In this study, resistance mechanism of two wheat genotypes against salt, heavy metal, lime and drought (50%) treatments were investigated in summer Cumhuriyet-75 and winter Selimiye-95. According to results chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid level increased in FeCl3, drought and 225 mM NaCl in Cumhuriyet-75 but they were higher at NaCl, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 treatments in Selimiye-95 comparison to control. While H2O2 content rose all stres treatments in both varieties but Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in Selimiye with all applications. The amount of proline is lower in Cumhuiyet-75 but higher in Selimiye-95. Total soluble protein was found higher at salt concentartion and drought in both varieties. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Süperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in salt and FeCl3 in Selimiye-95 but SOD ativity were higher at salt treatments in Cumhuriyet-75. And also in both varieties APX and Guaiacol peroxidase (GuPX) increased at FeCl3 but Catalase (CAT) were higher in only FeCl3 in Cumhuriyet-75. As a result Selimiye-95 showed tolerance to salt and FeCl3 with high photosynthetic pigment, proline and soluble protein content with lower MDA but it is sensitive to NiCl2 and drought. Whereas Cumhuriyet-75 cultivar is resistan to drought, FeCl3 and 225 mM NaCl depended on pigment, protein content and APX, CAT, GuPX and SOD activities. When all the data are taken into consideration, it was concluded that the responses of the varieties to the treatments changed according to the type and concentration of stress, and Selimiye-95 variety was tolerant compared to Cumhuriyet-75 variety.

Androjenler hedef dokulardaki etkilerini esas olarak androjen reseptör (AR) aracılığıyla gösterirler. Bu çalışmada dişi ve erkek cüce hamster genital dokularında AR lokalizasyonu araştırıldı. Mevcut çalışmada 6 adet dişi, 6 adet erkek hayvan kullanıldı. Anestezi sonrası, çalışılacak dokular, hızlı bir şekilde vücuttan uzaklaştırılarak %10’luk tamponlu nötral formalinde tespitin ardından parafine gömüldü. Kesitler, mikrodalga ışınımlı “antijen retrieval” tekniği uygulandıktan sonra immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle boyandı. AR pozitif immunboyanma testis, kaput epididimis, prostat bezi ve vezikula seminalis dokularında yalnızca hücre çekirdeklerinde gözlenirken, ovaryum ve ovidukt dokularında hücrelerin bir kısmında sitoplazmada bir kısmında ise çekirdekte gözlendi. Cüce hamster erkek ve dişi genital dokularındaki AR lokalizasyonu, diğer türlerle benzerdi. Genital dokularda AR varlığı, androjenlerin bu dokular için elzem olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir.

Tricholoma anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini is known as the most prized mushroom species in Feke region of Turkey. This mushroom species is collected from Cedar (Cedrus libani) forests and therefore is named as Cedar mushroom in this region. It is collected and consumed by local collectors and also exported to Far East countries such as Japan by exporting companies. Therefore, it is important to investigate the nutritional and medical importance of this species. The aim of this study is to reveal the antioxidant activity of methanol extract in different concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/mL) of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini collected from Feke district of Adana province of Turkey in 2015. In this study, it was determined that total phenolic content of this mushroom was 56 mg/kg. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and reducing power (RP) activities given in trolox (µM) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) given in FeSO4 (µM) were found as 449, 180, 337 and 2 at the highest concentration (4 mg/mL), respectively. As a result, it could be suggested that methanol extract of T. anatolicum H.H. Doğan & Intini has significantly antioxidant activity.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons for the waste of bread among consumers in Hatay province and what should be taken for the elimination of these causes. The subjects of this study were the data obtained from 406 consumers selected from the city center. The data were obtained through face to face interviews during the period of May-2017. In the questionnaire, there were questions towards determining the bread consumption habits, consumption preferences and bread waste levels along with the socio-demographic characteristics of the consumers. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis were used in the evaluation and comparison of the data. It was determined that the amount of bread consumed per person was 278 g/day and 7% of the total family consumption of bread was wasted without any consumption. While the most consumed types of bread are traditional white bread and flatbread, bakeries and groceries are the most common places to buy bread. Consumers usually buy bread twice a day and the main considerations in the consumers’ preference for bread purchase are that the establishments comply with hygiene requirements and that quality materials are used in the bread making process. Staling and bad taste are among the significant issues in bread wastage. Taking future trends in the sector into consideration, producers should pay attention to product quality, production according to health conditions and longer shelf life on bread; depending on consumer awareness. The producers should diversify their production of bread and other bakery products.

The plants can only use the around 50% of the applied nitrogenous fertilizer. It has been observed that the dynamic fertigation applications help to improve the fertilizer effectiveness. In the dynamic fertigation approach, water and plant nutritional elements are calculated and determined according to the plant dry matter generation rate and root volume. Smart agriculture is an knowledge based decision making approach established upon quantification and observations of the changes in each level of production. With this system, saving can be provided by only supplying the plant’s daily need of water and fertilizer and preventing the excess irrigation and fertilizing, so yield increase can be achieved by keeping away the plants from the stress conditions. Agricultural production can be increased five times by irrigation but shortening in water sources and decrease in quality reasoned by fast growing are restricted of irrigation which is the main user of freshwater sources. Increasing the water and fertilizer effectiveness with the smart irrigation techniques which can save water and fertilization management applications are the essential strategies to be able to reach the yield increase in order to supply the growing food needs of developing population and help to minimize the environmental damage. In the study, the researches and applications related to smart irrigation and fertilization were tried to be included in a wide scope and tried to keep a light to obtain higher yield with less water and fertilizer use in agriculture.

