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Effectiveness of Boron Formulations against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Tomato Seeds Texte intégral
2021
Ayşegül Gür | Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas | Şaban Kordali | Ferah Yılmaz
Effectiveness of Boron Formulations against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in Tomato Seeds Texte intégral
2021
Ayşegül Gür | Kubilay Kurtulus Bastas | Şaban Kordali | Ferah Yılmaz
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the bacterial agent for tomato speck disease, can cause serious epidemics with high leaf moisture, mild temperatures, and cultural practices allowing bacterial dissemination among host plants. Boron is an essential micro-nutrient for plant growth and health in agricultural production. In this study, the effectiveness of 14 different Boron compounds at 5 different doses (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) against P. s. pv. tomato at a concentration of 108 CFU ml-1 in vitro was evaluated and the most successful 4 different Boron compounds (Ammonium tetrafluoroborate, Sodium tetrafluoroborate, Zinc borate and Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate) were coated with 5 mM doses infected cv. H2274 tomato seeds to determine bacterial populations and seed emergence rates in the seeds. Among the 14 different Boron compounds used in the experiments, Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was the most successful active ingredient 92% ratio in inhibiting P. s. pv. tomato populations in tomato seeds, while 39% success was achieved with sodium tetrafluoroborate applications. According to the results of the research, it is thought that some Boron compounds can be an economical, effective and environmentally friendly chemical in reducing P. s. pv. tomato in tomato seeds within the scope of good agricultural practices.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Introgresión de la resistencia al deterioro fisiológico poscosecha en yuca Texte intégral
2010
Rosero Alpala, Elvia Amparo(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias) | Cuambe, Constantino(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias) | Egesi, Chiedozie(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT) | Sánchez, Teresa(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT) | Morante, Nelson(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT) | Ceballos, Hernán(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT) | Fregene, Martín(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT) | Morales Osorio, Juan Gonzalo(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas.)
Se evaluó una población de medios hermanos (B1PD280) proveniente del cruzamiento del parental resistente al deterioro fisiológico poscosecha (DFP) CW429-1 (Manihot esculenta x M. walkerae), y ocho genotipos élite utilizados como padres recurrentes susceptibles. Se evaluaron cinco raíces por genotipo, 7 y 14 días después de la cosecha (d.d.c.) mediante una escala (0 - 100%). Los resultados mostraron reducción significativa de DFP (entre 10% y 46% en relación con los parentales recurrentes). Cincuenta y un genotipos tuvieron alto y medio nivel de resistencia (0 - 35%), 22% y 20% de ellos correspondieron a individuos sin síntomas 7 o 14 d.d.c., respectivamente. Se estableció una posible correlación entre DFP (14 d.d.c.) y escopoletina (0.523, P < 0.001) y materia seca (0.288, P < 0.001). | The accelerated Physiological Postharvest Deterioration (PPD) process limits the potential of cassava crop, diminishing its palatability and commercial value within 24-72 hours after harvest. A source of genes for drastic delay of PPD was identified in an inter-specific hybrid (CW429-1) between Manihot esculenta (cultivated cassava) and Manihot walkerae. The aim in this study was to evaluate the introgression of the resistance to PPD from the donor parent CW429-1 in cassava. A half-sib (BIPD280) population from resistant parental CW429-1 and 8 elite CIAT genotypes, used as susceptible recurrent parents, was developed and evaluated. The method proposed by Wheatley et al. (1985), with some modifications was used to quantify PPD. Five roots per genotype were evaluated 7 and 14 days after harvest (DAH), following a scale (0 - 100%), other relevant traits were evaluated. Results showed significant reduction of PPD (between 10-46% of PPD in relation to the recurrent parents). About 51% of genotypes were found to have high to medium level of resistance (0-35% PPD) of which 22 and 20% genotypes correspond to individuals without PPD after 7 and 14 DAH, respectively. A positive correlation was found between PPD (14 DAH) and scopoletin (0.523, p<0.001), and with dry matter (0.288, p<0.001). These preliminary results indicated that the scheme for introgressing PPD resistance was successful, that confirm the potential of the wild cassava in the scheme of cassava breeding.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Artan Dozlarda Magnezyum Sülfat Uygulamalarının Tütün Bitkisinin Yaprak Verimi ve Kalitesine Etkisi Texte intégral
