This paper presents morphoanatomic characteristics of roots, cataphylls, leaves and scapes of Amaryllidaceae s.s. and Alliaceae s.s. species from Northeastern Brazil. The histological laminas were prepared following standard plant anatomy techniques. Among the organs studied, leaves and scapes were shown to be useful for the delimitation of groups in family, genera and species. Among the diagnostic characters are raised: the presence of biconvex scape is unique in Griffinia and Hymenocallis (Amaryllidaceae s.s.), epidermal cell with sinuous anticlinal walls in the leaves and scape occur only in Griffinia espiritensis e acute maple leaf only in Habranthus robustus. Zephyranthes candidula differs by having subcircular and unifacial leaves, Hymenocallis littoralis by having subepidermal strands of collenchyma in the scapes and above the vascular bundles in the leaves. The presence of latex is unique of Nothoscordum pernambucanum (Alliaceae s.s.).

This current paper aimed to evaluate the use of increasing levels of hydrolyzed feather meal (0, 2, 4, 6, 8%), feeding broiler females 21 to 42 days old. Cobb 480 pullets were used with 21 days of age an average weight of 938 grams, distributed in 30 experimental plots in a randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of 16 birds each. Five experimental diets isonitrogenous and isoenergetic based on digestible amino acids for stages 21 to 35 days and 36 to 42 days. The birds were weighed for uniformity of the plots at 21 days and every seven days to assess the weight and feed consumption. The average values for weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion, respectively, 1.398 ± 59 g, 3.068 ± 130 g and 2.194 ± 0.36. The average weights of carcass, breast, thigh, drumsticks, abdominal fat, heart, liver and gizzard were, respectively, 1671 ± 81 g, 569 ± 38 g, 218 ± 13 g, 275 ± 13 g, 49.3 ± 7 g, 9.7 ± 1 g, 36.8 and 27.2 ± 2 g. The conclusion was that for each 1% inclusion of FPH was observed a decrease in carcass weight of 16.6 g in weight of the wings of 1.26 g and 1.73 g increase in abdominal fat.

The abusive use of pesticides results in contamination of the environment, food and people. The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of silicon in the integrated management of Diamondback moth, as a physical barrier, reducing the use of pesticides. Agrosilício was the source of silicon used in the research. This product has 23% of silicon. Discs of cabbage were sunk in water (control) and on four solutions containing 3, 6, 9 e 12 kg.ha-1 of silicon, in 10 replicates. The discs were offered to 2o instar larvae, reared in laboratory, and morphological and behavior responses were recorded in the first 24 hours. Feeding preference, mortality and jaw damage were evaluated. Treatments had a significant effect in all variables. Larvae were more attracted and mortality was high in treatment with 12 kg.ha-1 of silicon. Silicon damaged larvae jaw, limiting ingestion and causing high mortality. Silicon in the integrated management of diamondback moth may contribute to reduction of pesticides use.

The aim was to evaluate the selectivity of insecticides used to control the fall armyworm to epigeic occurring on the soil of a crop of millet. The research was conducted in field in the town of Dourados. The experiment consists of randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. Sampling of natural enemies in observable by traps "pitfall modified." The Belt 480 SC insecticide, was not selective family Tachinidae, but was slightly toxic to Formicidae and selective Araneidae and Calossoma granulatum. The insecticide Gallaxy 100 CE, the mortality rate obtained with 63% in the first (DAA) for Araneidae and Tachinidae families, and was selective to a DAA for C. granulatum predator. The insecticide Tracer 480 SC, was not selective to the spiders, Formicidae and Tachinidae. The insecticide Match 50 EC was the most toxic C. granulatum predator and the Spiders in the assessment a DAA, which obtained a mortality rate of 100% and 67% respectively. The effect of the insecticide Karate SC 250, had a mortality rate of families Araneidae and Formicidae, 89 and 60% mortality. The Lannate 215 S to a DAA, its mortality rate for C. granulatum and families Araneidae, Formicidae and Tachinidae 100, 78, 60 and 50%, and selectivity to Tachinidae. The insecticide Talstar 100 EC, was toxic to the Family Formicidae, Araneidae and Tachinidae in the assessment a DAA, which obtained a mortality rate of 80%, 78% and 75% and preserved population of C. granulatum predator.

Malabar spinach is a non-conventional vegetable propagated mainly by seeds. This research evaluated the propagation by stem cuttings as an alternative method of propagation and verified its effect on growth of the vegetable. Plantlets propagated by seeds and stem cuttings were grown in greenhouse and their growth were evaluated in five successive intervals of 21 days each, with the first evaluation carried out 60 days after the transplanting. The results showed that the propagation methods have influence on the Malabar spinach growth. Plants propagated by seeds display slow, but vigorous growth, with larger relative yield of leaves and tender leaves, while plants propagated by cuttings showed fast initial growth, with rapid fruit formation. Thus, the propagation by cuttings is more suitable for seed production, while propagation by seeds is more profitable for leaves production.

