Bu çalışma; Şanlıurfa ve Gaziantep sınırları içinde bulunan Karkamış Baraj Gölü’nün fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla Ocak-Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında belirlenen 5 istasyonda yüzey ve 4 ve 8 m derinliklerden su örnekleri alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alınan su örneklerinde yıl boyunca sıcaklık, pH, çözünmüş oksijen, elektriksel iletkenlik, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu, orto fosfat fosforu, toplam azot ve toplam fosfor ölçülmüş olup tespit edilen değerler sırasıyla; sıcaklık (14,3-21,6°C ortalama: 9,4), pH (8,4-9,1-7,8), çözünmüş oksijen (9-10-11,8 mg L-1), elektriksel iletkenlik (251-332-412 µS cm-1) amonyum azotu (0,003-0,069-0,194 mg L-1), nitrat azotu (1,549-2,292-3,473 mg N L-1), nitrit azotu (0,001-0,006-0,053 mg L-1), orto fosfat fosforu (0,007-0,034-0,076 mg L-1), toplam azot (0,722-1,154-1,696 mg L-1), toplam fosfor (0,007-0,016-0,026 mg L-1) bulunmuştur. Karkamış Baraj Gölü’nde fizikokimyasal parametrelerin aylık olarak farklı derinliklerde değişimini izleyerek, su kalitesi özelliklerine ve sucul yaşam açısından uygunluk seviyesi ile Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetim Yönetmenliğine göre I. Sınıf yüksek kaliteli su sınıfında olduğunu göstermektedir.

Protein, vitamin ve mineral içeriği yüksek olan et, taze olarak tüketilemediği için farklı yöntemlerle işlenmektedir. Kurutma, etin uzun süre saklanmasında kullanılan en eski yöntemlerden birisidir. Kurutulmuş et ürünleri genel kapsamda Jerky olarak isimlendirilmekte ve genel olarak etin çeşitli ön işlemlere tabi tutulup (marinasyon, tuzlama, tütsüleme vb.) sonrasında uygun kurutma işlemiyle son ürün haline getirilmesi ile üretilmektedir. Etin kurutulmasında yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemler güneşte kurutma ve gölgede kurutmayı model alan geleneksel sıcak hava ile kurutmadır. Bununla birlikte, günümüzde geleneksel yöntemlerin meydana getirmiş olduğu çeşitli fizikokimyasal, dokusal ve duyusal kalite kayıplarının azaltılmasına yönelik olarak çeşitli kurutma tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi ve bu tekniklerin et kurutulmasında kullanılması yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yapılan bu derleme çalışması, çeşitli et gruplarının geleneksel ve güncel yöntemlerle kurutulmasına yönelik çalışmaları ve bu yöntemlere ilişkin güncel önerileri içermektedir.

In this study, the effects of Artemia sp. nauplii and micro capsulated feed on growth performance and survival rate of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae were compared at the end of three weeks of rearing period. Length of goldfish larvae (4.82 mm) fed Artemia sp. (from 4 to 12/mL/day) were between 7.97 and 9.76 mm at the end of the trial while these values were between 6.80 and 7.21 mm for those fed microencapsulated feed (from 10 to 30 mg/L/day). On the other hand length of guppy larvae fed Artemia sp. (from 5 to 25/mL/day) were between 13.02 and 17.00 mm, whereas these values were remained between 11.98 and 12.38 mm for those fed microencapsulated feed (from 10 to 40 mg/L/day). A similar result was also observed in survival rates. Survival rate of goldfish larvae fed Artemia sp. were 88.91-97.61% in while those fed microencapsulated feed were 6.19-87.14%. On the other hand survival rate of guppy larvae fed Artemia sp. were 99.17-100.00% whereas those fed microencapsulated feed were 57.50-87.50%. Eventually, microencapsulated feed was not as successful as Artemia sp. on the growth and survival rate of larvae of both species.

Plants need different macro and micro nutrient elements to grow and reproduce. Their malnutrition results in unhealthy growth. The soils of Naqadeh area, Iran are deficient in micronutrient elements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of micronutrients application on some qualitative and quantitative parameters of economically important monogerm sugar beet cv. Sonja. The plants were foliar sprayed with iron, boron, zinc, and manganese. The studied traits were potassium, sodium, nitrogen, extraction coefficient, sugar percent, recoverable sugar, alkalinity, molasses, root yield, and white sugar recovery yield. The effect of micronutrients was significant on all studied traits. The highest extraction coefficient of 89.31 was related to the foliar application of iron (Fe) and the highest recoverable sugar percent (16.91%) was obtained from Zn application. Also, the highest mean root yield (74.120 t ha-1) and white sugar yield (12.137 t ha-1) were noted after foliar treatments of boron (B) and Fe, respectively.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 600 million people fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420 000 die every year. Although various foods can serve as sources of foodborne illness, meat has been at the forefront of societal concerns in recent years. Meat is source of some foodborne pathogens which have an important role on human health. In this study, it was aimed to examine the microbiological quality of raw bovine meat samples sold in Tokat province and to evaluate the results in the context of food safety. For this purpose, 18 raw meat samples purchased from butchers and markets were analyzed for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts-molds, lactic acid bacteria, B. cereus, S. aureus, C. perfringens, total coliform, and fecal coliform. The presence of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were also investigated in these samples. The lowest and highest values determined for the parameters were as follows: total mesophilic aerobic bacteria 1.46×104-1.26×107 CFU/g, total psychrotrofic aerobic bacteria 1.01×104-2.65×106 CFU/g, yeasts-molds 3.00×103-1.70×104 CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria 2.70×103-3.60×104 CFU/g, B. cereus ˂102-7.20×104 CFU/g, S. aureus 2.60×103-2.57×105 CFU/g, C. perfringens ˂102-9.20×103 CFU/g, total coliform 3.80×101-2.90×104 MPN/g, and fecal coliform

