In this study, it is aimed to obtain a new and functional product as a result of adding the remaining black carrot into powder form in different proportions (10, 20 and 30%). Biscuits without waste fermented carrot powder (WFCP) were taken as control group. When ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity values of WFCP were examined, it was found 1032.75 mgAA / 1000g, 4254.92 mg GAE / kg dry weight and % inhibition 43.30, respectively. The textural properties of the biscuit dough with the addition of AFHT were investigated. Moreover, the effect of adding WFCP on colour values, water activity, moisture, ash, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and textural properties of biscuits were determined. With the addition of WFCP, L* and b* values were decreased and a* values were increased in biscuits compared to control sample. Water activity and ash values increased as WFCP rate increased in biscuits. Ascorbic acid, total phenolic and antioxidant activity (DPPH) values of biscuits added with WFCP (30%) increased by 4.89, 7.22 and 4.04 times, respectively, compared to the control group. The addition of WFCP also improved the textural properties of the biscuits, while the hardness value of control group was found to be 4175.87 g force, the highest hardness value was obtained as 6494.09 g force for 20% WFCP added biscuits. In sensory evaluation, the biscuits with the addition of 10% WFCP gained the highest likelihood with 5.6 in terms of general acceptability.

The improvement and use of sustainable energy technologies are developing by the reason of increasing energy demand. Due to the fossil fuels negative effects on the environment, energy efficient building and their industrial applications have become an important research topic. To increase energy efficiency in the food industry, the reduction of specific energy consumption is needed. Food production facilities using energy for heating, cooling, drying, and specific processes which requires high temperature. In this study, six energy system models have been suggested, and presented for the use in food processing applications. These models are based on renewable energy, waste heat management, solar energy, and efficient heat pump, ice storage heat pump, thermal energy storage heat pump, drying with heat recovery and dehumidification. In addition to carbon footprint reductant, the latest trend technologies are presented and the advantages are also discussed. Especially hybrid systems that are combined with phase change materials and biomass are investigated.

North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of biometric properties of Bafra sheep and lambs such as chest depth, chest width, chest circumference, rump height, height at withers, body length and body weight. Relationships were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis. As a result, it has been shown that biometric properties of Bafra sheep and lambs provide different results on live weight estimation. In addition, the relationships between biometric properties were not similar (r = -0.16).

This study aimed to investigate appropriate seed rates for legume-turnip intercrops under different harvest stages. Turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) was sown with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir) in 2014 with four different combinations (100% legume, 75% legume + 25% turnip, 50% legume + 50% turnip, 100% turnip) and catted in two different times when the beginning and end of the flowering of turnip. The study was conducted in Yozgat-Turkey with three replicates. Hay yield, protein yield, ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg, P, K, Land Equivalent Ratio, Competitive Ratio and Aggressivity characteristics were determined in view of the combinations. The results of this study, 50%HV + 50%T and sole pea harvested turnip was at the beginning of flowering stage were the best treatments. On the other hand, when harvest was done at end of the flowering of turnip 50%P + 50%T, 75%P + 25%T and 50%HV + 50%T intercropping were the high yielding treatment.

The agricultural production model which is done in order to provide food security, sustainability, and traceability in the agriculture, protect the natural sources and perform agricultural production, harmless to the environment, human and animal health, is called as Good Agricultural Practices. This study covers agricultural enterprises engaged in good agricultural practices and non-engaged in good agricultural practices in Adana province. The aim of the research is to compare the general characteristics of farms and to determine their views on good agricultural practices. The main material of the study constituted the primary data obtained through the survey of the 170 enterprises engaged in good agricultural and the non-used citrus (lemon and mandarin) farming in Adana province. According to the survey, it was determined that a higher level of education in enterprises engaged in ITU. The majority of good agricultural producers are residents in cities and towns and have social security. About 84.71% of good agricultural producers practise ITU in order to benefit support. It was determined that 25.88% of no good agriculture practices found ITU unnecessary. The 67.06% of producers stated that the market situation of the ITU products is similar to conventional products.

The aim of this study was to investigate preservation of the microbiological, chemical and sensory quality of chicken meatballs during storage time by using rosemary essential oil (REO) coated vacuum packaging materials at +4°C. The treatments of chicken meatballs examined in the present study were done by vacuum packaging and packaging materials were prepared by using REO coating 0.3% for group A, 0.5% group B and control group without any additive. The chicken meatballs were analyzed for microbiological (Psychrophilic total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Lactic acid bacteria and Yeast/Mold), chemical (pH and thiobarbituric acid values) and sensory (appearance, taste and general acceptability) parameters. In the study, the microbiological quality of chicken meatballs in samples coated with vacuum packaging with REO had better shelf life compared to control group. The REO 0.3% treatment group samples resulted in a shelf life extension for 9 days compared to the control group samples with a shelf life of 5 days. Thiobarbituric acid values were found to be lower in REO coated groups compared to control. This study was shown that, vacuum packaging materials coated with REO are effective against microbial growth and lipid oxidation and improves sensory qualities of chicken meatballs.