2021
Ahmet Kınay | Halil Erdem
Bu çalışma, Tokat/Erbaa ve Tokat/Kazova lokasyonlarında tarla koşullarında 2017 yılında topraktan artan dozlarda (0, 3, 6 ve 9 kg da-1) MgSO4 uygulamalarının Xanthi 81 tütün çeşidinin yaprak verimi, kalitesi ile yaprağın bazı kimyasal (Mg, S, N, K, P, nikotin, şeker, klorogenik ve rutin konsantrasyonu) içeriklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş olup, hasat olgunluğuna gelen yapraklar üç elde hasat edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulaması ile Erbaa ve Kazova lokasyonlarında yetiştirilen tütün çeşidinin yaprak veriminde artışlar meydana gelmiştir. Yaprak veriminde ortaya çıkan artış en fazla MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda görülmüş ve bu artış Erbaa lokasyonunda %22, Kazova lokasyonunda ise %6,4 düzeyinde olmuştur. Artan MgSO4 uygulamaları ile yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında istatiksel olarak önemli artışlara neden olduğu, en fazla artışın yaprak veriminde olduğu gibi MgSO4’ın 6 kg da-1 dozunda olduğu görülmüştür. Tütün için çok önemli bir alkaloid bileşeni olan nikotin konsantrasyonu MgSO4 uygulaması ile her iki lokasyonda da azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, artan dozlarda MgSO4 uygulamalarının tütün yaprağının veriminde artışa neden olduğu, yaprak Mg ve S konsantrasyonlarında artışa, nikotin konsantrasyonlarında ise azalmaya neden olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Çevre Duyarlılığının Çevreci Satın Alma Davranışına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi Texte intégral
2021
Yeşim Aytop | Semiha Çetinkaya | Cihangir Tulan
Çevre duyarlılığı; bireylerin çevreye olan sorumluluklarının bilincinde olması ve bu sorumlulukları yerine getirme yeteneğidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş ilinde yaşayan tüketicilerin çevre duyarlılığının ve çevre duyarlılığının çevreci satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın ana materyalini 2020 yılı ocak ve şubat aylarında Kahramanmaraş ili kent merkezinde yaşayan 384 tüketici ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik ve ki-kare testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tüketicilerin %89,1’inin çevreye karşı duyarlı olduğunu kabul ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Ki-kare testi sonucunda kadınların, eğitim seviyesi daha yüksek olanların, çekirdek ailelerin çevreye karşı duyarlılığı istatistiksel olarak daha yüksektir. Daha az kirlenmeye neden olan ürünleri satın alan tüketicilerin %93,4’ünün, çevre dostu ürünlere diğer ürünlere ödenenden daha fazla para ödemeye razı olan tüketicilerin ise %95,7’sinin çevreye duyarlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Konu ile ilgili paydaşlara bir kaynak niteliği taşıyacak bu çalışma ile tüketicilerin çevre duyarlılığının artırılması, tüketicilerin çevreci ürünlere olan farkındalıklarının artırılması ve çevrenin korunmasına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Systematic Determination of The Ultrastructure of Local Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopes Texte intégral
2021
Nihat Yılmaz | Handan Şapcı Selamoğlu | Zeynep Arı | Hatice Bekci
The present study was conducted to determine the seed morphologies and macromorphological characteristics of fifteen local faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes collected from different region of Northern Cyprus. The characteristics in the seeds were evaluated using a light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM pictures were taken of the whole seed and its details. The scope of the research was examined comparatively using LM and SEM, and the seed shapes, surface ornamentation, and quantitative measurements were determined. Different characteristics for seed size and surface were found among the local faba beans accessions. Seed dimensions were between 12.44 and 24.26 mm long and between 9.49 and 17.45 mm wide, colors ranged from yellowish-brown to dark brown, and ornamentation of the seed coat varied. The local faba bean seeds were of subprolate and prolate types. We believe that using this technique to determine the differences among the seeds of different genotypes may play a role in helping to create different programs that can choose specific genotypes to improve cultivars based on the seed characteristics.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Aromatik Tıbbi Bitki olan Mentha x piperita L. ve Mentha pulegium L.’nin in vitro Kallus İndüksiyonu ve Mikroçoğaltım yoluyla Geliştirilmesi Texte intégral
2021
Emine Ayaz | Abdulrezzak Memon
