In this study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic value of local Yığılca honeys by examining their physicochemical characteristics, phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial properties by underlining some overlooked parameters. Honey samples ware divided into two main groups as CH and FH based on melissopalynologycal analysis. Antimicrobial activity of collected honey samples were investigated on important hospital-acquired infections bacteria strains; MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), MSSA (Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus), Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Although CH’s antimicrobial activities were found slightly higher than the FH’s, there isn’t statistically significant differences between two type honeys. However, the antioxidant activity of CH was found significantly higher than FH. Surprisingly, a higher amount of isomaltose was determined in addition to the total phenolic content in CH compared to FH. There has been found positive correlation between isomaltose amount and zone diameters for MRSA and A. baumannii. We would like to draw attention to isomaltose for its health benefit structure since these parameters may be influence honey’s therapeutic value. We recommend that isomaltose and invertase enzyme should be included in to the honey codex standards suitably depending on the monofloral and multifloral honey’s specific structure, to sensitively standardize and control their quality and therapeutic value. Our data revealed a positive correlation between antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content and higher isomaltose amount.

The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, especially that of CO2, is a major concern because it is the main source leading to global warming, and its impact on climate change is still widely studied. The intensity and frequency of drought and flooding increase due to the change in climate, which has a negative impact on crop productivity and food security. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the role of corn in carbon sequestration based on plant biomass and soil organic carbon accumulation. We presented the main factors that contribute to carbon sequestration and concrete examples regarding the capacity of corn hybrids created at National Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARDI) Fundulea, as well as aspects regarding the importance of soil tillage and fertilisation. In contrast to genotypes in which this ratio was lower, maize genotypes that demonstrated a rise in the root:stem ratio under drought stress conditions produced more biomass, suggesting that the roots of these genotypes can grow at water potentials where stem growth is inhibited, which are attributes that also prove their good potential for carbon sequestration under climate change conditions. The organic carbon content in the superficial soil layer decreased with the intensification of the degree of soil mobilisation (9.95% when working the soil with the chisel, 17.91% for ploughing), but fertilisation had a beneficial effect. The biomass was higher than that of the unfertilised soil. This means that a higher carbon input has a positive influence on the carbon stock in the soil.

We, here, aimed to determine the presence of Anguillicola crassus, a swim bladder parasite, in 89 (male: 45, female: 44) dead European eel specimens obtained seasonally between 2020-2021 from a regional fisherman, who has fished with fyke net in the locality Tuzla of Izmir Bay, Eastern Aegean Sea. Out of 21 male European eels caught in winter, only one specimen (TL: 48.5 cm and TW: 247.12 g) had 23 swim bladder parasites (adult nematodes: 15, larvae: 8) and similarly, only one parasite was found in one specimen (TL: 37.5 cm and TW: 88.47 g) of 8 eels caught in spring. No parasite was found in the female eels. At the examinations, it was determined that all adult Anguillicola crassus specimens were females and the minimum-maximum and average length values in adult and larval parasites were, respectively, 1.5-2.5 cm (1.99 ± 0.31) and 0.7-1.3 cm (1.025 ± 2.40). Consequently, the species A. crassus, a swim bladder parasite, was found in European eels from the locality Çamalti Tuzla in two seasons (winter and spring) and this parasitic nematode were only in male eels. This study is a first and remarkable one having evidential value, which shows the presence of the species A. crassus among the eel population in the locality Çamalti Tuzla of Izmir Bay. Besides, it is a population that should be monitored due to the status of Anguilla anguilla on the IUCN red list.

In order to stablishment the irrigation suitability of the Soils in the flat Cauca Valley (Colombia), It was necessary to applying the model in 4840 ha in the pilot area. The soil survey was revised and adjusted its taxonomy, and complement with the laboratories analysis in soil samples. Climatological study was doing so, in order to determinate the cuantity water contribution and quality of the irrigation water. The actual use map was doing too. Applying the model proposed by Arévalo and Botero (1990) land management units was determinated. Over these was analised their suitability with respect some Irrigation Management Types and Land Use Types and: theirs requirements. They are: sugar cane with furrow and sprinkler irrigations, cotton and bean with sprinkler irrigation and rice with flooding irrigation method. The land suitability was stablishment on basis approaching grade between Land Use Types and irrigation method requirements and Land Unites conditions. The potencial suitability was found too. | Para determinar la aptitud para riego de los suelos de la parte plana del Valle del Río Cauca (Colombia) se tomó como área piloto un sector representativo 4840 ha que la CVC (1970) ha tomado como zona piloto de regulación de aguas y manejo de suelos. La zona fue seleccionada por la variabilidad de suelos, uso de la tierra y régimen de lluvias. Siguiendo la metodología de levantamiento de suelos se revisó y ajustó el ya existente. Complementando con análisis de laboratorio, estudio climatológico para cuantificar aportes de agua y caracterización de calidad de aguas. Así mismo se hizo el mapa de uso actual de la tierra. Con base en lo anterior se definieron las unidades de Manejo de Tierras como se explica en la metodología expuesta por Arévalo y Botero (1990), evaluando la aptitud de cada Unidad para diferentes Tipos de Manejo Bajo Riego y Tipos de Uso de la Tierra; entre los que se analizaron caña de azúcar con riego por surcos y aspersión, algodón y soya con riego por aspersión y arroz por inundación. La aptitud de la tierra se determinó por el grado de acercamiento entre los requerimientos del cultivo y las condiciones de la Unidad de Tierra. También se encontró la aptitud potencial.

