Drought stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses that cause a reduction in plant growth, development and yield in the world. The aim of this study is to reveal the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of the Demre pepper variety and nine different pepper genotypes against drought stress. Pepper seeds were planted into trays containing peat: perlite (2: 1) mixture. Then, seedlings having two leaves were transferred to plastic pots containing mixture of peat:perlite (2:1) mixture. Drought stress application was started when the plants have four leaves. The control plants were irrigated with nutrition solution. Genotypes were classified according to the severity of leaf damage symptoms by using 0-5 scale. In addition, shoot fresh and dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), membrane injury index (MII), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentration of shoot, malondialdehyde content (MDA), total chlorophyll and carotenoid, total flavonoid and phenolic content, anitoxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that drought had negative effect in terms of morphological and physiological parameters, and this effect revealed differences among genotypes. While drought stress increased MDA and antioxidative enzyme activity, BIB-6 and BIB-8 genotypes were found to be the most tolerant genotypes among the genotypes examined.

The aim of this study was to determine effects of different dietary rosemary essential oil levels on growth performance, carcass traits and haematological values of breeder chukar partridge. Eighty (60 females and 20 males), 32-week-old breeder chukar partridge were randomly divided in five treatments, with four replicate pens with 4 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated according to rosemary essential oil inclusion rates 0 mg/kg, 24 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg, 72 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The chukar partridges had free access to ad libitum feed and water. At the end of the trial, 1 male and 1 female partridge were slaughtered for blood analysis. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain between the control and treatment groups. Dietary rosemary essential oil supplementation did not affect blood serum glucose, urea, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in breeder Chukar partridges. It could be concluded that supplementing rosemary essential oil into Chukar partridges diet show no negative effect on growth performance.

In this study; instead of the wheat used tempered corn in the local Maras tarhana, which is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. For this purpose, tempered corn was substituted for wheat at proportions rates 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% traditional Maras tarhana samples were produced. That’s why developing a new product with both the work, and to create a wider area of use for corn. New products were conducted, physical, chemical organoleptic analysis and compared with traditional Maras tarhana as control sample under the same conditions. As a result of this research, it was observed that tempered corn affected the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the traditional Maras tarhana positively and it has been determined that the most suitable ratios of tempered corn to be used in Maras tarhana production were 10% and 20%.

Coconut shell extract contains phytochemical compounds tannins, saponins and steroids which are thought to act as antimicrobial compounds. This makes coconut shell extract has great potential as a natural preservative, one of which is the natural preservative coconut sap. This study aims to know the effect of coconut shell type, extraction time, extraction temperature and the combination of the three treatments on the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical extracts produced. This study using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The factors tested were coconut shell type consisting of: fresh old coconut shell; dry old coconut shell; fresh young coconut shell; dry young coconut shell; length of extraction time consisting of: 3 and 5 hours’ extraction time, and extraction temperature consisting of: 28°C and 70°C. The variables observed in this study include microbiological and phytochemical variables. The results showed that all type of coconut shell extract contains phytochemical compounds such as tannin, saponins, and some samples contain steroid compounds and had the ability of antimicrobial activity, especially in the bacterium A.aceti. The combination of a dry old shell with an extraction time of 3 hours and extraction temperature of 28°C has the highest antimicrobial activity against A.aceti bacteria with inhibition zone diameter of 13.25 mm, positive containing phytochemical compounds tannins, saponins and steroids and contains total phenol levels of 18.67 mg/100g.

Bioactive compounds, called phytochemicals, are produced as secondary metabolites in plants that have beneficial effects on health when they are consumed as nutrients. Phytochemicals have an effective role in the formation of the color, smell and taste of the plants. As an alternative to the synthetic materials used in the treatment of many chronic diseases, the interest in the use of plants phytochemicals have been increased. This trend has led to the development of a new market. This review includes biological activities of plant phytochemicals including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, anticancer and antihypertensive properties.