Studies on the floristic diversity including climbers and also research directed to survey of these species are rare in Northeastern Brazil. With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of this component in the Northeast region and provide data on the flora of Rio Grande do Norte, a floristic study was carried out in a fragment of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in the municipality of Parnamirim and an identification key was created for the species. 20 species were registered belonging to 19 genera and 11 families. Eight of these species are new records for the state. The richest families in species were Fabaceae (05), Dilleniaceae (03), Bignoniaceae (02), Convolvulaceae (02) and Passifloraceae (02). The sum of the representatives of these families corresponded to 60% of the total number of species recorded. Comparative analysis suggests that studies be conducted focusing the diversity of climbing in northeastern Brazil, especially because these indicate the state of conservation of forests.

The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the Jathropa curcas L response to different doses of nitrogen, water regimes and soil surface nature. The experiment was conducted from May 2009 to February 2010 under greenhouse conditions at the Sustainable Development Center of the Federal University of Paraiba in Sumé-PB. A factorial experiment in blocks was used with four organic fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg of N/ ha), four irrigation levels (50, 75, 100 and 125% the Class A pan evaporation) and four additional treatments with soil mulching. Sixty plastic vases 100 l capacity were used to cultivate the plants during 257 days and a Class A Evaporation Pan was installed in the greenhouse to monitor daily water evaporation. The plant variables evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total aerial and root dry mass. The increase of the soil water content and soil mulching had significant effect on the evaluated plant variables.

Having to evaluate the effect of varieties and phosphorus fertilization on growth and productivity of castor beans, is an experiment conducted at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, located in Rio Largo- AL. The paper was a 5 x 2 factorial, consisting of five doses of P2O5 (0, 45, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1) using triple superphosphate as source, and two varieties of castor bean, (BRS 149 Nordestina and BRS 188 Paraguaçu), with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. We determined leaf area (LA) and plant height (PH) 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting (DAT), the length of the primary racemes (LPR) and subsequent (LSR), the number of racemes throughout the cycle (NR), the seed yield (SY) and dry matter accumulation in shoot (DM). The P fertilization increased the leaf area only at 30 and 120 DAT, while for plant height, the effect was only observed at 30 DAT. There was a quadratic effect of phosphorus for the LPR, NR, SY and DM. The variety BRS 188 Paraguaçu produced more racemes, but on the other side of the racemes BRS 149 Nordestina were longer.

The present study aimed to use DNA markers to select plants for the first and second backcross (BC) of two distinct populations of common bean, carrying the QTL for resistance to white mold and RAPD and microsatellite markers to identify the plants of the BC population more similar to their recurrent parent. For this, it was used the lines G122 (resistant - P1) as donor parent and VC3 (susceptible - P2) as recurrent parent for generation of the population F1RC1-GV evaluated for resistance to white mold by means of the SCAR Phs and genotyped with RAPD primers. In the F1RC2-EM population were used the lines Ex Rico 23 (resistant) as donor parent and M20 (susceptible) as recurrent parent evaluated for resistance to white mold, by means of RAPD primers O12.1600 and O15.1800 and genotyped with microsatellite (SSR) primers. Genetic similarity (sgij) between each BC plant and the recurrent parent was estimated using the Sorensen-Dice coefficient. The proportion of the SSR alleles derived from the recurrent parent was also estimated and, simultaneously, genetic similarity and the proportion of SSR alleles were efficient for identifying plants more similar to the recurrent parent. It was found that marker assisted selection (MAS) contributes to reducing the number of BC in at least a generation.

This paper aimed to characterize the main agricultural productive systems of the county of Ibimirim in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, in order to obtain data that can serve as subsidy to the implementation of agroforestry systems. Different productive unities were characterized through semi-structured interviews with local agriculturists selected through a stratified sampling. Each layer was composed by the main activity executed by the family which correspondent to: group 1: irrigated agricultural systems; group 2: traditional systems and forest extractivism; group 3: apiculture; group 4: handicraft fishing. The sample was composed by 5% of the small agriculturist in the groups 1, 2 and 3 and 2% in the group 4, due to this group being more homogeneous. The irrigated agriculture stood out in economic terms, althought it has demonstrated limited autonomy due to external raw materials dependence in addition to contribute to soil and hydric resource degradation. The traditional systems high adaptability and the apiculture conservationist character have generated a low impact under the local ecosystems. Fishing, forest extractivism and forest management are activities that allow the agriculturist maintenance in the rural environment and constitute a source of revenue during the dry season. The activities diversification and the integration of different productive systems has been a concrete possibility for income generation and improvement in the life quality of the families in the region. This way, the agroforestry systems of multiple use must be priority in rural development programs for the region sustainability.