Abstract Food self-sufficiency is a relevant political issue in many countries, developed and developing, particularly to satisfy the internal nutritional needs of the population and face situations in which the prices of basic products are unstable or when a country faces an external shock. Improving resilience involves strengthening local rural communities to meet demand with domestic production. The member countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LCN) produce enough food to sustain their population and to be one of the world's largest food exporters. From the theoretical discussion and using data from FAO, the research shows that there is a potential to improve food sovereignty and to define food and agricultural policies through agricultural complementarity among the LCN countries. Diverting part of the current trade with third parties to intraregional trade, for products in which the region has a comparative advantage, would mean that LCN countries could save up to 2.7 billion dollars per year, that is, 6.8% of total imports of food in 2018, avoiding the outflow of foreign currency and promoting greater economic integration between countries.

O comércio internacional tem adquirido importância crescente ao Brasil, especialmente para ao setor rural. Assim, entender o impacto da política de terceiros países no agronegócio brasileiro é importante. A União Européia (UE) é um dos principais parceiros comerciais do Brasil e é conhecida pela grande interferência que impõe ao seu setor agrícola na forma de diversos subsídios. O impacto da expansão da UE em 2004 e a reforma da Política Agrícola Comum (PAC) têm sido estudados em muitas regiões do mundo, mas não exaustivamente no Brasil. Este trabalho objetiva determinar o impacto da expansão da EU em 2004 no agronegócio brasileiro utilizando o Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral (GTAP) - Projeto de Análise do Comércio Global -, sob três cenários alternativos de reforma da PAC. Os impactos setoriais mais importantes foram sentidos na própria UE, como esperado, já que as medidas ocorrem naquele bloco. O impacto agregado da expansão da UE não foi importante para a economia brasileira. Mas, diferentes medidas da UE afetaram setores específicos do agronegócio brasileiro, como oleaginosas e carne bovina. As exportações desses setores da economia cresceram com a expansão e o descasamento dos pagamentos diretos, embora tenham decrescido com a expansão da UE sem o descasamento.<br>International trade has acquired increasing importance for the Brazilian economy, especially for agribusiness. In this way, understanding other countries policies that affects international trade and its impacts in this country is equally important. The European Union (EU) is one of the most important Brazilian trade partners and it is known by strong interference on its agricultural sector. The recent European enlargement and the last Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform have been studied at different regions of the World but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the impacts of this on Brazilian rural sectors. This paper aims to assess the impacts of the 2004 EU enlargement on Brazilian agribusiness using the general equilibrium model Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) under three alternatives scenarios for CAP Reform. The sectoral impacts were more relevant within the EU, as expected, as the measures take place in this region. The aggregate impact of the enlargement with or without decoupling was not important for the Brazilian economy. But it was found that different policies affect some Brazilian agribusiness sectors performance as oilseeds and bovine meat. Exports from these Brazilian sectors grow with enlargement as decoupling takes place, though they decrease under enlargement without decoupling.