This study was conducted to collect, preserve and identify local oat genotypes grown in the Central and Western Black Sea region. Within the scope of the research, 251 local oat genotypes were collected from the places where they were cultivated in Düzce, Bolu, Zonguldak, Karabük, Kastamonu, Ordu, Sinop, Samsun, Amasya and Tokat provinces. The collected genotypes together with 4 standard oat varieties were taken into field trial in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application field according to Augmented trial design in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. As a result of the study, it was found that there were significant variations in terms of the parameters examined. Among the genotypes, the growth pattern of the 229 genotypes was perpendicular, The cluster genotypes of 163 genotypes were scattered, 132 genotypes were yellow in color, 157 genotypes were strongly stringy and 154 genotypes had callus hairiness. When the Matrix table was examined, it was found that the local genotypes with semi-horizontal growth pattern were not found in Amasya, Karabük, Kastamonu, Samsun and Tokat locations. In particular, parameters such as growth type, cluster type, color of husk, awn condition and callus hairiness. it provides ease of identification, since it does not affect the environmental conditions. In the light of this information, it is thought that the genetic variation is high in terms of ecology in which local genotypes are collected and will be beneficial for the protection of our genetic resources and for the future of national agriculture.

Bu çalışmada farklı oranlarda toprağa karıştırılan vermikompostun, çörek otu bitkisinin çinkolu gübre ihtiyacına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sera şartlarında yürütülen denemede; çörek otu bitkisine mikoriza inokülasyonunun etkisi de belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla yetiştirme toprağına %0; 2,5; 5, 10 ve 20 oranlarında vermikompost karıştırılmış ve 2 dozda çinkolu gübre (0-0,75 kg Zn/da) uygulanmıştır. Tohum ekimi sırasında kök bölgesine G. Mosseae türü mikoriza eklenmiş ve bitki gelişimi takip edilmiştir. Olgunlaşma dönemine gelen ve tohum teşekkülü gerçekleşen bitkiler hasat edilmiştir. Kökte spor ve hif sayısının vermikompost uygulamaları ile önemli oranda değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bitkide kapsül sayısı, tane sayısı, tane ağırlığı, bitki boyu, biyomas, tane K, P içeriği ve Zn içeriği vermikompost uygulamaları ile önemli oranda etkilenmiştir Tane P, K, Fe ve Zn içerikleri de çinko uygulamaları ile önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Vermikompost ve mikoriza etkileşimi de kapsül tane sayısı, tane ağırlığı, tane K ve Fe içeriğinde önemli farklılık göstermiştir. Yapılan vermikompost, mikoriza ve Zn uygulamalarının üçlü interaksiyonu da bitki boyu ve tanede Zn içeriği dışındaki tüm parametrelerde önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak vermikompost uygulamasının bitki gelişim parametrelerini diğer dozlara göre olumlu yönde etkilediği ve %2,5 dozunun ekonomik olması nedeniyle tavsiye edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.

The aim of this study was to investigate the macroanatomy and morphometric of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Six chicks (6-7 weeks), six layer hens (9-13 weeks) and six studs guinea fowl were used to study and determine the anatomical features of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Papillae of the tongue were examined photos of the general anatomic structures were taken. Morphometry was calculated by statistical analysis. The tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The papillae linguales caudales were on both sides of the corpus and radix linguae. Conical papillae were found to be sequentially V shaped at the radix. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and morphometric of the tongue of the guinea fowl tongue were examined in details and the similarities and differences between the tongue of the guinea fowl and the tongue of other poultry species were investigated.

Greenhouse gas emissions constitute the basis of global warming. One of the sectors contributing to the greenhouse gas emissions is the agriculture sector which accounts for 24% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the effect of cattle husbandry, small ruminant husbandry, poultry husbandry, paddy production, which are the main causes of emissions in the agriculture sector, on agricultural CO2 release was investigated. The research covers the years 1991-2017 of Turkey and China. In the study, time-series analyses such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller Breakpoint Unit Root Test, Johansen Cointegration Test, Ordinary Least Square Regression, Full Modified Ordinary Least Square, Canonical Cointegrating Regression and Impulse-Response Analysis were used. According to the results of the analysis, the effects of cattle husbandry, small ruminant husbandry, and paddy production activities on agricultural CO2 emissions were statistically significant in Turkey. We determined that the most effective variable on agricultural CO2 emissions was cattle husbandry both in the long- and short-term. On the other hand, poultry farming had no statistically significant effect on agricultural CO2 emissions. According to the results of the analysis for China, all variables were statistically significant. As a result, it is important to adopt methods that will not cause environmental damage or will have minimal impact in determination processes of effective parameters on agricultural CO2. The government should determine the boundaries of agricultural production processes through legal arrangements and the relevant ministries should implement them seriously. To take these measures and implement them are seen as a necessity for a sustainable world and a sustainable agricultural sector.