Organic agricultural products are food products that are inspected and certified at all stages of production until they are offered for consumption by institutions that are authorized by the state. Beekeeping products made for human food are also subject to the same certification process. With this research, it was aimed to reveal the organic beekeeping and organic honey understanding of the people of Iğdır region. With the survey, the information of the local consumers about organic honey, how they got this information, their status and reasons for organic honey consumption, as well as the certification processes were collected. The obtained data were analyzed with numerical, proportional, and decision tree methods. The genders of the survey participants were 66% male, 34% female. It was also determined that 70.5% of the participants were under the age of 40, had a bachelor's degree or higher education level in the proportion of 43%, and 63% had a minimum wage or lower-income level. For the questions asked about the research topic, it was reported that participants know and eat organic honey in the proportion of 93%, buy organic honey in the proportion of 77.5%, having information about the organic honey certificate in the proportion of 67% and certification stages in the proportion of 43%. Despite these high rates, the same participants gave contradictory answers to some other questions, such as; for the question of “What is organic honey?” the answer of "Certified honey" in the proportion of only 11.5% and for the question of “How did you know that the organic honey you bought was organic honey?” the answer of " I saw its certificate” in the proportion of only 18.1%. This contradiction was noted. With this research, it was determined that the local people did not have enough information about organic beekeeping and honey understanding. In order to fill this gap, it can be suggested that healthy nutrition lessons be included in the education curricula starting from primary school, and usage of TV, radio, and internet broadcasting for this purpose. The fact that the participants' education level is high and their age is young may provide an advantage in order to get results from the training to be given on the subject.

At Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) in Palmira, an experiment was carried out during the second semester of 1992 to evaluate the effect of different compaction depths and moisture levels on the soybean Valluna - 5 variety. On a loam soil without deficiencies nor toxicity of elements, the experiment was stablished under a split plot arrangement with four repetitions where the principal plots were the three irrigation levels and the subplots were the compaction depths (5, 15, 30 cm and  control). The moisture level was more influential than the compaction depth respect to the yield, weight of 100 seeds and germination percentage, while the compaction depth restricted more the root depth. Height of plants, foliar area, seed quality, oil and protein percentages and uptake of elements (N, P, K, Ca, MG, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and B) were not affected by the treatments. | El experimento se realizó durante el segundo semestre de 1992 en el Centro de Investigaciones del ICA en Palmira, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes profundidades de compactación y niveles de  humedad sobre la producción de soya variedad Valluna-5. En un suelo franco sin deficiencias, ni toxicidad por elementos, se estableció el experimento en un arreglo en franjas divididas, con cuatro repeticiones: las parcelas principales fueron los tres niveles de riego y las subparcelas las profundidades de compactación (5, 15 y 30 cm y testigo). El nivel de humedad afectó el rendimiento, peso de 100 semillas y porcentaje de germinación.; mientras que las profundidades de compactación restringieron más la profundidad de raíces. Los tratamientos no afectaron la altura de planta, área foliar, calidad de semilla, porcentaje de grasas y proteínas y toma de elementos (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe y B).

Labneh is one of the most consumed dairy products in the Lebanese community, on breakfast, as a snack or on dinner, plane or mixed with herbs. Its various health benefits plus its acceptability among people makes it an important part of the Lebanese diet. In both its synthetic and homemade forms, several additives are usually incorporated to enhance its flavor and offer a variety of tastes. The problem with Labneh is its short shelf life, as well as its sensitive sensory profile. That is why most industries mix chemical additives with Labneh to prolong its shelf life and conserve its taste. The aim of this research is to preserve Labneh naturally by adding Moringa Oleifera dried leaves to extend its shelf life and inhibit rapid spoilage. Working on a natural preservation of Labneh instead of chemical preservation will be assessed by the survey’s results and prepare for studying the overall acceptability of the product by making a sensory analysis. The results of the questionnaire showed that the Lebanese community which is not totally aware of Moringa Oleifera benefits and availability, is willing to try fortified Labneh with Moringa as a new product with extended shelf life and more health benefits. The results of the sensory analysis showed that the sensory attributes of the samples with Moringa after 21 days of storage, where not significantly different than normal plane Labneh, which indicate that adding Moringa did not affect the sensory attributes of Labneh giving it more acceptability to consumers.

The objective of this experiment was to know carrying capacity of rusa deer (Cervus timorensisi) at Mar, Wasur National Park Merauke district. The data collected were spesies of grasses, production each species and carrying capacity. The results showed species of grasses were Cynadon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica and Phragmites karka. Mar was dominated by Cynadon dactylon. The production of Cynodon dactylon was 2.183 kg/ha. The carryng capacity of rusa deer was 0.5 ha/head/year.