Bu çalışmada, in vitro çoğaltma yöntemiyle nanelerin seri üretimi amaçlanmaktadır. İki farklı nane (Mentha x piperita L., Mentha pulegium L.) türünden eksplant örnekleri alınıp gerekli sterilizasyon işlemi yapıldıktan sonra 100 µL/L NAA (Naphthylacetic Asit) ve 600µL/L IBA ( Indol Butyric Asit) seviyelerindeki hormonlarla MS (Murashige & Skoog) ortamına alınmıştır ve 60 günde iki hafta arayla alt kültür yapılarak aktarma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eksplantlardan aynı MS ortamında kök, gövde ve yaprak oluştuktan sonra naneler bitki büyütme odasında toprak ortamına alıştırılmıştır. Nanelerin kallus indüksiyonu 100 µL/L NAA ve 250µL/L BAP (Benzylaminopurine) hormon seviyeleri kullanılarak MS ortamına alınmıştır. Kallus kültürü için ortama alınan eksplantlardan sadece birinde (Mentha pulegium) kallus hücrelerinin indüklendiği görülmüştür. Mikroçoğaltım yöntemiyle geliştirilen her iki Mentha ssp’de (Mentha pulegium, Mentha x piperita) türünde de doğal yolla çoğaltma yöntemine göre ayda 6 kat daha fazla büyüdüğü görülmüştür. Elde edilen verilere göre mikroçoğaltım yöntemiyle geliştirilen Mentha x piperita ve Mentha pulegium türlerinin üretim potansiyelinin oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effect of Tillage Techniques on Depth, Furrow Slice and Water Retention in Maugo Smallholder Rice Scheme in Kenya Texte intégral
2021
Pius Kipchumba Cheboi | Clement Kiprotich Kiptum | Japheth O. Onyando
Effect of Tillage Techniques on Depth, Furrow Slice and Water Retention in Maugo Smallholder Rice Scheme in Kenya Texte intégral
2021
Pius Kipchumba Cheboi | Clement Kiprotich Kiptum | Japheth O. Onyando
This study was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of tillage techniques on depth, furrow slice and water retention in Maugo Smallholder Rice Scheme in Kenya. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Four tillage treatments were used. The first one was conventional ox plough practiced by farmers where they first flood the field with water before ploughing. The other three treatments were ox plough, hand hoe and tractor ploughing all with no flooding before ploughing. Data collected included depth of ploughing and harrowing during land preparation. Furrow slices during ploughing and harrowing as well as water retention were recorded. Tractor ploughing had the highest mean depth of ploughing of 42.00 ± 0.81 cm followed by conventional ox ploughing with 17.75 ± 0.75 cm, ox ploughing15.75 ± 0.62 cm and hand hoe ploughing had the lowest mean depth 15.50 ± 0.28 cm. Tractor ploughing had the largest mean furrow size of 62.00 ± 0.91cm followed by conventional ox ploughing 32.25 ± 0.85 cm, ox ploughing 30.25 ± 0.85 cm while hand hoe ploughing had the smallest mean furrow slice of 16.5 ± 0.50 cm. Highest mean of retained water was recorded in week 4 in paddy rice fields prepared using conventional ox ploughing (10.5 cm), ox ploughing (10 cm), hand hoe ploughing (11.5 cm) and tractor ploughing (11.5 cm) while the lowest was recorded in week 15 for conventional plots. There were significant differences in mean depths during both ploughing and harrowing. Tractor ploughing mean depths were significantly different from the other treatments. The weekly mean water depths retained in the plots were more than 6 cm for the entire growing period of rice.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Świadomość młodzieży akademickiej na temat rolnictwa Texte intégral
Monika Szafrańska
Celem pracy jest ocena poziomu świadomości rolniczej młodzieży akademickiej z woj. małopolskiego oraz określenie wybranych czynników determinujących ten poziom. Ich znajomość może stanowić podstawę działań różnych podmiotów, które przyczynią się do wzrostu świadomości rolniczej młodego pokolenia. Zasadniczym źródłem danych wykorzystanych do analizy i wnioskowania były informacje pierwotne uzyskane z badań własnych, przeprowadzonych metodą PAPI na grupie 436 studentów. Do pomiaru i oceny świadomości młodzieży na temat rolnictwa wykorzystano indeks świadomości rolniczej. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, większość respondentów nie rozumie roli rolnictwa, którą odgrywa ono w gospodarce, społeczeństwie i środowisku. Determinantami poziomu świadomości rolniczej w grupie studentów były płeć oraz miejsce zamieszkania. | The aim of the work is to assess the level of agricultural awareness of academic youth and to pinpoint selected factors determining this the level. Being familiar with these determinants might serve as the basis for taking some actions by various entities which contribute to the increase in the agricultural awareness of the young generation. The main source of the data used for the analyses and applications was the primary information obtained from personal research. The research was done by using PAPI method on the group of 436 students. In order to measure and evaluate the youth awareness on agriculture the index of agricultural awareness was used. The findings of the studies indicate that the level of agricultural awareness of academic youth on the role in economy, society and environment is low. The determinants of agricultural awareness among students were gender and abode. | świadomość rolnicza, młodzież akademicka, województwo małopolskie | agricultural awareness, academic youth, Voivodship of Lesser Poland | 13 | 195-205 | 1
