Havza yönetimi, bir havzanın sınırları ile çevrili alan içerisinde kalan toprak, bitki, su ve bunları doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkileyen iklim, çevre, insan ve hayvan aktivitelerinin topyekûn değerlendirildiği sistemdir. 1990’lı yılların başlarından itibaren de doğal kaynakların korunmasına yönelik yapılan yönetim çalışmalara ilaveten geçim kaynaklarını iyileştirecek ve gelir düzeyini artıracak önlemleri de kapsayan yeni bir havza yönetim programı ortaya çıkmıştır. Totaliter havza yönetimi olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu yeni havza yönetim sistemi entegre ve katılımcı havza yönetimi yaklaşımını esas almaktadır. Bütüncül bir anlayışla toplumun refah düzeyini artırmayı ve gelecek nesillere zengin bir doğal kaynak sunmayı hedefleyen totaliter havza yönetimi, yer altı ve yerüstü doğal kaynakların mutlak korunumunun yanı sıra bu kaynaklardan yeterli düzeyde yararlanmayı, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel hayatı iyileştirerek yoksulluğun azaltılmasını, uygulamalı araştırma ile rekabet gücünü artırmayı, çevre dostu anlayışı teşvik etmeyi, havza yönetimi faaliyetlerinin takip edilerek sürdürülebilir olmasını, iklim değişikliklerinden kaynaklanan olumsuz etkileri engellemeyi, su döngüsünün kayıpsız olarak devam etmesini ve havzalarda ki tahribatın önüne geçilmesini amaçlar. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü havzasındaki doğal kaynaklar ile bu kaynakların kullanımları arasındaki düzenli ve düzensiz ilişkiler alt havza bünyesinde değerlendirilerek alternatifler üzerinde durulmuş olup özellikle su kaynaklarının kullanımında ki yanlış uygulamalar nedeniyle oluşabilecek olumsuz sonuçların giderilmesi için Van Gölü havzasına uygulanabilecek havza yönetim sistemi açıklanmıştır. Havzada aşırı sulamayı dengeleyecek etkin sulama sistemleri ile kuraklığa ve soğuğa dayanıklı sulamaya daha az gereksinim duyan alternatif bitki desenleri önerilmiştir.

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

In this study, the microbial profiles of external top surfaces of beverage cans sold in Izmir markets, and the survival of E. coli on the top surfaces of cans were investigated through the storage period of 0, 10, 20 and 30 days at 4 and 25°C. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliforms and E.coli counts of 100 cans without protective cover and 20 cans with protective cover were examined. The numbers of TAMB on the cans without protective cover were in the range of 0.43-2.20×103 cfu/cm2. Lower bacteria counts in the range of

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses and combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Putrescine elicitor on some plant characteristics of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted for two years between 2017-2019 in the greenhouse of Uşak University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences. Bulbs with ~7 cm circumference and ~9 g weight were used as a material of this study, and was constructed with randomized blocks design with 3 replications. The bulbs were treated for 24 hours before planting with 5, 10 and 15 mg/l BAP; 5, 10 and 15 mg/l Putrescine elicitor in different combinations (16 different combinations). Thereafter, all bulbs were planted in crates. In the first year, only plant height, number of leaves per bulb were recorded and at the end of the second year, the plant height, number of leaves per bulb, number of leaves per daughter bulb, number of bulbs, leaf weight, root length and weight, bulb weight, unit bulb weight, alkaloid contents were measured after removal of bulbs from the soil. According to the results, plant height ranged 19,3-30,0 cm; the number of leaves ranged 6.5 to 12.6, and the number of bulbs ranged 0.9 to 4.6. Root weight was determined between 13.4-47.1 g/parcel, fresh leaf weight ranged 12.4-49.2 g/parcel, and one bulb weight was between 3.5-14.6 g. It was determined that the bulb plant was influenced by different treatments. The maximum growth was noted with 5 mg/l Putrescine elicitor treatment that increased plant height, number of leaves per bulb each year and number of bulbs.

A single specimen of the wide-eyed flounder (Bothus podas Delaroche, 1809) was caught using the trammel nets by fishermen on 15 May 2017 in İbrice Bight (Saroz Bay). This paper represents the first record of B. podas for Saroz Bay.

The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic spermatological parameters of the Karayaka rams grown in public hands. Out off-season sperm couldn’t be taken from the rams. During the season, semen was collected from all 2-4 age of Karayaka rams (n = 10). Weight (kg) and circumference of the scrotum (cm) were also recorded. When the collected spermatozoa were examined, it was found that the weight variable correlated only with the pH variable. The correlation coefficient calculated between weight and pH was -0,802 and it was found to be statistically significant. The correlation coefficient, which calculated as 0.680, between the circumference of the scrotum (cm) and mortality (% Dead-Live) shows that one feature increases while the other increases significantly. Viscosity (1-5) was correlated only with mass activity (Mass Activity 0-4), and the degree of this relationship was calculated as -0.655. Variables were not associated with sperm volume (ml), motility (%) and density (109).

