ABSTRACT: This work aimed to study the agronomic feasibility of the arugula (A) and lettuce (L) bicropping intercropped with carrot (C) under different amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil and proportions of population densities among component crops in semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte state. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 4. The first factor was constituted by the amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor by the proportions of population densities of the component crops in polyculture [(50A-50C-50L (%); 40A-50C-40L (%); 30A-50C-30L (%) and 20A-50C-20L (%) of the recommended populations in sole crops - RPSC)]. The leafy vegetable crops were planted in two cultivations during the carrot cycle, and a joint analysis was carried out involving the two cultivations in the 4 x 4 factorial scheme. The characteristics evaluated were green mass yield (arugula), dry mass of shoots and productivity (lettuce), total, commercial and classified productivity of carrot roots. The modified monetary advantage was used to evaluate the agronomic feasibility of intercropping systems. The use of roostertree as green manure proved viable in the polyculture of arugula, carrot, and lettuce. The major agronomic performance of the arugula, carrot and lettuce in the polyculture was registered in the amount of 55 t ha-1 of roostertree incorporated into the soil. The population density proportions of arugula, carrot and lettuce of 50A-50C-50L (%) of the RPSC were those that provided the greatest agronomic feasibility of the polycultures. | RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a viabilidade agronômica do bicultivo de rúcula (R) e alface consorciado (A) com cenoura (C) sob diferentes quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo e de proporções de densidades populacionais entre as culturas componentes no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4. O primeiro fator foi constituído pelas quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-1 em base seca) e o segundo fator pelas proporções de densidades populacionais das culturas componentes em policultivo [(50R-50C-50A (%); 40R-50C-40A (%); 30R-50C-30A(%) e 20R-50C-20A (%) das populações recomendadas em cultivos solteiro - PRCS)]. As folhosas foram plantadas em dois cultivos no ciclo da cenoura e uma análise conjunta foi realizada envolvendo os dois cultivos da rúcula e da alface e o fatorial 4 x 4. As características avaliadas foram: rendimento de massa verde (rúcula); massa seca da parte aérea e produtividade (alface); produtividade total; comercial; e classificada de raízes de cenoura. A vantagem monetária corrigida foi usada para avaliar a viabilidade agronômica dos sistemas consorciados. O uso da flor-de-seda como adubo verde se mostrou viável no policultivo de rúcula, cenoura e alface. O melhor desempenho agronômico do policultivo de rúcula, cenoura e alface foi registrado na quantidade de 55 t ha-1 de flor-de-seda incorporada ao solo. As proporções de densidades populacionais de rúcula, cenoura e alface de 50-50-50 (%) das PRCS foram as que proporcionaram a maior viabilidade agronômica dos policultivos.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da secagem sobre as características físicas dos frutos de amendoim. Os frutos foram utilizados com um teor de água inicial de aproximadamente 0,63 decimal bs e submetidos à secagem com temperatura de 40 ºC. Foram determinadas as propriedades físicas, quais sejam: massa especifica aparente; massa específica unitária; porosidade; massa de mil grãos; esfericidade; circularidade; área projetada; área superficial; e a relação superfície/volume. Com base nos resultados encontrados conclui-se que a redução do teor de água proporcionou redução em todas as propriedades físicas dos frutos de amendoim, com exceção da relação superfície/volume, que tiveram seus valores aumentados com a redução do teor de água. A esfericidade, assim como a circularidade dos frutos de amendoim, tiveram seus valores reduzidos durante o processo de secagem. | ABSTRACT: The present work was accomplished with the objective of evaluating the drying effect on the peanut fruits physical properties. Peanut fruits with an initial moisture content of 0.63 decimal db were dried with a temperature of 40 ºC. Bulk density, true density, porosity, thousand-grain weight, sphericity, circularity, projected area, surface area and surface/volume ratio physical properties were determined. Based on these results, it is concluded that reducing the moisture content promotes reduction in all the physical properties of peanut fruits, except the surface/volume ratio that have their values increased with the moisture content reduction. The circularity as sphericity of the peanut fruit values was reduced during the drying process.