Abstract. Piophila casei (Linneus), known as the cheese skipper fly, is a sarcosaprophagous dipteran, meaning it has a wide range of feeding habits: proteins, decaying animal and vegetable matter, and feces. The biological aspects of P. casei are relevant to several fields, including forensic entomology and human and veterinary medicine. This work presents the ultrastructure characteristics of P. casei, compares the structures present during its development using light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and reports the development time of eggs, larvae and pupae under controlled laboratory conditions (23°C, 60% relative humidity and 12 h of light). Colony of adults previously maintained in the laboratory (third generation) was used in this study. The morphology of the insect and of structures such as the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, the anterior and posterior spiracles and the structures and organs of the head, thorax and abdomen of the first, second and third instar larvae were characterized. The total development time of the egg from laying until the emergence of the adult was 448 hours (18.66 days); this included 8 hours for embrionary development, 248 hours for larval development and 192 hours for pupal development.Ultraestrutura e tempo de desenvolvimento de estágios imaturos de Piophila casei (Linneus)Resumo. Piophila casei (Linneus), conhecida como “cheese skipper fly”, é uma mosca sarcosaprófaga, possui habito alimentar diverso. Pode alimentar-se de proteínas diversas, matéria animal e vegetal em decomposição e fezes. Os aspectos biológicos de P. casei são relevantes principalmente para a entomologia forense, medicina humana e veterinária. Este trabalho apresenta características da ultraestrutura de P. casei, comparando as estruturas dos três instares larvais do desenvolvimento, utilizando microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura (MEV), além de descrever o tempo de desenvolvimento de ovos, larvas e pupa sob condições controladas de laboratório (23 °C, 60% humidade relativa e 12 h de luz). A morfologia geral do inseto e estruturas como o esqueleto cefalofaríngeo, os espiráculos anterior e posterior,  as estruturas e órgãos da cabeça, tórax e abdômen da larva de primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares foram caracterizadas. O tempo total de desenvolvimento de ovo até a emergência do adulto foi de 448 horas (18,66 dias), sendo 8 horas para desenvolvimento embrionário, 248 horas para desenvolvimento larval e 192 horas para desenvolvimento pupal.

Esse estudo avaliou a produtividade dos criadouros de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) no município de Parati através dos dados da vigilância entomológica obtidos pelos métodos preconizados pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue (PNCD). O maior número de pupas de A. aegypti foi coletado nos ralos (31%), garrafas e latas (23%); e com A. albopictus o maior número foi nas garrafas, latas (24%) e vasos de planta (21%). Do total de pupas obtidas, 84,3% e 79,3% das pupas de A. aegypti e A. albopictus respectivamente foram coletadas em pequenos reservatórios: garrafas, vasos de plantas, pneus, bromélias, oco de árvores e ralos. Essas produtividades contradizem a literatura e podem ser explicadas pelas limitações de acesso aos grandes reservatórios e falha na capacitação dos agentes. Esse estudo chama atenção para a importância que os pequenos reservatórios podem ter na densidade do vetor no meio urbano nacional e conclui que a metodologia de vigilância entomológica usada tem sido ineficaz para identificar os grandes e mais produtivos criadouros. Essa conclusão sugere que essa ineficácia pode ser um fator importante pelos insucessos no combate a dengue no Brasil.Evaluation of Breeding Productivity from Surveillance Data for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, BrazilAbstract. This study evaluated the pupa-productivity of the entomologic surveillance according methodology used by the official Program for Dengue Control in Brazil (PDCB) for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Parati, RJ, Brazil. The highest number of A. aegypti pupae were found in drains (31%), bottles and cans (23%); and the highest number of A. albopictus pupae were found in bottles and cans (24%), and plant vases (21%). Of the total pupae identified 84.3% and 79.3% of A. aegypti and A. albopictus respectively were collected in small receptacles: bottles, plants vase, tires, bromeliads and tree holes. These productivities are not supported by literature and can be explained by the restrictions of access for the bigger receptacles and lack of training of the agents. The study points out the importance which the small receptacles can have on vector densities in urban environment despite of their productivity and conclude that the entomology surveillance methodology for dengue used in PDCB has no efficacy to identify the bigger and more productive receptacles. This conclusion suggests that this inefficacy can be an important factor for the failures on dengue vector control in Brazil.

Apresentamos uma nova metodologia de coleta de insetos aquáticos para ambientes de cachoeira, juntamente com a elaboração de um equipamento de amostragem. Propomos uma modificação do formato do rapiché ou coador tradicional, que com auxílio de uma trincha e espátula, possibilita a raspagem dos paredões, conseguindo retirar inclusive espécies de hábito agarrador. Propõe, ainda, adequação na metodologia de transecções de áreas fixas para a obtenção vertical de amostras comparável a transecções horizontais em riachos.Methods for Sampling Aquatic Insects on Walls of Waterfalls Abstract. We present a new method for sampling aquatic insects in waterfall environments, and the development of a sampling equipment. We propose a change in the shape of the dipnet or traditional hand sieve. This change in shape, with the addition of a brush and spatula, enables the scraping of walls, so that even species of grabber habits are sampled. We propose, also, an adaptation of the method of fixed area transects to obtain vertical samples similar to the obtained through horizontal transects in streams.

The objective of this study was to assess if larvae of Phylloicus spp. show any preference for leaves with or without microorganisms when building cases. Two experiments were realized at municipality of Presidente Figueiredo (Amazonas – Brazil), containing leaves treated with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a compost that has an antimicrobial action, and another one with untreated leaves. In the first were observed the case-building by larvae of Phylloicus spp. and in the second was tested the preference by treated or untreated leaves. The larvae were monitored during 24 hours and to statistical analysis was used the t-test. Were not observed significant differences in the number of discs used by the larvae in the first experiment (p=0.24; t=-0.73) and no preference by type of leaf in the second experiment (p=0.41; t=0.23). Therefore, we do not recommend the use of hydrogen peroxide in studies that aim to eliminate microorganisms from decomposing leaves.