The objective of this study was to find out the performance of a seeding unit metering coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.) with a fluted roll. As a first step for the determination of the performance of the metering unit, flow rate measurements were achieved at a combination of five roll lengths and ten different rpm values with three replications. The coefficient of variation (CV, %) was calculated and each CV value was used to characterize the flow evenness. The seed distributions were obtained at three seeding rates (15, 20 and 25 kg ha-1) and three forward speeds (1.0, 1.5 and 2 ms-1). The data obtained from the sticky belt test stand experiments; the seed distribution uniformity was evaluated based on two performance criterion. One of them was the variation factor (Vƒ) and the other one was the goodness criterion (λ). The CV (%) values of flow evenness were found to vary between 0.28 and 1.05%. On the other hand, the variation factor (Vƒ) values were found to range from 0.65 to 0.83 and these values indicated that the seeding can be characterized as precision seeding at all combinations of three seeding rate and three forward speeds. The goodness criterion (λ) values varied between 69 % and 77.3%. Based on the evaluation range of the goodness criterion (λ), the seeding at a seeding rate of 15 kg ha-1 and forward speed of 1.0 ms-1 along with the seeding rate of 20 and 25 kg ha-1 at a forward speed of 1.0 and 1.5 ms-1 was classified as very good. The rest of the four seeding rates and forward speeds combinations, the goodness criterion (λ) was evaluated to be good quality.

Difficulties in adventitious root formation in blackberry (Rubus fructicosus L.) cuttings create a disadvantage for producers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different growth regulator applications on the rooting ability of blackberry hardwood cuttings in order to avoid this problem. The experiment was carried out in the polycarbonate greenhouse of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Agricultural Research and Application Center In the experiment, in addition to the control (pure water) group, Indole-3-Butyric Acid (3000 ppm IBA) and different doses of paclobultrazole (500 ppm PBZ1, 1000 ppm PBZ2, 1500 ppm PBZ3) were applied to hardwood cuttings separately and in combination. After the application, the cuttings were planted in perlite medium and left to root for 90 days. At the end of this period, in the cuttings removed; rooting rate, callus formation rate, root number, root length and root diameter parameters were examined. As a result of the study, the highest rooting rate was obtained from the IBA applied cuttings (%42.22), followed by the PBZ1 applied cuttings closest (%33.33). In addition, it was determined that PBZ applications had positive effects on root diameter compared to the control group. The results obtained are important in terms of contributing to the literature and benefiting the enterprises

Although land-based pollution is expressed as the most important pollution factor in the pollution of the seas (80%), the rate of pollution originating from ships (approximately 20%) is not to be underestimated. The fact that marine pollution is caused almost exclusively by ships requires investigation of the measures to be taken against marine pollution from ships and their applicability. As a matter of fact, the most important cause of pollution caused by ships is ballast water, and it has been determined that over 7,000 marine organisms are transported between ports with ballast waters on a global scale every day. Ballast water is used to maintain the balance of the ship on the water when the ships are not loaded. Considering that 90% of international trade is still provided by ships and 3-5 billion tons of ballast water is transported by approximately 85,000 ships every year with world maritime trade, the importance of pollution caused by ballast water becomes apparent. While ballast water is one of the elements that cause the transport of exotic marine and freshwater organisms between all seas of the world and cause pollution, the pollution in question is very effective especially in the aquaculture sector. Therefore, in this article, the connection of ballast water with fisheries management has been examined and solutions have been sought for the problems.

Remote sensing data is widely used as a common variable for digital soil mapping estimating models. The aim of this study, quite recently made available to researchers Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI–2) have structure Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 (OLI) and Sentinel 2A (MSI) to compare the performance of soil moisture estimation in multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) artificial intelligence algorithm of image data. The working area is 886.78 km2 and soil sampling was performed at 66 points for gravimetric soil moisture determination. In addition, after the satellite images were pre-processed, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) were calculated. Landsat 9 (OLI-2) based SAVI and NDMI showed a moderately significant positive correlation relationship with gravimetric soil moisture (rSAVI-SM=0.62, rNMDI-SM=0.44). The relationship between Landsat 8 (OLI) (rSAVI-SM=0.57, rNDMI-SM=0.11) and Sentinel 2A (MSI) (rSAVI-SM=0.42, rNDMI-SM=0.27) based radiometric indices and soil moisture was lower than Landsat 9 (OLI-2). RMSE values of MLP models were found to be respectively 0.79, 1.16 and 1.17 for Landsat 9 (OLI-2), Landsat 8 (OLI) and Sentinel 2A (MSI). Our results showed that with an Operational Land Imager (OLI-2) and near and short-wave infrared wavelengths improvements to multispectral imaging have improved soil moisture estimation success.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw buffalo milk and buffalo milk products such as cheese, yogurt, cream, and ice cream by ELISA technique. In the study, 175 samples were investigated, and it was determined that 146 (83.43%) of the samples had AFM1 concentrations below the LOD (limit of detection) value. In 29 samples (16.57%), the AFM1 concentration exceeded the LOD value, and in 7 (4%) of these, the AFM1 concentration was above the legal limits (50 ng/L). While AFM1 was not detected in raw buffalo milk samples, the presence of AFM1 in cheese, yogurt, cream, and ice cream samples was found to be 2.85%, 2.85%, 62.85%, and 14.3%, respectively. 2.85% of cheese samples and 17.1% of cream samples were found contaminated with AFM1 above the allowed legal limits (50 ng/L). As a result, it was determined that the potential for exposure to AFM1 by consuming buffalo cream was higher than the consumption of buffalo milk and other buffalo milk products. However, the detection of AFM1 above legal limits in buffalo milk products poses a serious risk to public health. Therefore, it is extremely necessary for public health to develop effective monitoring programs to control aflatoxin contamination in milk and new strategies to maintain inspections.

