Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN is a medical and aromatic plant which grows naturally in various countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN plant, an Allium subspecies of the Alliaceae family. Plants which grow naturally in 7 different locations of 3 cities (Samsun, Nevşehir and Tokat) of Turkey were used in the study. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of wild leek plant, an Allium subspecies of the Alliaceae family, which grows in three different cities (Samsun, Nevşehir and Tokat). The material of the study consists of 42 wild leek samples from 7 different locations of Samsun, Tokat and Nevşehir. Some physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant features of both bulbs and leaves of samples were determined separately; allicin, an organosulfur compound, was specified qualitatively and thermal behaviours of the samples were monitored through TGA/DSC analysis. As a result of the analyses conducted, in the bulb and leaf parts of the samples, total phenolic matter values were 254.51-927.81 and 1929.05-19645.24 mg/kg, FRAP was 0.80-5.20 and 14.31-47.83 mM TE/g, DPPH free radical scavenger effect was 0.99-9.02 and 36.61-241.06 µmol TE/g and ascorbic acid content was 29.14-314.01 mg/kg and 200.64-1383.16 mg/kg, respectively. These data reveal that the leaf’s of A. scorodoprasum subsp. rotundum plants are rich in antioxidants. In conclusion, it was found that the antioxidant activity of the plants differs significantly in terms of the parts of the plant and growth location.

Bu çalışmada, tüketicilerin sosyal etki, çevresel duyarlılık ve çevresel bilincinin yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Antalya ilinde 384 kişiye yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri analizi, SPSS 22 ve AMOS 20 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler Cronbach Alpha Katsayısı yöntemi, Normallik testi, Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, sosyal etkinin, yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerinde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu, çevresel duyarlılık ve çevre bilincinin yeşil ürün satın alma davranışı üzerinde zayıf ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Kombucha is a beverage prepared from fermented traditionally-flavored black or green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). In this study, the changes in the physicochemical, bioactive components, microbial quality and sensory properties of black tea kombucha and different proportions of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) kombucha after fermentation were evaluated. While the pH values decreased during storage, the total acidity value increased. Purple basil had higher total phenolic content at all storage times than the other samples. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in purple basil was highly conserved compared to the other samples. Antioxidant values on the 30th day determined highest DPPH (radical scavenging activity) (64.19%) and CUPCAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) (41.48%) in the purple basil kombucha beverage. When the color values were examined, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the overall storage process in all samples. There was no significant change inconsistency, smell, taste and general acceptance with the storage process. As a result, 30-day storage period was found to be more successful and favorable for 100% purple basil kombucha tea.

Vermicompost production and applications are increasing in our country recently. There are also many commercial products on the market. Vermicompost may act both as soil conditions and organic fertilizer. In addition to the effect of this product on improving the physical properties of the soil; the effect of plant growth on different plants should be studied. In this study conducted for this purpose; commercially produced radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. “Cherry Belle” was planted in growing medium mixed with different doses of vermicompost (0 - 2.5 – 5 – 10 %). In order to determine NPK and NPK + Fe. Zn fertilizer needs of the plants, these elements contained fertilizers were applied. According to the pot experiment results, important increases in some element contents and fresh root weights of radish plant were determined with increasing vermicompost applications. The average fresh root weight changed between 47.89-77.70 g pot-1. The average N concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 3.09-4.69 % and 1.19-2.67 %, respectively. The K of in leaves and in roots changed between 1.27-1.46 % and 1.39-2.13 %, respectively, and the P concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 0.46-0.50 % and 0.36-0.45 %, respectively. Application of vermicompost had statistically significant effect on growth of radish.

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde balık refahı ve çalışma kolaylığı açısından sentetik veya bitkisel kökenli anestezikler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, sentetik kökenli anesteziklerin balık vücudunda birikim yapması nedeni ile hem balık hem de tüketici sağlığını tehdit edebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla son yıllarda bitkisel kökenli anesteziklere olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Karanfil yağı su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde yapılan çalışmalarda sıklıkla kullanılan bitkisel bir anestezik maddedir. Literatürde karanfil haricinde farklı bitkisel kökenli esansiyel yağların balıklar üzerindeki anestezik etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu yağlardan birisi de kişniş otu (Coriandrum sativum) yağıdır. Kişniş otu ana bileşen olarak %50-70 oranlarında anestezi özelliği gösteren linalol etken maddesini içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, bitkisel anestezik olarak kişniş otu yağının su ürünlerinde kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir.

