As a result of the studies conducted in Bartın in 2019, it was determined that Garella musculana (Erschoviella musculana Erschoff 1874) caused damage to young shoots of Juglans nigra in the world for the first time. According to Eppo data,it is known that Garella musculana damages only in Juglans regia (major), but in this study, it has been revealed as the first record in the world that Garella musculana also causes damage in Juglans nigra (Black walnut) (young shoots).

In this study, it is aimed to establish quality critical points in order to determine the quality of feeds prepared in compound feed factories before production. For this purpose, quality control points should be established and continuously monitored in compound feed production. With our study, the quality of the raw materials we use in the production of compound feed (feed nutrient contents), and then determined the important technological changes in feed mill; control points were established in mill, mixer, molasses mixer, conditioning, pellet press inlet, pellet press outlet, cooler and packaging sections. Four different mixed feeds (quail, laying hens, dairy cow, beef cattle feed) were sampled from these regions. The study was carried out in a commercial feed factory. Firstly, rations were prepared with the formulation program on the computer of these compound feeds. Then, samples were taken from the determined points and nutrient contents (dry matter, crude protein, crude oil, crude cellulose, crude ash, starch, sugar, metabolic energy value) were compared with both chemical and NIRS method. According to the data obtained; In the samples taken under the mill, both chemical and NIRS methods were used and the results did not reflect the formulation values. According to the findings of the research, the results obtained from the samples taken from the sub-mixer bunker showed close values from the formulation values of the mixed feeds and it was concluded that it may be the most appropriate quality critical point.

Bu çalışma; Şanlıurfa ve Gaziantep sınırları içinde bulunan Karkamış Baraj Gölü’nün fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla Ocak-Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında belirlenen 5 istasyonda yüzey ve 4 ve 8 m derinliklerden su örnekleri alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alınan su örneklerinde yıl boyunca sıcaklık, pH, çözünmüş oksijen, elektriksel iletkenlik, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu, orto fosfat fosforu, toplam azot ve toplam fosfor ölçülmüş olup tespit edilen değerler sırasıyla; sıcaklık (14,3-21,6°C ortalama: 9,4), pH (8,4-9,1-7,8), çözünmüş oksijen (9-10-11,8 mg L-1), elektriksel iletkenlik (251-332-412 µS cm-1) amonyum azotu (0,003-0,069-0,194 mg L-1), nitrat azotu (1,549-2,292-3,473 mg N L-1), nitrit azotu (0,001-0,006-0,053 mg L-1), orto fosfat fosforu (0,007-0,034-0,076 mg L-1), toplam azot (0,722-1,154-1,696 mg L-1), toplam fosfor (0,007-0,016-0,026 mg L-1) bulunmuştur. Karkamış Baraj Gölü’nde fizikokimyasal parametrelerin aylık olarak farklı derinliklerde değişimini izleyerek, su kalitesi özelliklerine ve sucul yaşam açısından uygunluk seviyesi ile Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetim Yönetmenliğine göre I. Sınıf yüksek kaliteli su sınıfında olduğunu göstermektedir.

Public concern on the excessive use of synthetic food additives has raised a great interest to use natural products due to their potential in food and pharmacological industries. Nowadays, chemical food additives are questioned due to their contribution to the health risks and environmental impacts. Among natural additives, essential oils (EOs) are extracted from aromatic compounds and responsible for their biological activities namely antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity. Incorporation of bio-active compounds particularly EOs directly in food or edible/biodegradable food packaging seems to enhance the shelf life and quality characteristics of processed food and protect the consumers against oxidative and bacterial deterioration effects. However, inclusion of EOs in films/coatings for food packaging may put some effects on various properties (optic, tensile and etc.), which can affect the consumer acceptability. Their addition in food can cause some allergic and hypersensitivity reactions to the individuals who use them often. This paper aims to review the latest findings on the use of EOs incorporated with edible/biodegradable films and coatings to enhance the shelf life and quality of the food. Further investigations about essential oils are expected to clarify their exact action and build up their standard use in food industry.

This study aims to determine various relationships between liver, gonad and body weights of the two pipefish species caught in two breeding seasons from the Bafa Lake (Muğla) coasts between 2014 -2016. Using beach seine-net in the lake, a total of 208 pipefish specimens (79 Synathus abaster and 129 Synathus acus) were sampled. L-W relationship and Fulton condition factor were W = 2E - 0.94.01, 0.035 ± 0.009 in S.abaster specimens. Also LW relationships and condition factor were W = 8E-0.93.83 , 0.033 ± 0.01 in S. acus. On the other hand mean ± SD of HSI and GSI values were 2.18 ± 1.65 and 7.69 ± 7.12 respectively. In S.acus values 3.22 ± 3.13 and 5.49 ± 5.12 as well. The decrease in HIS and K values, provides sufficient information to claim that species in the lake spend all energy requirement obtained with proper feeding to growth and gonad development.