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Świadomość młodzieży akademickiej na temat rolnictwa Texte intégral
Szafrańska, Monika
The aim of the work is to assess the level of agricultural awareness of academic youth and to pinpoint selected factors determining this the level. Being familiar with these determinants might serve as the basis for taking some actions by various entities which contribute to the increase in the agricultural awareness of the young generation. The main source of the data used for the analyses and applications was the primary information obtained from personal research. The research was done by using PAPI method on the group of 436 students. In order to measure and evaluate the youth awareness on agriculture the index of agricultural awareness was used. The findings of the studies indicate that the level of agricultural awareness of academic youth on the role in economy, society and environment is low. The determinants of agricultural awareness among students were gender and abode. Synopsis. Celem pracy jest ocena poziomu świadomości rolniczej młodzieży akademickiej z woj. małopolskiego oraz określenie wybranych czynników determinujących ten poziom. Ich znajomość może stanowić podstawę działań różnych podmiotów, które przyczynią się do wzrostu świadomości rolniczej młodego pokolenia. Zasadniczym źródłem danych wykorzystanych do analizy i wnioskowania były informacje pierwotne uzyskane z badań własnych, przeprowadzonych metodą PAPI na grupie 436 studentów. Do pomiaru i oceny świadomości młodzieży na temat rolnictwa wykorzystano indeks świadomości rolniczej. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, większość respondentów nie rozumie roli rolnictwa, którą odgrywa ono w gospodarce, społeczeństwie i środowisku. Determinantami poziomu świadomości rolniczej w grupie studentów były płeć oraz miejsce zamieszkania.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]The Evaluation of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Whiting Fish (Merlanguis merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840), a Local and Economic Species of the Central Black Sea Region Texte intégral
2021
Oylum Gökkurt Baki
The present study aimed to determine the heavy metal cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) accumulations in muscle tissues, gills, gonads, liver, and other visceral organs (liver) of whiting fish (Merlanguis merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840) samples obtained by hunting from the Sinop (Black Sea) coasts. The mean cadmium value in muscle tissue, which concerns public health, was found to be 1.07±0.02 µg.kg-1, the chromium value was found to be 1.48±0.07 µg.kg-1, the nickel value was found to be 1.77±0.14 µg.kg-1, the lead value was found to be 5.38±0.29 µg.kg-1 while the mercury value was determined only in the gill and could not be determined in organs, and since it was below the limit values declared by international organizations for all metals, it was determined that it would not create adverse effects for human consumption. Also, examining the order of accumulation of heavy metals in tissues and organs from highest to lowest, it was sorted as liver> visceral organ> gill> muscle> gonad for cadmium; visceral organ> gill> muscle> liver> gonad for chromium; visceral organ> gill> liver> muscle> gonad for nickel; gill> visceral organ> liver> muscle> gonad for lead, while the mercury accumulation was detected only in the gill. Also, the data obtained as a result of the analyses made in the gonad is an important determination in terms of the effects of heavy metals on the reproduction of the species, as well as on the continuity of the population. Since the values determined in the other analyzed tissues were below the limit values reported by international organizations, the results showed that they do not pose any threat to human health in terms of workplace and time, type, and determined heavy metals.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effect of Imidocarb Application on Oxidative DNA Damage Caused by Anaplasmosis Texte intégral
2021
Ahmet Cihat Öner | Adnan Ayan
This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Farmers Utilization of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Across Selected Agro-Ecological Zones in Nigeria Texte intégral
2021
Olufunmilayo Grace Adenaiye | Simeon Dada yomi Alfred | Oluwatosin Oluwasegun Fasina
Farmers Utilization of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Across Selected Agro-Ecological Zones in Nigeria Texte intégral
2021
Olufunmilayo Grace Adenaiye | Simeon Dada yomi Alfred | Oluwatosin Oluwasegun Fasina
