Green manuring is the practice of adding cover crops to the soil. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, intensive farming, faulty cultivation practices, and poor soil management have degraded soil health, necessitating the use of green manure. This study aimed to evaluate the best-performing green manuring crops that enhance soil properties from the first week of April to the first week of July in Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was performed under Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), black gram (Vigna mungo L.), Sesbania (Sesbania aculeata Wild.), mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor L.). The biomass yield, soil pH, bulk density, soil organic matter, Total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were measured. The data were analyzed using R-Studio for mean comparison among significant variables using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Sesbania consistently enriched the soil with higher total nitrogen (0.197%), available phosphorus (11.36 kg/ha), soil organic carbon (2.29%), soil carbon stock (40.70 t/ha), low bulk density (1.20 g/cm³), fresh biomass yield (8.25 t/ha), and dry biomass yield (1.62 t/ha). Cowpea emerged as a reliable alternative when Sesbania was not available. However, mung bean and black gram lagged in biomass production and nutrient addition. Sudan grass performed poorly, contributing the least organic matter and available phosphorus. Sesbania, therefore, stands out as the optimal choice, while cowpea serves as a viable substitute when sesbania is unavailable. In addition, leguminous green manuring crops outperformed non-leguminous crops.

Bu çalışma niasin ilave edilmiş rasyonların damızlık bıldırcınlarda üretim performansına, yumurta kalitesine ve kuluçka parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 12 haftalık yaştaki 80 dişi ve 40 erkek (toplam 120 adet) bıldırcın 0, 20, 40 ve 80 mg/kg niasin ilave edilmiş rasyonlar ile on hafta boyunca yemlenmişlerdir. Her bir muamele grubu, her birinde 6 bıldırcın (2 erkek, 4 dişi) bulunan 5 tekerrürden oluşturulmuştur.  Rasyona niasin ilavesi dişi bıldırcınların ortalama canlı ağırlık değerlerini, yumurta verimini, yem tüketimini, yumurta kalite parametrelerini ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilememiştir. Rasyona niasin ilavesi ile erkek bıldırcınların canlı ağırlıkları ve canlı ağırlık değişimleri azalmış ve bu azalış 80 mg/kg niasin grubu ile 0 ve 20 mg/kg grupları arasında istatistiki olarak önemli olmuştur. Rasyona niasin ilavesi ile yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kitlesi ilavesiz gruba göre önemli derecede artmış, aksine yemden yararlanma oranı önemli derecede düşmüştür.  Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına niasin ilavesi yumurta kalite ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilemeden performansı ve yem değerlendirmeyi iyileştirmede etkili olup, 20 mg/kg seviyesinde niasin ilavesi yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

The global dilemma of waste management and food scarcity require novel solutions that fulfill both environmental concerns and nutritional requirements. To address these significant problems in a sustainable manner, this research investigates the possibility of producing single cell protein (SCP) from sugarcane bagasse, an abundant industrial waste product in the presence of Aspergillus niger strain. The production of SCP was further optimized by inducing variations in Physico-chemical properties to increase the protein yield. These parameters include temperature, pH, fermentation time, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources. The results of this study revealed that A. niger showed maximum production of biomass (24.0±0.02%) at the temperature of 25°C after 7 days of incubation time with the pH adjusted to 5. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary strategy emphasizes how essential biotechnology is to be advancing the idea of how sugarcane bagasse could potentially be used as a beneficial asset to help feed the world's expanding population.