Çocukların gelişiminde önemli bir yeri olan oyun, ev de ailesiyle başlar ve dışarıda arkadaşlarıyla devam eder. Dış mekânda oyun oynamaya ihtiyaç duyan çocuklar için çocuk oyun alanları oluşturulmuştur. Bu alanda, ailesiyle, arkadaşlarıyla zaman geçirebilmekte ve fiziksel, zihinsel, sosyal gelişimini sağlayabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çocukların vazgeçilmezi olan oyunun ve oyun haklarının hangi yasalarla korunduğu, ilçedeki çocuk oyun alanlarının ne zaman hizmete açıldıkları ve bu alanlar oluşturulurken dikkat edilmesi gereken tasarım kriterlerinin neler olduğu hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hedeflenen bu amaç doğrultusunda, Kulu ilçesindeki çocuk oyun alanları incelenmiş, oyun alanlarının tasarımındaki hatalar ve eksiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Parkların; konum, yaş grupları, engelli erişimi, güvenliği, zemin döşeme malzemesi, donatı elemanları, bitkisel düzenleme çalışmalarına bakılmıştır. Parkların genel itibariyle uygun şekilde tasarlanmadığı, düzenli bakım - onarım çalışmalarının yapılmadığı, farklı yaştaki bireylerin kullanımını sağlamadığı görülmüştür. Bu hatalara ve eksikliklerin giderilebilmesi için araştırmamızın sonuç bölümünde birtakım öneriler getirilmiştir. Çocuk oyun alanlarının korunmasındaki en büyük görev yerel yönetimlere düşse de eğitimciler, aileler, doğayla ilgilenen meslek grupları ve çocuklarda bu alanların korunmasına destek olmalıdır.

Sun dried (T. fasciata) was stored with airtight polyethylene bags at room temperature to investigate the changes in physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics for 90 days. Sensory and physical (water reconstitution, pH) characteristics of dried T. fasciata showed that the product was acceptable up to 60 days of storage. Moisture content of T. fasciata was significantly increased from 15.06% to 17.80% during the storage period. No significant difference was observed in protein, lipid and ash content on dry matter basis during storage. However, amount of lipids of the dried fish was slightly decreased with the increasing of storage time. The pH value of dried T. fasciata was decreased significantly from 6.51 to 5.94 during the storage period. The peroxide value was increased from 13.84 to 27.87 meq/Kg of lipid. Similarly, acid value and conjugated diene of the lipids were increased significantly, and this result suggested that lipid oxidation occurred over this period of time. Microbial load was also increased from 1.13 to 8.37 log CFU/g with the increasing of storage time. Results of this study showed that the product was oxidized marginally during the storage period and suitable for human consumption up to 60 days.

Dünyada en çok bulunan ve uzun zamandan beri kullanılan birincil enerji kaynağı fosil yakıtlar olup, kullanım miktarına bağlı olarak yakın bir zamanda tükeneceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu tüketimin bir sonucu olarak küresel ısınma tehlikesi giderek büyümektedir. Bu çevresel tehdidin en büyük kaynağı olan fosil yakıt tüketimini azaltabilmek adına yenilenebilir enerji kaynak kullanımını artırmak, bu çevresel zararı azaltabilmek için büyük bir fırsat oluşturmaktadır. Bu enerji kaynakları içerisinde en büyük potansiyele sahip alternatif enerji kaynağı biyokütledir. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde özellikle Akdeniz Bölgesinde yoğun olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan muz bitkisi tarımsal artıklarının enerji kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilmesi olanakları araştırılmıştır. 2018 yılında 498.888 ton/yıl üretimi yapılan muz bitkisi için tarımsal faaliyetler sonucunda yaklaşık olarak 209.448 ton kuru biyokütle artığı açığa çıkmaktadır ve bu artıkların enerji olarak geri dönüştürüldüğünde ise 987 MW enerji potansiyeline sahip olacağı hesaplanmıştır. Bu potansiyele bağlı olarak muz artıklarının, Türkiye’deki katı biyoyakıt olarak enerjiye dönüştürülebilme olanakları ve ülke ekonomisine katkıda bulunabilirliği tartışılmıştır.