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to harvest and length of the harvesting period in two early-maturing Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins and two early-maturing Navelina and Newhall oranges under Güzelyurt-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) ecological conditions. Fruit weight, fruit length, rind thickness, fruit juice, brix, acid and brix/acid ratio were determined. Fruit were harvested at three different times. Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins were harvested in September, October and November; Navelina and Newhall oranges were harvested in October, November and December. Harvest date x variety interaction effect was significantly important on fruit weight, fruit height and maturity index in mandarins whereas interaction effect of harvest date and variety was significantly important on fruit weight, citric acid concentration and maturity index in orange varieties. Maturity indexes were found 4.22, 7.26 and 10.34 on September, October and December, respectively in mandarins whereas maturity indexes were determined as 6.47, 9.47 and 13.42 in oranges. Additionally, fruit size were positively affected by the increasing harvest date in mandarin and orange varieties. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, the optimum harvest date for mandarin varieties and Newhall navel as october and it was determined that the optimum harvest date Navelina navel was November under Güzelyurt ecological conditions

In this study, plant growth, yield and sprout quality were investigated by planting at three different periods in three different Brussels sprout varieties in Çukurova Region. In this research, the effects of four different sowing and planting times on plant height (cm), main shoot diameter (mm), leaf number (number/plant), yield (g/m2), sprout weight (g), sprout diameter (mm), sprout height (mm), vitamin C (mg/100 g), antioxidant capacity [μmol trolox equivalents (TE)/g] and total phenolic content [mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g] were investigated in Franklin Fı, Maximus Fı and Divino Fı Brussels sprout varieties. According to the research results; Maximus Fı variety was found to be longer, thicker and more leafy than the other varieties in terms of plant height, main shoot diameter and number of leaves. Based on yield, Maximus Fı variety was recorded to be more efficient (584.88 g/m2) than the other varieties (367.97 g/m2 and 259.82 g/m2 in Franklin Fı and Divino Fı, respectively). Maximus Fı was superior than the other Brussels sprout varieties, Franklin Fı and Divino Fı in terms of sprout weight, sprout diameter and sprout height. When the planting times were evaluated, it was recorded that the 1st period was more suitable in terms of both yield and sprout characteristics compared to the other periods. In the vitamin C content, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, Franklin Fı was showed higher rates than the other varieties and more nutrient content was detected in the late plantings.

Bu çalışmada, köpük kurutma yöntemi kullanılarak incirin sıcak hava (60, 70, 80°C) ve mikrodalga (100, 300, 600 W) ile kurutma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş, kurutma işlem parametrelerinin ve köpük kalınlığının kurutma kinetiğine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kurutma işlemi yalnızca düşen kurutma periyodunda gerçeklemiş ve sabit kurutma periyodu gözlenmemiştir. Mikrodalga ile kurutma, köpük yüzeylerindeki büyük buharlaşma alanına ek olarak hacimsel ısıtma sağlaması nedeniyle sıcak hava ile kurutmaya kıyasla daha kısa sürede tamamlanmıştır. Sıcaklığın ve mikrodalga gücünün artması kuruma sürelerini kısaltırken, köpük kalınlığının artması ile kuruma süreleri uzamıştır. Kinetik parametreleri belirlemek için, deneysel kurutma verileri Fick’in 2. difüzyon denkleminin yarı deneysel modellerine yerleştirilmiştir. Bunlar arasında, Wang ve Singh modeli mikrodalga kurutma için daha iyi bir uyum sağlarken, Logaritmik model sıcak hava ile kurutma için daha uygun bulunmuştur. Mikrodalga ve sıcak hava kurutma için etkili difüzyon katsayısı değerleri sırasıyla 9,94×10-10-405,69×10-10 ve 13,26×10-10-26,65×10-10 m2·s-1 aralığında değişim göstermiştir. Kurutma sıcaklığı, mikrodalga gücü ve köpük kalınlığının artmasıyla etkili difüzyon katsayısı değerleri artmıştır. Kalınlığın artması yapıdaki boşlukların artmasını ve ısı iletiminin konveksiyonla gerçekleşmesini sağlayarak etkili difüzyon yayılımının desteklenmesini sağlamıştır. Aktivasyon enerjisi Arrhenius denklemi kullanılarak mikrodalga kurutma için 2,195-2,379 W·g-1 aralığında, sıcak hava ile kurutma için ise 12,952-21,426 kJ·mol-1 aralığında bulunmuştur.

Genetically modified (GM) crops are being planted at large scale worldwide. In most of the countries, GM crops are processed into livestock feed. The land is used for cultivation of GM plants has been increased in recent years; in 2012 GM plants were grown on over 170 million hectares in 28 countries by 17.3 million farmers and extended to 185.1 million hectors in 2016 worldwide. GM plants have been used as feed for animals and the number of studies has proved their safety for animal and public health. This paper reviews the possible effects of GM crops on livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals by reviewing different type of studies, in which parameters such as performance, reproductive and health assessment were investigated. The most of peer-reviewed papers evaluating the effects of feeding animals with transgenic crops were based on GM plants with improved agronomic traits i.e. herbicide-tolerant plants and pets-tolerant plants; however, in some cases GM plants with boosted nutritional properties assessed. In most experiments, either Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, Roundup Ready (RR) soybean or both fed to animals. Measurable differences in various parameters were mostly observed in Bt maize and soybean fed separately or simultaneously to animals. In this review, scientific studies showing the effects of the use of GM products in the nutrition of domestic animals on performance, health and reproductive parameters are investigated.