Due to rapidly increasing population and urbanization, agricultural lands are shrinking. However, environmental problems and pollution are constantly increasing. This poses a threat to agricultural production and food access. In order to overcome these threats, the use of fully controlled indoor production systems called plant factory is becoming widespread. The management of plant nutrition and monitor of environmental conditions is very important for production in the plant factory. Plant production is sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in order to ensure the correct climatic conditions. The high cost of control systems designed for this purpose is a problem for producers. In this study, a mini plant factory prototype and control system are presented which is developed by using open source hardware and software. In addition, the temperature, relative humidity and light measured by the low-cost sensors were compared with the reference devices and the system performance and stability were investigated.

The “Action Plan for the Water Use in Agriculture Activation Program” in the Tenth Five-Year Development Plan, prepared by The Ministry of Development for the period 2014-2018, is one of the most important indicators of the increasing importance of water resources and irrigation. It’s published according to Blaney-Criddle method with the data of the Crop Evapotranspiration Guideline in 1982, for a guide to be updated by General Directorate of Agricultural Research And Policies (TAGEM) and General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) in 2013, using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Penman Monteith method. While DSİ undertakes the calculation of reference plant water consumption (ET0), effective precipitation and irrigation water requirement of this update, TAGEM is responsible for the compilation of information obtained from irrigation researches, calculation of plant coefficient (kc) values, publication of guides in written and electronic media realized. In this study, five guides (Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Edirne, Kocaeli and Tekirdağ) in three different climatic regions (Akdeniz Ardı, Marmara and İç Geçit-Marmara) were used in this guide, which the two institutions jointly organize and update with intensive effort, TUIK 2012-2016 considering the data, the county made on the basis of agriculture and untreated plants, guide place whether to get cases examined, the importance and aspects to be developed contacts have tried to reveal.

Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) is a multivariate statistic method that is used at the evaluation of sensory analyses in the food industry. GPA provides benefit in terms of decreasing the difference between the panellists and bringing the data obtained from different panellists together. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of a pre-slaughter fasting period on sensory characteristics of lambs fed with different rations using GPA. Semi-trained panellists formed from twenty-six persons were requested for evaluation of the meat samples such as tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking rated on a scale of 1(extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely good). The first two factors obtained by GPA explained 66.74% of total variability. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 12 h and 24 h fasting of lambs fed barley supplemented with alfalfa hay were less preferable when compared to lambs fed alfalfa hay only. In addition, lambs in both groups with 48 h fasting were preferred less by the panellists. In conclusion, GPA analysis provides useful data concerning the sensitivity of each panellist in a sensory panel test.

Kurşun (Pb), belirli eşik konsantrasyonları aştığında insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler için tehlikeli olan bir ağır metaldir. Tütün bünyesinde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kurşun biriktirebilen bir bitkidir. Kurşun alımında tütün genotipleri arasındaki farklılıklar ve bitkilerin kurşuna verdikleri henüz cevap açıkça belirlenmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Pb dozlarının (Pb 0; 0,25; 2,5 ve 10 mg kg-1) iki farklı tütün çeşidinin (Xanthi/2A ve Nail) biyomas (kök ve yeşil aksam) üretimi, Pb konsantrasyonu ve mikro besin konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilen tütün çeşitlerine artan Pb dozları ile birlikte temel makro (N, P ve K) ve mikro (Fe ve Zn) besin elementleri verilmiştir. İki farklı tütün çeşidinde biomas üretimi (kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi), yeşil aksam Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile çeşitlerin kuru madde verimi önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Kök ve yeşil aksamda ortaya çıkan azalmaya karşın, artan dolarda kurşun uygulamaları ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam kurşun konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan dozlarda Pb uygulaması ile tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksam Zn, Fe, Mn ve Cu konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artış ve azalışlara neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak en yüksek kurşun dozunda dahi Nail ve Xanthi/2A tütün çeşitlerinin yeşil aksamında 1,0 mg kg-1’ın altında Pb konsantrasyonuna sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen kurşun ile kirlenmiş topraklarda yetişen tütün çeşitleri ile yapılan tütün mamulleri insanlar içim risk teşkil etmektedir.

The study was carried out to examine the effect of varied levels of dietary monosodium glutamate on acetylcholinesterase, specific acetylcholinesterase and total protein concentrations in the brain regions of broiler chickens. Three hundred (300) day – old unsexed Abor – acre chickens were randomly assigned to diets: A, B, C, D, E and F containing 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg MSG respectively. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed ad – libitum and provided with clean water for 8 weeks (56 days) after which 2 birds per replicates were slaughtered. The brains were removed, dissected into different regions comprising of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The different parts of the brain were homogenized to determine the acetylcholinesterase and total protein which were also used in the assessment of the specific acetylcholinesterase of the brain. No significant differences were observed in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum except for the medulla. Likewise, the dietary monosodium glutamate did not influence the activities of the total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase of the olfactory lobe portion of the brain. The dietary monosodium glutamate exerted significant effects on the total protein of other brain parts studied and which invariably resulted in significant changes in the specific acetylcholinesterase of the optic lobe, cerebellum and medulla except for the optic lobe. This study revealed that monosodium glutamate added to broilers diet above 0.75 g/kg significantly altered the concentration of the brain acetylcholinesterase, total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase thereby impaired brain functions.