This study examined farmers’ level of use of climate change adaptation strategies across selected agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Edo and Ondo States were selected for the study with three major agro-ecological zones. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between year of education and level of use of adaptation strategies (r = 0.15, P = 0.02). The result of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that significant differences existed in most of the adaptation strategies employed except planting different varieties (F = 1.672, P = 0.190), intercropping (F = 0.646, P = 0.525), crop rotation (F = 2.436, P = 0.090) and migration to different sites (F = 0.661, P = 0.517). The study recommended that the issue of climate change should not be taken lightly by all stakeholders as its effect differs among various agro-ecological zones.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Densidades de siembra de dos variedades comerciales de crisantemo, Chrysantemum morifolium Ramat en Piendamo (Cauca) Texte intégral
1986
Prieto C., Emilse | Escobar G., Jorge A. | Posada D., Adolfo
The behavior and agricultural characteristics of two kinds of Chrysanthemum (White Marble and Yellow Polaris) were evaluated in terms of yield and quality of the product. Two different kinds of planting systems were applied (single stem and pinched stem). The experimental design in randomized whole blocks for each variety and system including four density treatments (80, 90, 110 and 115 sterns per 1.05 m2) was repeated six times. The experimental unit was of 2.10 m2; 1.26 m2 were harvested. A strong discrepancy between the quantity and quality of the product was observed. The highest yields were obtained with densities of 110 and 115 stems per 1.05 m2. However, the experimental units dis not always met both requirements of a diameter greater than seven cm and three or more marketable flowers per stem. If maximizing production of acceptable bunches is taken as a decision variable, a density of 90 sterns per 1.05 m2 with a 3/3/2/2/2/3/3 arrangement with pinched stern for Yellow Polar is seems a better alternative. As for White Marble, it would be better to have 80 stems per 1.05 m2 with a 3/2/2/2/2/2/3 arrangement in the single stem, but the probability of acceptance is only 0.666. In addition, White Marble showed more susceptibility to dwarfism. | Se evaluó el comportamiento y características agronómicas asociadas con el rendimiento y la calidad del producto en las variedades White Marble y Yellow Polaris, en los sistemas de tallo único y tallo despuntado. El diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar para cada variedad y sistema incluía cuatro tratamientos de densidad (80, 90, 110 Y 115 tallos por 1.05 m2), con seis repeticiones. La unidad experimental fue de 2.10 m2, cosechando 1. 26m2(1.05 x 1.20). Se observó marcado antagonismo entre la cantidad y la calidad del producto comercial. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con densidades de 110 y 115 tallos por 1.05 m2, pero no siempre la producción cumplía con los requisitos de diámetro de la flor mayor de siete cm y tres ó más flores comerciales por tallo. Tomando como criterio de decisión maximizar la producción de ramos aceptables, se considera como mejor alternativa en la variedad Yellow Polaris la densidad de 90 tallos por 1.05 m2 en un arreglo 3/3/2/2/2/3/3 y con el sistema de tallo despuntado. Para White Marble sería preferible 80 tallos por 1_05 m2, con un arreglo 3/2/2/2/2/2/3 en el sistema de tallo único; pero la probabilidad de aceptación fue de sólo 0.666 y además presentó más susceptibilidad al enanismo.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Antioxidants and Mineral Contents of Chicory as Coffee Additive Texte intégral
2021
Uğur Başaran | Erdem Gülümser | Cennet Yaman | Medine Çopur Doğrusöz | Hanife Mut
In this study, roots of Turkish origin wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) genotypes were investigated for total flavonoid and phenolic contents, radical cation scavenging activity (ABTS), Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and radical, mineral content. These characteristics were also compared with other coffee varieties. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents ranged between 0.290-4.350 mg QE/g dry weight (DW) and 0.943-13.860 mg GAE/g DW. The DPPH was listed here from high to low value: raw coffee beans = roasted coffee beans > roasted fruits of turpentine tree > instant coffee = roots of chicory. The content of P, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Cr, Co and Mo ranged between 0.71-2.78%, 0.25-0.46%, 7.29-20.66, 4.44-11.07, 0.40-1.67, 0.49-5.48 and 5.69-14.46 ppm, respectively. As a result, chicory roots exhibited low antioxidant activity, but higher mineral content compared to the other tested coffee varieties which indicates that chicory could be used a coffee additive.
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