This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional profiles of three cauliflower cultivars—Valentena, Carotena, and Snow White—focusing on chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity. Uniform curds were harvested at 60 days post-sowing from Baratia, Dumuria, Khulna, and analyzed at Khulna Agricultural University. Valentena exhibited the highest chlorophyll content (40.06±0.39 µg/100g FW chlorophyll a, 28.98±3.35 µg/100g FW chlorophyll b), superior lycopene (8.71±0.38 µg/100g FW) levels. Carotena showed the highest total carotenoid content (60.52±1.76 µg/100g FW) and β-carotene (26.99±0.44 µg/100g FW), while Snow White had the lowest values across most parameters. Valentena also led in anthocyanins (101.56±3.9 mg/L FW) and total flavonoids (79.56±10.36 mg/100g FW), with Carotena having the highest vitamin C content (60.05±2.93 µg/g FW). DPPH assays indicated that Valentena showed the most effective antioxidant (IC50 = 43.65±3.56 mg/mL FW), followed by Carotena and Snow White. Hierarchical clustering and pricipal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct biochemical profiles: Valentena and Carotena shared similarities in carotenoids and antioxidant activity, whereas Snow White differed significantly. Linear discriminant analysis identified lycopene, chlorophyll b, and β-carotene as major differentiators, highlighting the diverse nutritional and antioxidant properties of these cauliflower varieties. The findings highlight the potential of Carotena and Valentena for health-conscious consumers seeking nutrient-rich, antioxidant benefits in functional meals.

This research was conducted to determine the presence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) that can cause infection in rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in Konya province. For this purpose, field and laboratory studies were carried out in areas where roses are mostly grown for landscaping purposes, and infection rates were calculated with the data obtained. The hypothesis of the study is that roses in Konya province may be infected with PNRSV and ApMV and the presence of these viruses can be determined. In line with this hypothesis, various rose growing areas in Konya province were selected as the research area. During the field studies in 2023, guided sampling was carried out and 94 leaf, branch and flower samples were collected from different rose varieties. The collected samples were tested for determining of PNRSV and ApMV infections by Double Antibody Sandwich (DAS) ELISA method, which is one of the serological testing methods in the laboratory. As a result of the tests, it was revealed that the single infections of PNRSV and ApMV were present in 12 and 11 samples of rose plants in Konya province. The total infection rate of both viruses in the province was calculated as 24.47%. Also, PNRSV+ApMV mixed infections were detected in 2 samples. In this study, the infections of PNRSV and ApMV on roses in Konya province were determined for the first time by serological methods. These results will serve as an important source of information for rose producers and agricultural engineers in the region and will allow the development of strategies to control the spread of viruses and minimize infections.

Plants need to accumalate heat to complete a particular or whole growth period. This accumalation depends on temperature thresholds above or below which plant growth ceases, and on air temperature. It can be speculated that more heat accumulation is available for plants due to rapid warming within three or four decades. This study presents more recent heat accumulation for plants, quantified using a useful index called growing degree day (GDD), for five locations (Söke, Kuşadası, Aydın, Sultanhisar and Nazilli) in Aydın, Türkiye, during the latest climatic normal period from 1991 to 2020. GDD values were calculated both in monthly basis from March through October, and in daily basis from March 1st to October 31st. Monthly GDD averages, as expected, showed a pattern that increased from March to July or August, then decreased thereafter till October. Range and standart deviation showed approximately an opposite pattern, suggesting higher uncertainity in relatively colder months. The results are expected to provide farmers or agricultural practitioners with the latest averages of GDD to predict plant growth and development.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, damages various crops by releasing honeydew and spreading. Although farmers and pest control experts primarily rely on insecticides to manage whiteflies, the notable issue is their tendency to develop resistance to major insecticide categories, posing a significant challenge. This result has led to the improvement of new drugs or insecticide mixtures. In addition, some plant-based studies have been conducted to control whiteflies, and RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been used in recent years. This study aimed to identify the relationships between tobacco, cotton, tomato, and linen miRNAs and odorant-binding protein (OBP) and chemosensory protein (CSP) genes in whiteflies by using in silico approaches. We determined that 115 miRNAs belonging to these plants targeted 13 CSP and 8 OBP genes of B. tabaci. Obtaining findings are important to reduce dependency on chemicals and pesticides in pest management.