In this study, it is planned to make a spatial analysis of the accessibility function of a city using GIS. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial accessibility of primary schools, which are among the educational institutions in the Merkez district of Niğde province. The Spatial Plans Building Regulation was used as a criterion for accessibility. The current number of students and teachers in the schools and the number of classrooms were obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the obtained data were analyzed by transferring them to ArcGIS software. In the study, the Zoning Plan from the Niğde Municipality, the road and housing data obtained from OpenStreetMap, the location information of the schools and the number of students obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the population data obtained from TÜİK were used. According to the results of the study, there are problems in accessibility the primary schools in some neighborhoods in the Merkez district, and this problem is increasing especially in rural areas. It should not be forgotten that accessibility is important for everyone, school and settlement plans should be made with reference to the values specified in the spatial plans regulation.

Dendrobaena veneta (Rosa, 1886) ( Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbricidae) is one of the most widely used compost worms which has; 50–70 mm body length,with striated red pigmentation and clitellum on segments 27–33.Thistaxon is now widely distributed all over Europe. The origin of this species is suggested to be in the East Mediterranean. D. veneta has been the subject of several cell-biological, immunological, soil and environmental studies. In this context, the main purpose and content of the study is to analyzethe bio- ecology, morphology and seasonal variation of D. veneta with the data which was obtained from the observations and examination scarried out during 2020-2022 in two different habitat locality in Nevşehir province.

The increase in the world population and rapid urbanization cause different types of pollution such as air, water, soil and noise. Today, this situation significantly affects the quality of life in densely populated settlements both in the world and in Turkey. Noise pollution, which is one of the important types of pollution, especially in urban areas, is increasing day by day due to anthropogenic effects. Studies conducted by the European Noise Directive (END) show that noise pollution is one of the important factors that cause health problems. Parks are places that allow children trapped in the structural environment in urban life to get to know nature and play games in open spaces. In particular, the children's playgrounds in the parks allow children to play and socialize in the open area and also allow parents to rest. However, park users may be exposed to noise pollution due to high-level noises originating from vehicle traffic, user density, and children's playgrounds in these places. This situation adversely affects the physical and mental health of the park users. The aim of the research is to determine the noise level in children's playgrounds in parks and to develop suggestions for reducing this noise level. As a result of the preliminary studies carried out in this context, Antalya/Kepez Dokuma Park was determined as a research area. Zones were created at certain intervals around the children's playground in the research area. And noise levels were measured on weekdays and weekends from the noise measurement points determined in these zones. The results obtained show that the noise pollution caused by the children's playgrounds in the parks and environmental factors is at a high level. In this context, landscape design and planning proposals have been developed to reduce noise pollution from children's playgrounds and environmental factors.

Researchers have turned to alternative studies in order to benefit more from renewable energy sources due to fossil resources will be insufficient in the near future, environmental pollution as a result of fuel combustion and increasing energy demand. Biogas production, which is used in many areas such as heating, transportation, electricity, natural gas and chemical production, is one of the most attractive alternatives among these studies. Animal manure is also an important material used as a substrate in the production of biogas. For this purpose, the province of Van, which is one of the leading provinces of our country in terms of animal production and where cattle, sheep and poultry are grown intensively, was chosen as the research area. In the research, TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) 2021 data were used. It was made evaluations on the animal numbers data of the province of Van for 2021 and the amount of total manure and the biogas potential were determined. As a result of the research; the total amount of usable manure that can be obtained from animal waste in Van province is 1.45 million tons × year-1 and its conversion potential into biogas energy is calculated as 57.448.729 m3 × year-1. It has been determined that it is equivalent to 2.700.009.026 kWh of electricity or 47.107.958 m3 of natural gas energy of the total biogas potential. This too; when evaluated with today's prices, it saves approximately 221 to 337 million TL × year-1, depending on the area of use.

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationships between animal welfare score (AWS) and milk somatic cell count (SCC) in Anatolian buffaloes. The study carried out on 39 buffalo farms of Bafra district of Samsun province of Turkey between January and March 2020. To obtain AWS data, a scale with 1 to 100 points (1-25: poor, 26-50: moderate, 51-75: suitable and ≥76: excellent) was used. Locomotion ability (LA), social interaction (SI), flooring (F), indoor conditions (IC) and effect of stockman (S) were used to be AWS parameters. Milk samples were analyzed by SCC using a portable cell counter. The SCC values were transferred to log10 base before the analyses. To assess the effects of AWS on logSCC, independent sample t-test was performed. The relations of all parameters with each other were calculated by Kendall rank correlation method and the statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS 17.0. The highest and the lowest means were obtained from SI (79.66±1.28) and F (61.79±2.51), respectively. While the highest correlation was estimated between IC and AWS (r=0.724), all AWS parameters had approximately moderate relations with AWS. Positive or negative, but insignificant correlation coefficients were estimated between any traits and logSCC. The means of SCC (136841±15522 cells/ml) and AWS (68.70±1.67) of the present study were found within the suitable thresholds. Routinely keeping the records on AWS and its components, and adding AWS data to the herd management programs was suggested to the buffalo farm owners.