ABSTRACT - Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) develops at an optimal temperature in the range of 20-30°C, temperatures above 30-35°C compromise the photosynthetic efficiency of the crop. Considering the importance of lima bean cultivation, the objective of this study was to carry out a morphoagronomic and phenological characterization of 46 lima bean accessions tolerant to high temperatures from the core collection of lima bean at the Universidade Federal do Piauí. The experiment was conducted from February to July 2021 in a completely randomized block design with four replications, where the plot consisted of a pot with two plants. Genotype characterization was performed based on 20 morphoagronomic and phenological descriptors of lima bean. Based on Pearson's correlation, the number of emitted and aborted flowers had a greater genetic correlation with the total number of seeds and pods produced. Pod length and width were positively correlated with seed thickness, length, and width. Five groups were formed based on UPGMA grouping. It was observed that the UFPI-922 and UFPI-945 accessions had a higher performance under high-temperature conditions in relation to the number of flowers and pods emitted, as well as lower values for the number of aborted pods. The accessions UFPI-1037, UFPI-876, UFPI-1036, UFPI-1028, UFPI-1052, UFPI-1064, UFPI-1038, and UFPI-1062 are promising for precocity, productivity, emission of flowers and pods formed, and can be used in breeding programs.

ABSTRACT Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) can be considered as an alternative income and food supply to farmers of the Brazilian Northeast. This crop has faced serious sanitary problems. Among the most important diseases that attack this crop, the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum requires greater attention. This study aimed to determine the resistance of lima bean accessions to the isolates of C. truncatum. Detached leaves were used from ten lima bean accessions, originated from production fields in Paraíba State - Brazil. They were artificially inoculated with ten isolates of C. truncatum. The isolates were grown on bean-dextroseagar medium under temperature 27 ± 2 °C and a photoperiod of 12 hours, for fourteen days. The evaluations of the accessions’ resistance to the isolates were performed at 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI), adopting a scale of notes, and the results were transformed in the area under the disease progress curve. The research was carried out in completely randomized design, in a 10x10 factorial arrangement (accessions x isolates) with 12 replications. The first symptoms of anthracnose on the detached leaves appeared from the third day after inoculation. The accessions were grouped from highly to moderately resistant or susceptive. The aggressiveness among C. truncatum isolates varied depending on the genetic variability of the lima bean accessions used. Accessions with significant resistance levels to anthracnose can be used as resistance sources in future breeding programs.

ABSTRACT - Based on its nutritional and economic value, the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is the second most important species of the genus. It has high genetic diversity and potential for production and is considered an alternative food and income source. The objective of this study was to apply the restricted maximum likelihood/ best linear unbiased prediction (REML/ BLUP) methodology to estimate genetic parameters and predict genotypic values in F3 populations of lima beans. Twelve characteristics were evaluated in five populations with indeterminate growth habits (H39, H72, H53, H90, and H56). Model 83 from the Selegen program was used for analysis. Considering the genetic parameters, the highest values of genetic variance were for plant height and number of pods per plant. Pod thickness and seed width are favorable for breeding programs. Seed width selection gain was significant for populations H56 and H90 at 11.26 mm and 10.50 mm, respectively. As for the length and thickness of seeds, the gains were less significant, with population H53 showing the greatest gain. The REML/ BLUP methodology proved efficient in estimating genetic parameters and predicting gains in lima bean populations. The estimated selection gains indicated that the highest gains were obtained for plant height, the number of pods per plant, pod thickness, seed width, and the number of days to maturity. Populations H53 and H56 stood out for having large and white seeds, thus being potential populations for species improvement.

ABSTRACT Lima bean is an important crop in Northeastern Brazil and a source of food and income for farmers in the region. However, there have been few genetic studies on this species, which limits the knowledge available for use in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between cycle and production traits using canonical correlation analysis and to identify traits that can be used for the indirect selection of lima bean. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Science of the Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, in a randomized block design with five replications, in which 11 agronomic traits from six lima bean populations in the F3 generation originating from biparental crosses were evaluated in 2019. The data were subjected to canonical correlation analysis using the virtual environment R. The results showed that only the first coefficient of the canonical pair was significant (r = 0.5531) by the quisquare test, suggesting that the studied groups were not independent, as the cycle traits showed coefficients of large magnitudes in the relationship between groups. The canonical correlation results suggested that there is a linear association between cycle and production traits in lima beans, in which days to flowering, days to maturation, pod length, seed width, and seed thickness contribute the most to the association between groups.