Organic production is mostly appeared in the field of plant production and it has become increasingly widespread. But, organic livestock production process has begun depending on trends of want to consumption of high safe animal products of consumers as like in plant products in developed countries, increasing of environmental consciousness and sensitivity to animal rights. Central Anatolia Region is an important region for the organic livestock production, in terms of being one of the most polluted regions due to intensive agriculture and industry, having number of animals and grasslands. The aim of this study is determining the potential of organic sheep breeding and presenting a general view with investigating the general situation and changing by year plant and livestock production of Central Anatolia Region.

Cooking takes the largest percentage of energy consumption and most households still depend on wood fuel energy, which contributes significantly to global warming. However, a major consideration for market infiltration of a green energy product is the willingness of consumers to pay for it. The study examined the determinants of willingness to pay for biofuel among small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis. Primary data were collected from one hundred and fifty-five small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and probit regression. The majority of the food sellers were female (91.0%) with less than five household members (65.8%) and had tertiary education (40.0%). Most of them were not aware of biofuel (82.6%) but were willing to substitute firewood for biofuel (78.1%). The probability of willingness to pay for biofuel was increased by household size, being a female but reduced by bid at the unit price of ₦500 per litre. However, it was reduced by household size and education at ₦600 per litre. Based on the findings of this study, the entrepreneurs should take advantage of the emerging biofuel market by creating awareness of green energy and its benefits among the citizenry while government should support its production so that it can be sold at affordable price.

To be about 65% of Turkey's population under 40 years of age requires to increase employment opportunities for young people and them to be sustainable. Young people are moving away from agriculture due to lack of income, life difficulties in the villages and limited social facilities, fragmentation of the lands or too little, and lack of alternative employment opportunities in the countryside. Youths away from agriculture; it causes problems such as aging and decreasing of rural population. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the tendency of the young people to stay in agriculture, the factors causing them to stay in agriculture or to leave. The aim of this study is to determine the tendency of the young people between the ages of 18-40 who have benefited from the Young Farmer Grant Support in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa provinces to stay in agriculture and migrate from rural to urban areas. The stratified sampling method was used in the sample selection. In the selected provinces, 72 farmers who benefited from grant support were interviewed and the data were collected through surveys. The data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the enterprises are presented with various descriptive statistics. According to the results of the study, 88.9% of young farmers stated that they would continue agricultural production. 39% of young farmers tend to migrate from rural to urban areas. One of the most important factors in ensuring sustainability in agriculture is the creation of an entrepreneurial young audience. For this reason, policies need to be developed by decision-makers to encourage youth to stay in agriculture.

In Hatay region, production of dairy products whose raw material is known as yogurt is important to increase the durability of yogurt. These products are produced in small-scale enterprises and offered for sale in local markets, and in some enterprises are produced industrially. It is also made by the local people for their own consumption. Dairy products made from yogurt in and around Hatay; Concentrated (torba) Yogurt, Salted Yogurt, Duberke, Labne (labna modavara, junkie, labna mıdabale), Çökelek, Antakya Sürk (Antakya Çökelek) which have geographically indicated, Yogurt Cheese and Butter made from yogurt (yayık butter). In this study, production technology, general characteristics and studies related to the subject of dairy products made from yoghurt were given.

The objectivity of this study was to investigate some blood minerals and parameters in Honamli goats reared under semi-intensive conditions. 90 goats (2-4 ages) in different three herds kept under similar manage mental conditions were chosen as research materials in Teke Border of Antalya Province. Serum Ca 6.786±0.206 mg/dL, P 4.094±0.173 mg/dL, Cl 111.105±0.582 mmol/L, K 4.519±0.066 mmol/L, Mg 2.161±0.05 mg/dL, Na 148.047±0.508 mmol/L, Fe 110.706±2.510 μg/dL, UIBC 155.025±4.333 μg/dL and Tp 7.055±0.120 g/dL were determined by Roche Diagnostics, Cobas 8000 modular analyser series, immunoassay. After then, total iron- binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation (TSAT) and Ca++ levels were calculated from each other using different biochemical formulas. Ratios between the some minerals were calculated and presented in the text. Also, very high significant differences (P