This study aims to investigate the views and awareness level of nutrition and dietetics undergraduates about genetically modified organisms (GMO). A total of 228 university students participated in the research (130 female, 98 male students). During data collection, 8 open-ended questions and attitude scale questionnaire (30 questions) were applied in order to determine the demographic features and GMO knowledge of students. Students’ replies to questions; “Do you think GMO technology is beneficial or harmful? If it's beneficial, why? If it is harmful, why?” 76.8% stated that they found it harmful. To the question, “if it is harmful why?” students replied, “they cause cancer”. There is a statistical difference between the answers of first and third-year students. To the question, “have you heard about the precautions that were taken by the ministry? If yes, do you think they are sufficient?” 76.80% students stated that they were not aware of the precautions that were taken by the ministry. 53 participants replied to this question as “I have an idea about this.” But to the question “Is it sufficient?” they stated that they are not sure about it. There is a statistical difference between graduates of Vocational High School and Anatolian High School. In this assessment, it was seen that the basic knowledge of students about GMO is enough, but they experience confusion. Most of the students believe that GMO technology is harmful and has some conceptual errors. Positive and negative sides of GMO technology should be expressed clearly. It was concluded that course curriculums should include topics that will increase knowledge and awareness related to GMOs. Additionally, courses can be given selectively in the field of biotechnology so that confusion about GMO’s can be eliminated.

The study investigated the water quality characteristics of the spring waters, creeks and lakes in Yalova Province, Turkey. The 12-month study was carried out in 2005 and the same study was repeated in the same stations in 2008. Water samples were collected from 9 stations on a monthly basis. For the determination of the water quality, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, potassium, total copper, chlorine, sulphate, iron, phosphate, zinc and sulfide analyses were performed. The water quality parameters of the spring waters, creeks and lakes were determined with respect to months and years. The stations that are known to receive wastewater and solid waste inputs were revealed to have high concentrations of water pollution-indicating parameters.

Industries, as a source of pollution, have a considerable impact on aquatic ecosystems due to the diversity in the composition of their wastewater. In this study, it is aimed to determine the heavy metal pollution caused by the wastewater of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory in the Organized Industrial Zone of Kahramanmaraş province. For this purpose, seasonal concentrations of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg) have been determined in wastewaters of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory and in the region where these wastewaters discharge in the Erkenez Stream. The seasonal variation of heavy metals in all stations, generally the lowest concentrations of all elements were determined in winter and the highest concentrations were determined in summer. When the heavy metal contents of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory wastewaters were compared, the highest values were found in textile factory wastewater. When all stations are taken into consideration, according to USEPA and water quality criteria, it is determined that the wastewaters of milk products factory, paint factory and textile factory and the area of the Erkenez Stream, where these wastewaters are discharged, were very dirty in term of heavy metals. When these results are taken into consideration, it is clear that the wastewater of these factories causes serious heavy metal pollution in the Erkenez Stream.

This study reports on the evaluation of the antioxidant of ethanolic extracts of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum collected from the Marmara Sea. The antioxidant activity of the two bivalve species was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The total carotenoid contents were also determined. In the DPPH method, all extracts exhibited low radical scavenging activity when compared to the standards used, i.e. -tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with the inhibition percentage in the range of 35.87±0.05 – 36.27±0.02%. In particular, M. galloprovincialis exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 29.55±0.02 mg/g Ext. However, there are no statistically significant differences in the IC50 values of two species. The highest total carotenoid content was found in M. galloprovincialis as 1.13±0.02 µg/g sample. The statistically significant differences were found in total carotenoid contents of two bivalves. In this study in M. galloprovincialis was also found to be high in carotenoid content, while R. philippinarum was found to be almost nonexistent. More detailed studies are needed to determine relationship between the bioactive compounds of crustaceans and their antioxidant activities, distributed in our country.

This research was conducted to determine forage yield, chemical composition, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle grazing on pasture established with species and mixtures of Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Bastion,PR), Orchardgrass(Dactylis glometata, Pizza,OG) and White clover(Trifolium repens, Huia,WC). In this research conducted for two years, the grazing experiment was carried out according to a change over trial design. For this purpose, a total of 6 Holstein Friesian cows (at the 2nd lactation and with an average of 520 ± 26 kg live weight) were used for two periods, each of which consisted of 30 days (8 days of adaptation and 22 days of the basis period). The milk nutritional composition of the animals (dry matter, fat and protein content) was determined in the last three days in the last five consecutive days of each lactation period. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of pasture obtained from Perennial ryegrass + White clover mixture (PRWC) was found to be lower than that obtained from the other two (PR and OG) pasture and Net Energy Lactation (NEL) content was found higher in the first grazing period in the first year. However, the effect of the investigated pastures on milk yield was not significant, but it was found that the effects on milk protein yield in the first year and dry matter of milk in the second year were significant. In the first year of grazing period, milk yield, milk fat yield and protein yield were found to be significant. The results of this study showed that under these operating conditions, the botanical composition of the pasture had no effect on the amount and composition of the milk, but the milk yield decreased as the vegetation period advanced.