In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors that are effective in the adaption of high system viticulture by Erbaa narince vineyard leaf producers.Comparative analysis of the two groups using primary data collected from a total of 112 farmers, of which 44 were engaged in high-system viticulture and 68 were engaged in viticulture according to goble training system in 8 villages where it was appropriate to interview 25% of the total 33 villages in Erbaa. it is made. Demographic characteristics of producers such as number of households, education level, age and gender were examined. Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether social, economic and adoption factors differ in terms of groups. The factors that were effective in the adoption of high system viticulture were determined as the age of the producer, agricultural income, total vineyard area and viticulture experience. High system viticulture, which has been tried to be expanded in Erbaa since 1998, has not been found to be at the desired level. It is important to develop attractive credit facilities for directing in viticulture according to goble training system producers to high system viticulture, facilitate application processes in material and certified seedling support, and announcing supports to producers, increase the training-extension activities related to high system viticulture.

With this study, for guiding the policies on the protection of native animal genetic resources, the opinions of the sheep breeders about the national sheep and goat breeding program under farmer condition were evaluated within the scope of the purposes and needs of the breeders in Niğde province. The primary data was collected from 108 farms in Nigde Province Center and Bor districts, including 54 farms determined by the stratified sampling method from participated farms in the sheep breeding program and including 54 farms determined by the total population sampling method from not-participated farms in the sheep breeding program. As a result of the study, breeders stated that the main reasons for participating in the project were the ensuring both productivity increase by reducing the number of lamb deaths, and income increase by receiving the support from the project. Breeders stated that the project meets their expectations in a positive way. Approximately two-thirds of the farms not involved in the project were interested in the project, but the farms in this group were not able to participate in the project because they could not meet the project requirements mainly because they made animal production in small family farms by traditional methods. In addition, the study indicated that agricultural support programs to encourage participation in the breeding program were important for breeders. In this context, the support model for reducing costs was selected by breeders as the best criterion in a policy to be implemented for the protection of native animal genetic resources. It is recommended to expand the use of breeding material obtained from the project throughout the country. Besides it is recommended to expand programs in matters related to regular record keeping and animal care, feeding, herd management and health for small family farms.

This study was performed to determine the effect of hatching system (house and hatcher) and egg weight (heavy and light) on pip-hatch time, hatchability and some gosling quality traits. A total of 389 eggs (fertile of candling) from 2-year-old Turkish Native Goose were used in the study. Before the incubation process, all eggs were individually numbered and weighed. Eggs were divided into heavy (≥160 g) and light (

Urban roads play a significant role for analyzing the complex structure of the city. The climatic features of the city provide information about the comfort of the inhabitants. The climate changes may be observed on a micro-scale due to the increase of impermeable surfaces. Surfaces such as concrete and asphalt contribute to the formation of an urban heat island as they store the temperature. This study aims to determine the effects of plant material, which is a significant element of urban roads, on temperature arising from surface materials. In this context, the effect of Ficus retusa-nitida on the formation of temperature caused by the surface material has been revealed. The study was carried out in Iskenderun, the second largest district of Hatay province in terms of population, in 3 stages in a periold of 6-months between July and December 2020. In the first stage, the studies on the subject were brought together and the points to be measured in the area were determined. At this stage, asphalt (shade-under F.retusa-nitida, sun) and parquet (shade-under F.retusa-nitida, sun) surfaces were selected at a total of 8 points located mutually on the main road axis. The second stage of the study is the stage where surface temperature measurements are made. Measurements were performed once a month at 06:00, 09:00; 12:00, 15:00; 18:00; 21:00 and 24:00 using an infrared thermometer at a height of 150 cm from the surface with 3 repetitions. At the third stage, all data were transferred to GIS using ArcGIS 10.5 software and modelled by using the Kriging Interpolation Method. In line with the results obtained, suggestions for the selection of surface material and the use of plant materials on urban roads have been developed.

The rapid increase in the world population increases the need for plant and animal food. Agriculture and animal husbandry practices are becoming more common day by day to meet the need for food and to obtain more products. This situation increases the amount of waste per unit of animal products. Increased animal excrement is associated with greenhouse gas emissions, harms the environment and animal health. One of these greenhouse gases, methane, increases animal production and poses a significant threat to global warming. Feeding research, which optimizes rumens and animal productivity to reduce ruminant methane emissions, is one of the hottest topics today. The purpose of this study is to evaluate feed distribution in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy, and organic matter digestibility by collecting forage and concentrates from various ranches in Niğde. Therefore, to increase the productivity of livestock on small farms in Turkey, the ratio of feed ingredients was determined on a farm basis, and there were some comments on the lower and upper limits of the fattening rate. Gas and methane production of TMR samples was determined using in vitro gas production technology. Nutrient contents obtained from different livestock farms CP (9.58-14.72), CF (1.89- 2.30), CA (7.64-13.92), ADF (19.77-27.82) NDF (36.71-45.69) DM (90.48-91.79) content, methane (CH₄), OMS, NEL and ME values were also different (P

Arabidopsis thaliana has eight genes encoding members of the type P1B heavy metal–transporting ATPase, subfamily of the P-type ATPases. We focused our study on four ATPases, mainly HMA1, HMA2, HMA3, and HMA4, which are closely related and most similar in their sequences. We carried out the bioinformatics analysis of these metal ATPases and obtained their structure in A. thaliana, A. halleri, and the other heavy metal accumulators in Brassica spp. A. thaliana is a model plant for research because of the duplications and other evolutionary events. These evolutionary events provided a chance to elucidate their regulation and function in the cell. All previous bioinformatics analyses have given some information about their structure, but not much work has been done on their structural components and interactome analysis. Experimental determination of 3D structures is essential to understand better these proteins’ function, which is crucial for the proper functioning of all plant cellular processes. Especially, docking sites and domains need to be worked out to understand the role of these transporter proteins and their interaction in plant cells. These bioinformatic analyses will help the researcher understand these ATPases’ role in detoxifying the toxic metals from the cells of accumulator plants. Further research on gene cloning, gene expression, and generating new accumulator plants for phytoremediation is needed to reclamation polluted soils from toxic heavy metals.

