This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 2019 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one at North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals. The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.

Fire is a frequent agent of disturbance in tropical savannas (e.g., Brazilian Cerrado), but relatively few studies have analyzed how the arthropod community responds to fire disturbance. Following the incursion of an accidental fire into a Cerrado fragment in Central Brazil, we investigated whether the arthropod community is structured by abiotic (climate or fire) or biotic (succession) factors. Our study commenced one week after fire and during the six months afterward. We found 22 arthropod orders, of which Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Blattaria and Coleoptera were the most representative. More than 40% of the arthropod abundance was recorded 40 days after the fire event. The overall arthropod abundance and richness fluctuated in the six months following the fire and does not seem to be related to climatic variables. Temporal beta diversity was explained by a reduction in richness differences along the intervals of time, but the community recovery needs to be treated with caution. The increase in replacement in the last intervals in relation to the fire event indicates that biotic interactions may occur with the arrival of late colonizers and suggest that arthropod communities need a long time to be restructured. These results indicate that the processes of restructuring of the arthropod communities after human-induced fire events are temporally complex, involving loss, gain and taxon replacement, but long-term studies are still needed to understand the dynamics of communities.

Plantas de oliveira Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) foram introduzidas no município de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil devido ao potencial local para produzir azeitonas e azeite, fruto e processado com mercado mundial em expansão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar, pela primeira vez, a presença da cochonilha negra, Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), em oliveiras (cv. Ascolano) em Diamantina. O presente registro mostra que S. oleae precisa ser monitorada, quando da implantação de viveiros de mudas e áreas de cultivo nesta região, por ter potencial para causar danos severos nas plantas e perdas na produção.Occurrence of Black Scale Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Olive Olea europaea (Oleaceae) cv. Ascolano in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Abstract. Olive plants Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) were introduced in the Diamantina region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil mainly because it is a potential place to produce olives and olive oil, with growing global market. The aim of this study was to record the presence of black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on olive (cv. Ascolano) in Diamantina. This record shows that S. oleae needs to be monitored when deploying nurseries and crop areas for its potential to cause severe damage in plants and production losses.

O trabalho objetiva inventariar a mirmecofauna de duas marismas distintas e estimar a diversidade, similaridade, bem como relacionar a temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e a pluviosidade aos padrões de flutuação de abundância desses insetos. Além disso, foram reconhecidas as espécies que atuam como indicadores ambientais. O estudo foi realizado em duas marismas localizadas no Estuário da Laguna Lagoa dos Patos, Ilha da Torotama e Molhe Oeste da Barra. Foram capturados 853 formicídeos, distribuídos em 19 gêneros. As duas marismas apresentaram índices de diversidade e abundância semelhantes, Ds = 0,958 e I = 0,042 na Ilha da Torotama e Ds = 0,8889 e I = 0,111 no Molhe Oeste da Barra. As flutuações dos grupos de formicídeos coincidiram em ambas as áreas, ocorrendo os picos durante os meses quentes. Grupos considerados bioindicadores estiveram presentes na amostragem, fornecendo parâmetros de conservação ambiental.Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Two Salt Marshes Patos Lagoon Estuary, RS: Diversity, Fluctuation of the Abundance and Similarity as Indicators of ConservationAbstract. The aim of this investigation was to assess the myrmecofauna of two distinct salt marshes and to estimate the diversity, similarity, as well as to estimate the effects of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the fluctuation patterns of these insects. Additionally, the species that act as environmental indicators were recognized. The study was conducted in two salt marshes located in the Patos Lagoon Estuary: Torotama’s Island and West Breakwater. A total of 853 ants were sampled, distributed in 19 genera. Both marshes showed similar diversity and abundance, Ds = 0.958 and I = 0.042 in Torotama’s Island and Ds = 0.8889 and I = 0.111 in West Break Water. Trends in ant composition coincided in both areas, with a peak during the warmer months. Areas showed no similarity, due to anthropogenic factors and species’ biology. Groups considered as biomarkers were recorded in the samples, providing parameters for environmental conservation.

Abstract. All the organisms are chemosensitive, besides being a source of substances capable of being perceived by other organisms. It is observed in Lepidoptera a great quantity of volatiles with signaling potential, or pheromones, which influence diverse behavioral aspects, such as reproduction, feeding and defense. In the Arctiidae family, the release of froth is a common defensive characteristic of these animals. This froth has not yet been investigated in regards to its pharmacological relationships, such as the relationship with secondary substances produced from host plants. This communication is intended to register the occurrence of this behavior of Phaloe cruenta (Hubner) and Hypercompe indecisa (Walker) recorded respectively in the Turvo State Park and in Alegrete, in the Rio Grande do Sul State.Espuma defensiva em espécies de Arctiidae no Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. Todos os organismos são quimiossenssíveis, além de serem fonte de substâncias capazes de serem percebidas por outros organismos. Em Lepidoptera pode ser observada uma grande quantidade de voláteis com potencial sinalizador, ou feromônios, que influenciam diversos aspectos comportamentais, como na reprodução, alimentação e defesa. Na família Arctiidae, a liberação de uma espuma é característica comum e defensiva desses insetos. Tal espuma ainda não foi investigada quanto à sua relação farmacológica, como a relação com substâncias secundárias produzidas a partir de plantas-hospedeiras. Nesta nota pretende-se registrar a ocorrência desse comportamento de Phaloe cruenta (Hubner) e Hypercompe indecisa (Walker) registradas, respectivamente, no Parque Estadual do Turvo e em Alegrete, no Rio Grande do Sul.

