This work evaluated the effect of two methods of determination of soil water (laboratory method and field method) and four levels of soil water availability (20; 40; 60 and 80%) on biomass of the aerial part, crop evapotranspiration, leaf area, plant height and yield in pit of herbaceous cotton plant, cultivar CNPA-7H. The randomized blocks experimental design was used in factorial scheme 2 x 4, with three replications. The determination of available soil water by the field method overcame the results of the studied variables in relation to the laboratory method and it represents more real conditions of the readiness of water for the cotton plant. The leaf area and the evapotranspiration, determined by field method, increased significantly with the levels of available soil water. The management with the available water of 61.61% by laboratory method promoted the maximum leaf area of 1755.4 cm2 and, with 74.4% of levels of available water, the maximum evapotranspiration was of 238 mm. There were earnings of 0.2 g of biomass per unit of levels of available soil water by field method; already by laboratory method the maximum biomass of 17.6 g was reached with the management of levels of available water of 62.9%. The best response for the cotton incomes in pit was given by field method with earnings in the income of 0.26 g for the field method and of 0.11 g for the laboratory method per unit of available soil water.

Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L-1). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.

Brazil is the fourth cocoon producer in the world. In São Paulo State there are mulberry some hybrids whose productivity are higher than the commonly cultivated varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulberry hybrids (Morus spp.) on the cocoon production of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). The experiment was conducted at the Unidade Regional de Pesquisa de Gália do Instituto de Zootecnia, SP. The caterpillars were fed on leaves of the hybrids IZ-3/2, IZ-13/6, IZ-15/7, IZ-19/13, IZ-56/4, IZ-57/2, IZ- 40, IZ-64, in a rearing hut at 25 oC ± 3 oC and 75% ± 5% relative humidity. 'Korin' was used as standard. The hybrids affected the duration of the larval period and the weight of the caterpillars, prepupaes and the silk glands as well. There was a reduction in the duration of larval development when the caterpillars had been fed with hybrid IZ-56/4 and the 'Korin' variety. Hybrids IZ-57/2, IZ-56/4 and IZ-15/7 presented the highest cocoon production.

This experiment was carried through with objective to evaluate bromatologicament the aerial part and the root of 11 (eleven) to cultivate of cassava, thus determining information for the animal consumption. The experiment was developed in the Experimental Station "Felipe Camarão" pertaining to Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte S/A - EMPARN, situated in São Gonçalo do Amarante - RN. The following variable had been evaluated: Dry substance, mineral substance, organic substance and rude protein, of the root and aerial part and fiber in acid detergent, fiber in neutral detergent, etéreo extract, insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent, insoluble protein in acid detergent,, total carbohidrates and not-fiber carbohidrates only of the aerial part of the cassava. The used experimental delineation block-type complete was casualizados, with four repetitions. The experimental treatments had been the following ones to cultivate of cassava, proceeding from the Experimental Stations of da EMEPA, EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura, EMPARN: Cigana Preta, Surrão, Pão da Tarde, Manteiga, Salangó, Osso Duro, Amazonas, Eucalipto, Monge, Bahia Preta e Bravo Preto. It concludes that we must limit the consumption of the aerial part of any to cultivate of the cassava the what concerns amount of indigestível fiber. On the other hand, to cultivate studied them present an excellent Rude Protein concentration. To cultivate Brave if it detaches for presenting one high amount of protein (12.88%).

The sustainable use of land constitutes a growing concern for different managements and inappropriate agricultural practices. Despite the expansion of scientific knowledge on soil it appears that the use of indicators to estimate their quality, independently does not allow a proper evaluation for the diagnosis of imbalances in production systems. This research aimed to diagnose changes on important physical and microbiological indicators in a dystrophic Red-Yellow (Oxissol) under extensive grazing conditions and native vegetation in the Brazilian Pantanal. The results showed significant deterioration in physical and microbiological environment anthropized with average reductions in indicators of 51.62%, 10.30%, 16.36%, for microbial carbon, basal respiration, percentage of wet aggregates, respectively, and increases for soil density, soil resistance to penetration, metabolic quotient of 184.68%, 142.18%, 88.31%, respectively. By inserting these results in a Qualigram allowed to obtain a quantitative index of soil quality under extensive grazing equal to -0.0814. Based on this index has qualified sustainable management of cumulative effects on pasture as a "system under collapse" compared to the native environment.