Broiler production supplements income of smallholder farm households. Profitability and productivity and analysis are important considerations in measuring efficiency or performance of a farm business; hence, improved output and income are not only a function of increase in the scale of production, but also how efficiently the resources are being utilized. This study therefore estimates the profitability and level of productivity among broiler farmers in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select respondents for this study. Primary data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting model and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) analysis. The study revealed that the net farm income of broiler production was ₦96,900/flock size; suggesting a relatively profitable venture with prospects for improved economic potentials. The estimated percentage profit margin was 45.6%; indicative of the percentage net margin accruable to the farmer from the estimated gross margin and benefit-cost ratio was 0.84. Furthermore, most (54.3%) of broiler farmers were sub-optimally productive as their TFP indices were below the optimal scale; attributable to sub-efficient input mix and cost of production inputs. In addition, constraints of broiler production in the study area included the following; high cost of feeds (92.9); high cost of chicks (85.7%); financial constraints (80%); high cost of poultry equipment (55.7%); high cost of medication (35.7); disease outbreak (28.6%) and inefficient market system (21.4%). Improving access to and subsidy of poultry feeds, chicks, production inputs and credit, extension, medical services and cooperative formation for market linkages are strongly recommended.

This study evaluates the chemical properties of mistletoe leaves powder from moringa trees (MLPM) and mistletoe leaves powder from kola nut trees (MLPK). The MLPM and MLPK were subjected to phytochemical analysis, vitamin A determination, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) analysis, proximate and mineral composition analysis, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Total phenol, steroids, and tannins concentrations were higher in MLPK than in MLPM; steroids was higher in MLPK than in MLPM; whereas total flavonoids and saponins concentrations, were equivalents. MLPK had greater vitamin A concentrations and DPPH than MLPM. The lipid peroxidation inhibition of MLPM and MLPK did not differ significantly. MLPM had higher moisture, crude fibre, and ash content than MLPK. Furthermore, MLPK had larger fat, crude protein, and nitrogen-free extract contents than MLPM. The MLPM and MLPK have similar Zn (0.9 vs. 1.3 mg/kg), Ca (20.1 vs. 13.1 mg/kg), Mg (66.1 vs. 70.2 mg/kg), and P (185.8 vs. 183.5 mg/kg) contents. The alpha-amylase inhibitory action of MLPM (40.40%) and MLPK (35.07%) were similar. MLPK (44.37%), on the other hand, has a stronger alpha-glucose inhibitory action than MLPM (32.47%). Finally, phenol, steroids, tannins, and steroids varied between MLPM and MLPK, with phenol, steroids, and tannins being greater in MLPK. The MLPM had higher vitamin A concentrations and antioxidant activity than MLPK. The MLPM and MLPK inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity.

In Turkey, three species of mulberries, white (M. Alba), black (M. Nigra), and red-purple (M. Rubra) are grown commonly. These widely can be consumed fresh as well as dry. However, its rapid post-harvest decay raises major concerns about the sustainability of the fruit for both food and economic purposes. In this regard, besides the fresh consumption of black mulberry fruit, it can consume as dried it also offers an alternative way. In this study, it was aimed to compare some quality parameters in fresh and dry samples of Morus rubra fruits grown in Tokat. It was applied different temperatures to Morus rubra fruits that at collected in two different maturity levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe). In the drying process, mulberry fruits were dried in a hot air dryer at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Total phenol, Total phenol, total monomeric anthocyanin, total antioxidant capacity, colour values (L, a, b) chroma, hue (ho), and browning indices values will be measured in fresh and dried products. In addition, different mathematical models will be tried by constantly noting the weight drops of the products at certain time intervals and determining which mathematical model will best predict the drying kinetics

In this study, genetic relationship of ISSR markers of seven endemic Inula species distributed in Turkey was carried out. Plant samples were collected from different regions of Turkey in 2013 and gDNA was obtained by DNA isolation from green leaves. Genetic relationship between species was determined using 12 ISSR primers. PCR products were run on agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under UV light. All gel images were examined and the presence and absence of polymorphic bands were scored as 0 and 1. A total of 85 bands were obtained from the primers. Of these, 74 polymorphic and 11 monomorphic bands were obtained. The total polymorphism rate was found to be approximately 87.05%. The phylogenetic tree and genetic distances between species were calculated using the PAUP 0 4.0b10 analysis program. According to the distance matrix, the genetic distance was found between the closest Inula helenium subsp. orgyalis and Inula helenium subsp. vanensis (0.29851), while the farthest between Inula sarana and Inula macrocephala (0.56000) species. The phylogenetic tree was obtained using the UPGMA algorithm, and the tree consisted of two groups. The results were compared with the morphological, palynological nrDNA and cpDNA results of the past. Our findings supported previous studies.