On-farm evaluation and demonstration of different field pea production packages (IFPP, LFPP and LFTP) was carried out for two cropping seasons across districts on seventeen sites in Northeastern Amhara region. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the performance of different field pea technologies and to demonstrate the package to the farmers and the extension personnel then to collect feedback from participants. The experiment was conducted by comparing improved variety with its full package along with the local variety under full package practice and farmers’ traditional practice. The agronomic, economic and farmers’ preference analysis clearly indicated that the improved technology is superior to the local variety under full package and farmers’ practice. The average mean grain yields of the improved practices (IFPP and LFPP) were 1901.7 and 1428.3 kgha-1in Dehana, while 1933.3 and 1520 kg ha-1 in Sekota district, respectively. Therefore, the improved field pea technology had a yield advantage of 33.2% and 91.8% respectively from the local cultivar under improved and farmers practice in Dehana. However, the improved technology had 27.2% and 94.6% yield advantage over the local with improved and farmers practice in Sekota, respectively. The marginal rate of return for improved technology in Dehana and Sekota districts was 857.2 and 1344.7%, respectively. Farmers perceived the higher yield potential of the improved technology as a result many of them showed great demand for improved field pea technology. So that pre-scaling up of the improved variety with its production package is recommended to similar agro ecologies.

Sun dried (T. fasciata) was stored with airtight polyethylene bags at room temperature to investigate the changes in physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics for 90 days. Sensory and physical (water reconstitution, pH) characteristics of dried T. fasciata showed that the product was acceptable up to 60 days of storage. Moisture content of T. fasciata was significantly increased from 15.06% to 17.80% during the storage period. No significant difference was observed in protein, lipid and ash content on dry matter basis during storage. However, amount of lipids of the dried fish was slightly decreased with the increasing of storage time. The pH value of dried T. fasciata was decreased significantly from 6.51 to 5.94 during the storage period. The peroxide value was increased from 13.84 to 27.87 meq/Kg of lipid. Similarly, acid value and conjugated diene of the lipids were increased significantly, and this result suggested that lipid oxidation occurred over this period of time. Microbial load was also increased from 1.13 to 8.37 log CFU/g with the increasing of storage time. Results of this study showed that the product was oxidized marginally during the storage period and suitable for human consumption up to 60 days.

Bacterial pathogens are isolated, identified and antibiogram were performed by taking the skin, gills and intestine of twenty randomly selected Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) that collected from local market of the Dinajpur city, Bangladesh. A serial dilution was prepared with the stated sample and at the amount of 0.1 ml was plated on nutrient agar, differential also specific media respectively. Then gram’s staining, colony morphology, biochemical test and antibiogram performed respectively. The four different isolated species with frequency of occurrence are 31(40.26%) Escherichia coli, 3 (29.87%) Staphylococcus spp., 13 (16.88%) Pseudomonas spp., 10 (12.99%) Salmonella spp. respectively. Some of these pathogens have tendency to transmit to man, who eat fish or deal with fish and fish products. Amoxicillin, Cefixime, Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Neomycin antibiotics was performed during sensitivity test. Among the total (77) isolated bacteria were sensitive to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin but resistant to Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Vancomycin and Erythromycin. The study was conducted in term of medical importance. Hence it is considered that a variety of bacterial species can be associated with fresh Tilapia fish related pathogen to humans.

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of UV-C and chitosan coatings, alone or in conjunction, on the quality of strawberry fruit during storage. The treated fruits were examined for weight loss, respiration rate, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid contents, total anthocyanins, total phenolic contents, decay incidence and sensory analysis of strawberry fruit were investigated during cold storage 1±0.5°C and 90±5% RH for 15 days. The result showed that chitosan coating with UV-C irradiation could further reduce decay incidence of strawberry fruit, restrain increase of respiration rate and weight loss of strawberry fruit compared to other treatments. Moreover, the total anthocyanins and total phenolic contents were maintained at higher level, and the decrease of ascorbic acid was restricted during storage period. Likewise, sensory analysis results also showed the effectiveness of UV-C + chitosan treatment by retaining the quality of strawberry fruit. Control and individual UV-C treatment had similar effects on respiration rate and weight loss. The results showed that UV-C + chitosan treatment can be an effective method for enhancing the phytochemical content and delaying fruit senescence of strawberry fruit during cold storage.

An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed from in vitro germinated seeds of Petunia hybrida an ornamentally important plant in the family Solanaceae. Shoot tip and node explants of Petunia hybrida were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest shoot length was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l NAA. The highest shoot number (3 shoots/explant) were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IBA. The isolated shoots were transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of GA3 ranging from 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l for shoot elongation. The highest shoot length (5.75 cm) was recorded from the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l GA3 +0.2 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.1-1 mg/1 IBA and NAA. The regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sterilized peat moss and grown under laboratory conditions with 70% survival rates.

Sweet sorghum is an important crop which is produced for food, energy and feed (Almodares and Hadi, 2009). The crop prefers warm moist soil for germination and emergence. However, it would be more beneficial if it can be grown in different seasons. A field experiment was carried to evaluate sixteen sweet sorghum genotypes [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] under winter conditions in order to assess the possibility of producing the crop throughout the year since the crop consumes less water and has a short life cycle when compared with sugarcane. The genotypes we recollected from different areas of Sudan. The experiment was planted using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There were significant differences among genotypes with respect to the number of days to germination, plant height, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, head weight, shoot fresh weight, head to shoot ratio, brix value, juice weight and number of days to maturity. A highly positive correlation (0.92) was observed between juice and shoot weight, and there was a negative correlation (-0.14) between brix value and head weight. The genotypes showed high variability in all mentioned parameters, hence, could be useful genetic resources for breeding winter adaptation.