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se comparar por meio do Fator de Bayes (FB), modelos para estimar componentes de covariância, parâmetros genéticos e valores genéticos para os pesos ajustados aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade em animais da raça Tabapuã, criados a pasto no Nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas informações de 26.838 animais no período entre 1975 a 2007 provenientes do controle de desenvolvimento ponderal da Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ). Os componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pela abordagem bayesiana em análises uni e bicaracterísticas utilizando-se o programa GIBBS3F90. O modelo completo proporcionou melhor ajuste para a estimativa dos parâmetros genéticos para as características P205 e P365. Quanto à característica P550, o modelo que proporcionou o melhor ajuste foi o que não incluiu o efeito de ambiente permanente. As tendências genéticas de efeito direto foram significativas para as características P205, P365 e P550, correspondendo a incrementos de 2,67 kg, 7,35 kg e 8,32 kg, respectivamente, durante os 32 anos avaliados. As tendências fenotípicas foram significativas apenas para as características P205 e P365, correspondendo a incrementos de 26,82 kg e 22,42 kg, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre o peso aos 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade foram de alta magnitude (P205P365=0,90; P205P550=0,90 e P365P550=0,98), podendo-se obter ganhos genéticos via resposta correlacionada para os pesos aos 365 e 550 dias de idade ao selecionar o P205. | ABSTRACT: The objective was to compare models by Bayes factor (BF) to estimate the (co)variance components, genetic parameters and genetic values for the adjusted weights at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of age in Tabapuã animals reared on pasture in the Brazilian Northeast. Information about 26,838 cattle born in the period from 1975 to 2007 originally from the weight-development-control system of the Brazilian Association of Zebu Farmers (Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu, ABCZ) was used. The (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the Bayesian approach, in single- and two-trait analysis, using the GIBBS3F90 software. The full model provided the best fit to estimate the breeding value for W205 and W365 characteristics parameters. For trait W550, the model that provided the best fit was the one that did not include the effect of permanent environment. Genetic trends of direct effect were significant for the W205, W365 and W550 features, corresponding to increments of 2.67 kg, 7.35 kg and 8.32 kg, respectively, during the 32 years evaluated. Phenotypic trends were significant only for W205 and W365 characteristics corresponding to increments of 26.82 kg and 22.42 kg, respectively. The genetic correlations between weight at 205, 365 and 550 days of age were of high magnitude (P205P365 = 0.90, = 0.90 and P205P550 P365P550 = 0.98); you can obtain genetic gains via correlated response to the weights at 365 and 550 days old when selecting for W205.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and the intrinsic growth rate (rm) of Euseius concordis on Tetranychus bastosi on physic nut (Jatropha curcas). The experiment was conducted in incubator BOD at 25 ° C and 70 % RH, with 12h photoperiod environment. The evaluations were performed twice daily for the biology of the mite, and once to the reproductive parameters. The average life cycle of fe-males was 6.3 ± 0.14 days and the males of 6.22 ± 0.14 days. The sex ratio was 0.64, and the average longevi-ty of females was 22.6 ± 2.22 days with an average production of 7,42 eggs per female. The parameters of the life table were obtained : net reproductive rate (Ro), 54,9 individuals ; average length of generations (T) , 7,77 days; intrinsic growth rate (rm), 0,22 female per female per day; finite rate of increase (λ), 1,24 female per fe-male; and in population doubling time (TD), 3,16 days. The E. concordis mite has developed satisfactorily when created with T. diet bastosi, with the short development cycle.