The aim of the present study was to determine the the effects of carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration on conception rate in breeding season Lacaune ewes. Sixty-two Lacaune ewes were used in the study. On day 0, an intravaginal sponge containing 20 mg flugestone acetate was inserted and left in place for 10 days. On day 10, the sponges were removed, and each ewe received an intramuscular injection of eCG at a dose of 480 IU. Ewes in estrus were mated with a proven rams (ewe:ram ratio of 5:1). Fifty-nine mated ewes were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment. In the carazolol group (n = 30), ewes received an intramuscular injection of carazolol (0.01 mg/kg; Simpanorm, Fatro, Italy) on the day of estrus, post-mating. In the control group (n = 29), ewes were not administered any treatment. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted in all ewes on days 30 and 60 post-mating using transabdominal ultrasonography with a Hitachi EUB-405 device equipped with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. The estrus rate, conception rate, total pregnancy rate, and early fetal death rate were evaluated across all groups. The study results indicated no statistically significant differences between the control group and the carazolol group regarding conception rates (62.1% vs. 66.7%) and total pregnancy rates (79.3% vs. 83.3%). In addition, as a result of repeated ultrasound examinations, no early fetal death was found in the study. In conclusion, carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration did not increase on fertility in breeding season Lacaune ewes.

Ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde kullanılan rasyonlar belirli oranlarda kaba ve kesif yem içermelidir. Besin madde içeriği bakımından zengin olan kesif yemler genelde rasyon maliyetini artırmaktadır. Hayvancılık işletmelerinde bu yüksek maliyetten kurtulmak kaliteli kaba yem üretimine bağlıdır. Ülkemizde faaliyet gösteren hayvancılık işletmeleri yem (besleme) maliyetlerinin azaltılması ve ürün kalitesinin yükseltilmesi amacı ile farklı kaba yem arayışı içindedirler. Bu çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden soya bitkisi, ruminant rasyonlarında hasıl veya silaj formunda kullanılma potansiyeli olan bir kaba yem türüdür. Bir baklagil yem bitkisi olan soya bitkisi protein içeriğinin yüksek olması (yaklaşık %20) ile kaba yem grubu yemler içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Soya bitkisi bu özelliği ile ruminant rasyonlarında temel protein kaynağı olarak kullanılan bazı yem kaynaklarının bir kısmı yerine ikame edilebilmektedir. Nitekim bazı çalışmalarda soya silajının en kaliteli protein kaynağı olarak kabul edilen soya küspesinin yerine bile kısmen de olsa kullanılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu derlemede soya bitkisinin ruminant rasyonlarında kaba yem kaynağı (hasıl ve silaj) olarak kullanılma potansiyeli hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Population growth has increased demand and diversified use of Irish potato which have increased its demand. The crop has become a major source of food and income for many households across the world. However, despite the high potential of about 30 tonnes per hectare (ha), smallholder farmers in Kenya realize low Irish potato yields ranging from 4-8 tonnes per ha due to limited uptake of agricultural technologies. The low yields calls for a profound understanding of the factors influencing the uptake agricultural technologies. The study analyzed the effects of the adoption of agricultural technologies on Irish potato yield in Ol Kalou Sub County. The study considered chemical fertilizer, certified seeds, fungicides, and farm machinery as the four main agricultural technologies that that affect yield. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to obtain data from a study population of 21,942 smallholder Irish potato farmers in Ol Kalou Sub County. A multiple-stage sampling technique was employed to generate a sample size of 385 respondents who provided primary data. Data collected was analyzed using endogenous switching regression model using STATA version 17. The study found that the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was 10.21 bags per acre. In addition, the Endogenous switching regression model showed that the expected yield for the adopter increased by 51.83%. Out of the four technologies, the use of chemical fertilizers had the highest effect of 37% on yield. The study concluded that the adoption of agricultural technologies increases the yield of Irish potatoes. The study recommends that national and county governments should develop policy regulations such as training and extension services, market access, price support and public-private partnerships encouraging farmers to uptake agricultural technologies. The study also recommends that both levels of government should subsidize agricultural technologies, hence reducing the cost of adoption.