O objetivo foi analisar a fauna de grilídeos, sua relação com diferentes composições vegetais, o nível de serapilheira e os efeitos da sazonalidade. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, nas quatro estações do ano, entre abril de 2008 e março de 2009. Foram coletados 503 grilídeos com armadilhas de solo, em oito pontos de coleta. Os insetos coletados foram identificados os seguintes gêneros Anurogryllus, Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. Os grilídeos não possuem afinidade com solos descampados, diminuindo consideravelmente no local mais impactado. O nível de serapilheira não interferiu na abundância e as mudanças sazonais mostraram importância na variação populacional, entretanto, a diversidade e dominância mostraram-se fiéis às alterações ambientais mesmo em menores valores de abundância. Esses resultados mostram que os grilídeos podem ser indicadores ambientais, pois respondem às modificações do meio.Composition and Diversity of the Crickets Fauna (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) in a Fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest in the Rio de Janeiro StateAbstract. This study aimed to analyze the fauna of cricket, its relation with different plant compositions, litter level and seasonality effects. Four collections were performed, in four season of the year, between April 2008 and March 2009. It was collected 503 crickets using soil traps, in eight sampling points. The insects collected were identified as the genera Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. The crickets have no affinity with uncovered soil, decreasing significantly in more impacted places. The litter level did not affect the abundance and the seasonal changes shown importance in the population variation, however, diversity and dominance showed fidelity to environmental changes even in lower abundance. These results show that crickets may be environmental indicators due to the answers the changes in environment.

Camponotus sericeiventris Guérin são formigas descritas como onívoras, incluindo em sua dieta néctar floral e extrafloral, exsudato de hemípteros e de lepidópteros, artrópodes mortos e presas vivas, além de sementes e frutos forrageados no ambiente em que residem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento de forrageio de C. sericeiventris, correlacionando a atividade forrageadora com os fatores climáticos, bem como quantificar e identificar os recursos explorados pela espécie, o tempo de forrageio e o raio de ação. A espécie estudada revelou ser influenciada positivamente pela variação de temperatura do ambiente, aumentando sua atividade com a elevação da temperatura (p<0,05). Apenas 5,19% (n= 387) dos retornos foram possíveis de serem identificados, distribuídos em fezes (35,40%, n = 137); proteína animal (27,65%, n = 107) e fibra vegetal (36,95%, n = 143). Na maior parte dos retornos (94,81%, n= 7.072) as formigas não carregavam uma carga visível. Duas trilhas de forrageio, que partiam da colônia até as árvores onde as formigas buscavam recursos, foram medidas (73 e 86 m), representando um raio médio de distância por procura de recursos de 79,5 ±9,19 m o que resulta em 19.596 m² de área de ação de uma colônia. O tempo de forrageio de C. sericeiventris apresentou uma média de duração de 67 ±16’97’’ (37’03’’ – 101’) min. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo fornecem importantes subsídios para a compreensão da dinâmica da atividade forrageadora da formiga C. sericeiventris em ambiente antrópico. Além disso, revela a importância desta espécie em suas interações com o ambiente.Foraging Behavior of Camponotus sericeiventris Guérin (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Urban EnvironmentAbstract. Camponotus sericeiventris Guérin are described as omnivorous, their diet including floral and extrafloral nectar, exudates of hemipteran and lepidopteran, prey, seed and fruit foraged in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the foraging behavior of C. sericeiventris, correlating the foraging activity and climatic factors as well as quantify and identify the resources exploited by the species and time of the foraging and action range. The specie studied was influenced positively by variations in the temperature. In most of the returns (94.81%, n = 7,072) the ants did not carry a load visible. Only 5.19% (n = 387) of the returns were identified and distributed as feces (35.40%, n = 137), animal protein (27.65%, n = 107) and vegetable fiber (36, 95%, n = 143). Two foraging trails, from colony to trees where ants were seeking resources, were measured (73 and 86 m) representing an average of the distance of 79.5 ± 9.19 m, resulting in 19,596 m² of colony action. The duration of foraging of the C. sericeiventris had an average of 67 ± 16’97’’ (37’03’’- 101’) minutes. The results of this study provide important insights into understanding the dynamics of foraging activity of the C. sericeiventris in the human environment. Moreover, it shows the interaction of this specie with the environmental.