Bu çalışmada; Osmaniye’de demir, çelik ve metal sanayi işletmelerinin üç ayrı bölgesinden mesafeye bağlı olarak örneklenmiş toprakları ile bu işletmelerden uzakta bulunan Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi kampüs topraklarının bazı iz element [Cu, Mn, Fe ve Zn (mg/kg)] içerikleri ve karbon mineralizasyonu (28°C, 45 gün) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Karbon mineralizasyonu için CO2 respirasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tüm topraklarda iz element içeriklerinin sınır değerlerden düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sanayi Tesisleri yakınından örneklenmiş 1 nolu toprağın karbon mineralizasyonu [15,0 mg/C (CO2)/100 g KT] 4 nolu kampüs toprağından [30,0 mg/C(CO2)/100 g KT)] anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur. Benzer durum dört toprağın karbon mineralizasyon oranları arasında da gözlenmiş olup Sanayi Bölgesi’nin üç toprağın da yine kampüs toprağından anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuştur. Tüm bu bulgular toprakların karbon mineralizasyonu ve iz elementi içeriklerinin Sanayi Bölgesi’nden uzaklaştıkça değişmediğini; toprakların organik karbon ve azot içerikleri ile pH’larına bağlı olarak değişebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

N (nitrogen) is an essential element that is very complex to manage. Adjustment to different application methods of N containing urea can be a crucial option for effective management of N. The experiment was carried out at the BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Gazipur during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons with the objectives to find out the response of genotypes and different urea fertilizer application methods on growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of Boro rice. The experiment was arranged in split-plot design with three replications having two genotypes viz. (i) V1 = GSR I Sal Y 1242 and (ii) V2 = BRRI dhan28 placed in main plot and four urea application methods viz. (i) T1 = 220 kg ha-1 PU at three equal splits (ii) T2= 2% foliar spray @ 80 kg ha-1 (iii) T3= 75 kg N ha-1 USG (2.7 g) and (iv) T4= LCC based urea @ 67.5 kg ha-1 placed in sub plot. Results showed that genotypes had non-significant influence for most of the growth parameters and yield components, whereas urea fertilizer application methods had significant effect on all growth parameters, yield and yield attributes except plant height at 40 DAT and 50% flowering stage. . With different methods of urea application, T4 achieved significantly the highest value of all growth parameters, yield and yield components with total N content hill-1 (3.859%) and harvest index (50.70%) except filled grain panicle-1 (82.98) at harvest. Among the interactive treatments, the highest number of tillers m-2 (351.66), dry weight hill-1 (88.13 g), panicle number m-2 (340.83), panicle length (23.33 cm) and grain yield (7.32 t ha-1) was obtained at V1T4. So, in aspect of yield and other parameters, V1T4 was the best treatment under the present study.

Turkish white cheeses after brine salting were subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 MPa for 5 and 15 min and the samples pressurized for 15 min were ripened in brine for 60 days. The effects of HPP on the salt distribution in external, middle and internal zones of cheese after pressurization and on the salt uptake of whole cheese block during ripening were investigated. HPP did not change the values of moisture, salt and salt in moisture in different zones of cheese. Furthermore, pressure holding time had no effect on salt distribution in cheese. The salt contents of un-pressurized and pressurized cheese samples were equilibrated on the 14th day of ripening, and then stabilized, with no high pressure effect. As a result, HPP at pressures up to 400 MPa did not significantly affect neither salt distribution after high pressure processing nor salt uptake during ripening. However, a slight increase in moisture at the pressures of 200-400 MPa on the 60th day of ripening, which was not significant, might warn further increases in moisture of white cheese for longer ripening periods than 60 days. Higher pressure applications may alter all those values in white cheese because of textural changes.

Tomato comes as the most commonly produced, consumed and subject for trading in the world. Alongside fresh consumption, on the other hand it forms the most significant raw material source of food industry, especially for tomato paste, frozen and dried vegetable-fruit and canned food industry. Turkey's greenhouse vegetable production field for 2016 year is 675173 decars and Antalya forms 51% of this field. Tomato forms 61.72% of Antalya's greenhouse production. The main material of the research consists of interviews made with producers resided in 5 villages/towns, where greenhouse tomato production is carried out densely in Antalya city, Alanya district. In 48 villages and towns, greenhouse tomato production is carried out, according to the official records. In the chosen areas, 365 producers exist. 20% of these producers (73) form the sample size. In the research, it was determined that the producers' average agricultural land possession is 9.13 decars and in 40.53% of these areas they grew tomatoes. None of these producers are engaged in contractual growing. All of the yield is produced for the edible (as table-top item). After the harvest, all of the products are sold in the wholesales market in county and city. 7.89% of the producers have no information on soilless agriculture, as 10.52% of them think that it has no advantages and 73.36% of them recommend traditional agriculture.

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable contains flavonoids, amino acid derivatives, glycolic acid, tyrosine, vitamins, saponins and essential oils and it has health benefits such as prevention of cancer, mutation, inflammation, and liver damage. The aim of this study is to investigate drying kinetics of Asparagus officinalis. According to R, χ2, RMSE and Error values, the model parameters at different temperatures (70°C, 80°C, 90°C), spear thickness (1 mm, 2 mm and 3mm), and microwave power (100 W, 200 W, and 300W) were compared. Midilli and Kucuk equation was found as the best equation to describe drying of Asparagus officinalis. R values of Midilli and Kucuk Equation changed between 0.8886 and 0.9989 for hot air drying and between 0.9568 and 0.9999 for a microwave drying.