The scarcity of the water resources has been becoming an aggravating factor in irrigation of agricultural crops, with that the utilization of treated wastewater arises as a viable alternative to meeting that demand. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of wastewater, on growth vari-ables and yield of cotton plants. The research was conducted at Experimental Station of Biological Treatments Sanitary Sewage – EXTRABES, in the city of Campina Grande – PB, in completely randomized design with five treatments and four repetitions. When the treatment 1 (T1) – consisted of irrigation with water refueling coming from CAGEPA; the treatment 2 (T2) – irrigation with effluent coming from the UASB reactor; the treatment 3 (T3) – irrigated with effluent coming from the series of filter; the treatment 4 (T4) – irrigated with effluent coming from the anaerobic filter; the treatment 5 (T5) – irrigated with effluent coming from the ponds of macrophytes. The incremented sodium content in soil at the end of the experiment was 812.9% afforded by irrigation with wastewater coming from the UASB reactor. The application of wastewater through irrigation in cotton culture coming from the UASB reactor and filter in series have increased the concentrations of phospho-rus, potash and organic matter in surface soil layer.

In order study the different management techniques stakes pomegranate 'Wonderful' for vegeta-tive propagation in the dry and rainy season, in the semiarid region of Paraiba. The survey was conducted in the greenhouse, in the Campus Center of Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the City of Pombal-PB, Brazil. There were two experiments, one in the dry season, which com-prised from August to December 2012 (Experiment I), and another in the rainy season, from January to June 2013 (Experiment II). Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four repli-cations and five plants per replication. To monitor the growth and physiology of the plant was adopted factorial consisting of two factors, managements of cuttings (cuttings with leaves, cuttings without leaves and cuttings without leaves more base incision) in function evaluation times (Days after planting). The propagation material was purchased from commercial plants and cuttings of softwood type. The samples were standardized by size, standard length 15 cm. The management of the cuttings leafless more incision in the base is most suitable for the propagation of pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The management of the cuttings with leaves is not suitable for the propagation of the pomegranate 'Wonderful', in the dry season. The rainy season is the ideal time for the pro-duction of seedlings of the pomegranate 'Wonderful'. The ideal time to obtain saplings of pomegranate 'Wonderful' is 144 days after planting the cuttings.

Deficiency of micronutrients is increasing in the recent years in cropping systems in many parts of the world and cover crops are important components of cropping systems. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) use efficiency in 14 tropical leg-ume cover crops grown on an Oxisol. The P levels used were low (0 mg kg-1), medium (100 mg kg-1) and high (200 mg kg-1). The P X cover crops interactions were significant for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn use efficiency (tops dry weight/unit nutrient uptake). Hence, cover crop species varied in nutrient use efficiency with change in P levels. The micronutrient use efficiency was in the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Fe. Higher Cu use efficiency was associated with lower uptake of this element, in the cover crop tops compared to other micronutrients. Similar-ly, lower efficiency of Fe and Mn was associated with their higher uptake in the tops of cover crops. Overall, Cu and Mn use efficiency was decreased when P level was raised from low to medium level and then it was constant. Iron use efficiency was increased with increasing P level but Zn use efficiency was constant with the addition of P fertilizer

There is great genetic diversity of rambutan plants, thus, to establish commercial orchards cul-ture, it is recommended the use of plants vegetatively propagated. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the best method of grafting, graft protection and type of rootstock for its propagation. The experiment was re-peated in two seasons (autumn/winter and spring/summer). The experimental design was completely random-ized in both experiments, with four replicates, each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants analyzed in a 4x2x2 factorial with four types of grafting (whip graft-WG; cleft graft –CG; wedge graft-WG; and inverted wedge graft-IWG;), 2 types of graft protection (Biodegradable and plastic) and 2 types of rootstock (without or with leaves). The variables analyzed in this study were: percentage of grafting success, number and length of buds (cm). For grafting performed in autumn / winter, both by cleft grafting as whip graft with biodegradable strip and rootstock leafless provided the best results in propagation of rambutan tree. The best results were ob-served during the autumn / winter.

Several factors are involved in the formation of soil aggregates, specially chemical, physical and biological origin. The glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is one of the substances associated with soil aggregation. The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of soil organic carbon and glomalin in different vegetation types in Caatinga biome in Araripe plateau - Ceará state, and verify the relationship with aggregate stability and seasonality. Soil samples were carried out in dry and rainy seasons, in three vegetation types (Brejo de altitude, Carrasco and Cerradão) in Araripe National Forest to determine the water stability aggregate, soil total carbon, particulate carbon and glomalin. Seasonality effect was observed in the levels of easily extractable glomalin, suggesting that this fraction of glomalin is more sensitive to seasonal variations. The highest correlations were observed between the variables soil carbon and both fractions of glomalin, indicating that the protein produced by AMF is directly related to the amount of carbon, in addition to being an important component in soil aggregation of the Araripe.

Chemical composition, energy values, digestibility coefficients and the values of true amino acid of eight different deactivated full-fat soybeans were determined. The total excreta collecting method was used to determine the energy values, where 180 broiler chicken, aging 21 days, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with nine treatments (eight soybeans and one reference diet), four replicates, and five birds per experimental unit. The method of “forced feeding” was used to determine the digestibility coefficients, where 40 cecectomized roosters were distributed in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments, five replicates and one rooster per experimental unit five cockerels were fasted to determine endogenous losses. The values for apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn), and coefficients of metab-olizability (CAME and CAMEn) for the soybean, ranged respectively, from 3.191 to 4.242 kcal/kg, 2.953 to 3.906 kcal/kg, 64.85 to 80.42% and 60.00 to 74.07%. The average values of true digestibility coefficients of essential and nonessential amino acids from soybeans evaluated ranged from 79.74 to 93.08% and from 78.33 to 91.85%, respectively. The soybean one (deactivated organic) showed the lowest digestible coefficients com-paring to the others (obtained commercially), probably due to a subprocess, confirmed by the urease activity of 0.32.