, depending on their habitat. In this regard, the leaf samples were collected from Prunus laurocerasus L. individuals in the provinces of Rize, Samsun located in the areas including the European-Siberian, Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions. The leaf epidermis images were obtained with the help of SEM on the collected leaf samples, and the required measurement procedures were performed on these images with the help of “Image J” measurement program. By measurements performed on the leaf epidermis surface, Stoma Length (µm), Stoma Width (µm), Pore length (µm), Pore width (µm) and Stoma Density (in an area of 1 mm2) measured such as micromorphological characters. The data obtained were subjected to the Variance analysis and Duncan’s test, and the change in these characters depending on their habitat was statistically evaluated. At the end of the study, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences at the confidence level of minimum 95% among the conditions of the habitat in terms of all characters except for the stomatal width.

Bu çalışma, Devlet Su İşleri Müdürlüğü tarafından inşası tamamlanarak sulamaya açılan ve Daphan Sulama Derneği'ne devredilen Daphan Ovası birinci ve ikinci etap sulama projeleri alanlarının 2012-2016 yılları arasında sulama sistemi performansının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda yıllık net su temin oranının sulu koşullarda bitkisel üretim yapılan alan için 7,10 ile 9,90 arasında olduğu, sulamaya açılmış toplam alanda da yıllık olarak 2,19 ile 2,60 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sulamaya açılmış toplam alan için su temin oranları 0,93 ile 1,10 arasında olup sulu koşullarda üretim yapılan alanda 3,20 ile 4,20 aralığında değişmiştir. Sürdürülebilir sulama alanı oranı %24,53 ile %33,15 arasında gerçekleşmiş, üretim değeri oranı da %19,34 ile %26,13 arasında belirlenmiştir. Karlılık oranı 4,30 ile 9,28 arasında iken mali etkinlik oranı %17,69 ile %46,82 arasında, mali yeterlilik oranı %106 ile %145 arasında gerçekleşirken tahsilât oranı %20,66 ile %34,37 arasında kalmıştır.

Turkish white cheeses after brine salting were subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 MPa for 5 and 15 min and the samples pressurized for 15 min were ripened in brine for 60 days. The effects of HPP on the salt distribution in external, middle and internal zones of cheese after pressurization and on the salt uptake of whole cheese block during ripening were investigated. HPP did not change the values of moisture, salt and salt in moisture in different zones of cheese. Furthermore, pressure holding time had no effect on salt distribution in cheese. The salt contents of un-pressurized and pressurized cheese samples were equilibrated on the 14th day of ripening, and then stabilized, with no high pressure effect. As a result, HPP at pressures up to 400 MPa did not significantly affect neither salt distribution after high pressure processing nor salt uptake during ripening. However, a slight increase in moisture at the pressures of 200-400 MPa on the 60th day of ripening, which was not significant, might warn further increases in moisture of white cheese for longer ripening periods than 60 days. Higher pressure applications may alter all those values in white cheese because of textural changes.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de başlıca zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapan Ege bölgesinin bazı illerinden (Muğla, Aydın, İzmir ve Manisa) 2 hasat dönemi (2007-2008 ve 2008-2009) süresince yerli zeytin çeşitlerinin (Gemlik, Memecik, Ayvalık, Uslu ve Domat) yağı incelenmiştir. Bu yağların toplam fenolik madde ve fenolik bileşimi belirlenmiştir. Yağların toplam fenolik madde içeriği, 2007-2008 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 23,69-153,64 mg kafeik asit/kg, 2008-2009 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 16,18-136,22 mg kafeik asit/kg aralığında belirlenmiştir. Tüm zeytinyağı örneklerinde tespit edilen fenolik maddeler; tirozol, oleuropein, 4-hidroksifenil asetik asit, luteolin, vanilik asit, hidroksitirozol, rutin, sinnamik asit, verbaskozit, hidroksi fenilkarboksilik asit, sirinjik asit, 3,4-dihidroksibenzoik asit, kafeik asit, ferulik asit, p-kumarik asit, taksifolin ve apigenindir. Tirozol ve oleuropeinin, 2007-2008 hasat döneminde 1,80-13,39 mg/kg, 1,26-19,50 mg/kg ve 2008-2009 hasat döneminde ise 1,76-11,66 mg/kg, 0,20-13,12 mg/kg aralığında en fazla miktarda değişen bileşenler olduğu saptanmıştır.

Bu çalışma üzüm üretiminde organik ürün aşaması olan 2006 ve 2007 yıllarında Manisa Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü’ne ait Alaşehir-Yeşilyurt işletmesindeki, sulanabilir şartlarda, 15 yaşındaki Sultani Çekirdeksiz parselinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu araştırma, Sultani Çekirdeksiz üzüm üretiminde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan Manisa Alaşehir yöresinde organik ve konvansiyonel üretim yöntemlerinin yaprak ayası ve yaprak sapının besin elementleri içeriği (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn ve Mn) üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede organik ve konvansiyonel yetiştirme tekniği yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Sultani Çekirdeksiz üzüm çeşidinin beslenmesi içeriği açısından konvansiyonel ile organik üzüm üretim yöntemleri birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldığında organik üretim yönteminde asmanın yaprak ayası ve yaprak sapının bitki besin maddesi içeriklerinin konvansiyonel yönteme göre daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

One of the alternative therapeutic methods is herbal medicine. Leontice leontopetalum belongs to Berberidaceae family. The aim of study was investigated the extract of LL on human pancreatic beta cell-treated with STZ. Materials and methods: The human pancreatic beta cell (1.1B4) line was used the current study. LL’s extracts (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ug/ml) were supplemented in media for twenty-four hours and/or after STZ treatment (10 and 20 mM). Cells survivals (MTT), cells proliferation were shown by using xCelligence. Insulin content and releasing were measured at 1.1, 8.4 and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations. Results: The result of MTT was shown that cell survival was decreased, based on dose-dependent. When looked at xCelligence results, cell proliferation in STZ groups and the lowest and highest concentrations of LL were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Also, cotreatments of LL and STZ were decreased as well. The result of insulin-releasing on glucose induction was shown that STZ concentration gave rise to reduce insulin content at low and high glucose levels. Also, co-treatment of LL and STZ attenuated insulin content based on dose. Conclusion: It was considered that LL treatment led to increased insulin realizing, resulting from decreasing insulin content in diabetic beta cells, but decrease cell survival.