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a pH indicator based on chitosan (C) and starch (S) including anthocyanins from eggplant to indicate food quality changes through the detection of changes in the pH of packaged food products. Anthocyanins were extracted with solvents including ethanol and water (7:3, V:V) (EgP-E) and water (EgP-W) in acidic pH. The pH indicator films were obtained incorporating anthocyanin as 1.5 g extract/100 g film solution. The optical, mechanical and water vapor permeability properties were used to characterize the pH indicator films. The total monomeric anthocyanin content and phenolic content of extract solutions were also determined. Color variations of pH indicator films were measured by a colorimeter after immersion in different pH buffers (pH 2.0–10.0). Initially, dried C films and S based films were observed in a violet color and a magenta color, respectively. C and S films with anthocyanins showed color variations from pink (in acidic pH) to bluish-green (in neutral pH) and to violet (in basic pH) in different pH values. The water vapor permeability of films with anthocyanins was higher than films without anthocyanins. Additionally, C and S based films including anthocyanins extracted with water showed better permeability values. C:EgP-W and S:EgP-W films presented higher elasticity values when compared with films including ethanolic extracts (p

Coffee is one of the most valuable cash crops in Rwanda. Coffee production in Rwanda stands high among three different export crops such as tea, pyrethrum, and was recently set as priority crop where more attention should be concentrated. This study estimates the impact of climate change and variation on coffee yield in Huye district, southern province of Rwanda. In this research both secondary and primary data were used and primary data were gathered from a random sample of 110 households in HUYE District. Coffee farmers were interviewed in August-September 2016 using structured questionnaires that were administered to household’s heads via person-interviews. Climate data (temperature and precipitation) were collected from the Rwanda Meteorological Station located in RUBONA Station. The results from climate change model has revealed that approximately 74% of change in the coffee production during the last 17 years was explained by climate factors jointly. The results indicate that coffee farms near Huye Mountain are highly vulnerable to precipitation variation like erosion during heavy rain in March through May and drought from June through August.

İklim değişikliği küresel ısınma ile birlikte sera gazlarının artışını ve iklimde meydana gelen her tür değişikliği ifade eder. Son 50 yılda sera gazlarından CO2 konsantrasyonunun %30’un üzerinde arttığı, gelecek yüzyılda ise bu artışın daha hızlı olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. İklim değişikliği yıl içerisinde ve yıllar arasında önemli sıcaklık ve yağış farklılıklarına neden olabilmektedir. İklim değişikliğine paralel olarak flora da değişmektedir. İklim değişikliği nedeniyle bazı alanlarda tür sayısının azaldığı saptanmış ve özellikle serin iklim türlerinin yüksek sıcaklıklara adapte olamamasından dolayı daha da azalacakları öngörülmektedir. İklim değişikliği meralarda verimi önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Batı yarım kürede verim artışı Doğu yarım küreden daha yüksek olurken, Kuzey Amerika, Orta Asya, Orta Afrika ve Okyanusya’daki meraların iklim değişikliğine karşı hassasiyeti ortaya çıkmıştır. Yaz sıcaklıklarının yüksek olduğu alanlarda küresel ısınma hayvanlarda yem tüketim etkinliğini, canlı ağırlık artışını, süt verimini ve üremeyi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Serin bölgelerde ise küresel ısınmanın etkisi daha az hissedilmektedir. İklim değişikliklerinin çayır meralar üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve tahminlerde bulunmak için yoğun çaba harcanmaktadır. Gelecekle ilgili yüksek güvenirlikli tahminler yapabilmek için detaylı modelleme çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır. Yapılan tahminlere göre özellikle ülkemizde küresel ısınmanın etkili olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bundan dolayı çayır-mera yem bitkilerinde kurağa dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi, farklı ekolojik bölgelerimize adapte olabilecek C4 yem bitkisi türlerinin belirlenmesi ve bu türlerin yetiştirme tekniği ve ıslah çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.

Seed viability and vigor have been influenced by several factors including soil and climatic conditions, plant nutrition, fertilization, irrigation, plant population and post-harvest storages. The study was conducted to determine the appropriate plant density for vigorous seed production in safflower. The effects of row spacing (14 and 28 cm) and seeding rate (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 seeds m-2) on yield, yield components and seed quality of safflower were detected in the study. The results showed that increased seeding rates resulted in enhanced seed yield and the highest seed yield was obtained from 14 cm and 200 seed m-2 with 3320 kg ha-1. The row spacing and seeding rate did not cause a significant difference in oil and protein contents. Laboratory emergence, germination after accelerated ageing (AA) and electrical conductivity tests were suitable for determining seed quality among the seed lots, while standard germination, cool and cold tests were not appropriate. The highest laboratory emergence percentage and germination after AA were determined in 80 seed m-2 but field emergence percentage in 120 seed m-2. It was concluded that the 14 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 120 seed m-2 should be advised for high yielding seed production regardless of seed vigor in safflower.

Adana province is very suitable for honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding in terms of climate, geographic structure and rich flora. This study was carried out to investigate of beekeeping structure in Adana. The research was carried out as a questionnaire with technical questions related to technical beekeeping by visiting 169 beekeepers in Adana. In this study, a questionnaire consisting of multiple choice and open-ended questions were used as a data collection method. This survey were obtained data on beekeepers personal information, educational status, reasons for starting beekeeping, how many years they have been beekeeping, recognition of bee diseases and pests, and reared bee species. It is an effort to depict the technical and economic characteristics of province beekeeping practices in order to discover the overall structure of beekeeping in the province. According to the results of the survey, 99.4% of beekeepers’ gender were male, average age 47.77, 58.5% of beekeepers’ education level were primary school, beekeeping experience averaged 19.22 years and colony numbers were 293.21 per beekeeper. Furthermore, the problems of beekeepers were tried to determine.