The cultivation of the strawberry is concentrated in the states of the Southeast and South of the country contributing to generating direct and indirect jobs. The opening of new frontiers in atypical climate conditions for the cultivation, such as regions having higher temperatures, has been investigated. The leaf topography interferes with pathogenicity and deposition of pesticides. This study aimed to analyze the performance of 11 cultivars of strawberry in the tropical conditions of the Mesorregião Mata of the Pernambuco state. The cultivation was done in screenhouse where topographical characters of the median leaves of cultivars were evaluated. The experimental design was Completely randomized, with five replications, being each pot a plot. Dover, Oso Grande and Tudla cultivars showed leaves with a flatter relief. The cultivar Sweet Charlie presented a more rugged topography. Considering the conditions of this experiment, the cultivars Dover, Oso Grande and Tudla were those that presented the most potential to pesticide absorptions.

The caatinga biome covers around 70% of the North-Eastern territory and nevertheless the studies carried out about its natural riches are still insufficient especially tackling the floristics diversity of the biome as a whole, particularly in the state of Paraiba. For this reason the current study aimed to carry out the floristics survey of an area of caatinga in the municipality of Boqueirão, Paraiba State. In the area of study, it was registered 47 species distributed in 39 genera and 20 families of flowering plants. The families that stood out in number of species were: Fabaceae, with 12 species; Cactaceae, with five; Euphorbiaceae and Malvaceae, with four species each one and Convolvulaceae with three species, while the other families (15) showed one to two species each one. The woody component dominated over the shrubby, herbaceous, subshrubby and the woody vines components of the area studied. Based on the data obtained in this study, it was possible to correlate the taxa shown with the flora of different areas of caatinga, especially in the Northeast region, showing up the priority of carrying out floristics studies including other areas of the caatinga of Paraiba as well as of different states of the Brazilian Northeastern.

Studies have shown that the Caatinga has two vegetation types related to different soils originated from crystalline and sedimentary. However, it is unclear whether the flora as a whole varies in relation to this difference or if it only varies for certain plant habits. This article provides a comparative analysis of the different habits of flowering plant species that occur on different soil types in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. Sixty plots (10 x 10m) were established to collect woody species and 300 plots (1 x 1m) were established to collect herbaceous species. The plots were in soils of crystalline and sedimentary origin, and drainage and relief were taken into consideration. One hundred and fifty species distributed in 40 families were recorded. Species richness was greatest in Leguminosae (37 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (16 spp.) and Convolvulaceae (13 spp.). There were 101 woody species and 49 herbaceous species, suggesting that the woody habit responds better to local morpho-pedological differences.

The aim of this research was to examine the response of utilization of wastewater and organic manure on the growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Embrapa BRS Oásis). The study was carried out from April to July 2009 in a greenhouse. Sunflower plants were irrigated with wastewater and tap water combined with doses of humus (w/w) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% and two controls (wastewater + mineral NPK and tap water + NPK) with three replications. Humus application did not show significant effect on any variable analyzed except duration of post-harvest where all treatments presented duration more than the established by the market, while the wastewater was efficient in all assessments, promoting substantial increases in the growth of sunflower.

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of weeds and the performance of common bean grown on different types of plant residues managed with herbicides, in a no-till system. The treatments were arranged in split plots in a randomized block design with three replications. Prior to sowing common bean in the no-till system, plant residues of sorghum, maize, jack bean, sunflower, stylosanthes, rice, soybean and weeds were spread on the plots. Common bean was sown after chemical drying of the cover species. The two secondary treatments in split plots after bean sowing consisted of herbicide absence and the use of a mixture of the herbicides fomesafen (applied at a rate of 100 g ha-1 , 20 days after bean emergence-DAE) and quizalofop-p-ethyl (applied at a rate of 70 g ha-1, 25 DAE). Sorghum produced highest amounts of straw as well as the best soil cover. The plant residues did not influence the establishment of common bean. Herbicide application controlled weeds efficiently. However, the effects of mulch on weed control did not influence bean yield. The treatments influenced the number of pods per plant and grain yield of the bean yield components, with higher values in herbicide-treated plots.