Black rot of pineapple, caused by Chalara paradoxa, is a postharvest disease responsible by high losses on fruits destined to the fresh market and to the processing industry. The work had as objective to evaluate influence of naturals extracts, fungicide and resistance inducer for C. paradoxa control, isolated from pineapple fruits. It was observed action of resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-metil, fungicide mancozeb and the natural extracts of Anadenanthera colubrine, Anacardium occidentale, Ocimum minimum and Momordica charantia, on inhibition of C. paradoxa growth in vitro. It was transferred 25 -L of each treatment for a hole on center of Petri dishes with PDA and was placed a fungus disk on it. Evaluations were carried out every 24 hours, for seven days. For evaluation of conidia production, 20 mL of distilled sterilized water were added ineach Petri dish with fungus colony for obtaining conidia suspension and, concentration was verified in Neubauer chamber. Thirty five pineapple fruits, var. Smooth Cayenne were inoculated with C. paradoxa and incubated in humid chamber for 24 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized with averages compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. The treatments were able to reduce mycelial growth and sporulation under the conditions studied. The minor effects of the disease on the fruits of pineapple were observed with the Ocimum minimum extract and mancozeb. The fungicide mancozeb and Ocimum minimum extract influenced the control of C. paradoxa.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a uniformidade de aplicação de efluente de três sistemas de irrigação abastecidos com diferentes características de esgoto doméstico do condomínio residencial Bosque Acamari, em Viçosa-MG. O experimento foi realizado em área de pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa-MG. Montaram-se três sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento, abastecidos com esgoto doméstico preliminar (EDP), esgoto de tratamento secundário (EDS) e esgoto de tratamento terciário (EDT). Cada sistema de irrigação foi composto por filtro de discos e gotejadores não autocompensantes com vazão nominalde 1,7 L h-1. A uniformidade de aplicação de efluente foi obtida a cada 100 h, totalizando 500 h de operação, com os Coeficientes de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e de Uniformidade Estatística (Us). Foram realizadas determinações físico-químicas e microbiológicas nos esgotos domésticos. Conclui-se que as características ferro total e coliformes totais representam risco severo de obstrução para gotejadores abastecidos com EDP, EDS e EDT, enquanto para as características manganês total, magnésio e cálcio tal risco é baixo. A formação de biofilme de sólidos suspensos e bactérias foi a principal causa de obstrução de gotejadores. Os valores de CUD e Us apresentaram, após 500 h de operação, redução de 61 e 54%; 27 e 24%; e 57 e 59%, respectivamente, para os sistemas de irrigação abastecidos com EDP, EDS e EDT.

O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar e propor a ferramenta da análise de imagem de alta resolução, para os gestores públicos, no monitoramento e observação do sucesso de recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) obter os dados de índice de área foliar (IAF) e abertura de dossel em campo, ii) calcular a relação entre o IAF e a abertura de dossel mensurados em campo, iii) estimar a abertura de dossel através de imagem de alta resolução QuickBird, iv) aplicar a relação dos dados mensurados em campo para se obter os valores de IAF através da imagem, e v) realizar a análise de resíduos dos dados obtidos em campo com os obtidos na imagem, de doze espécies monitoradas no Parque Olhos Ecológico e de Uso Múltiplo D´água. As estimativas da abertura de dossel e do índice de área foliar em doze espécies de Cerrado, utilizando imagens de alta resolução mostraram-se eficazes, tanto pelo erro tolerável obtido (6,9%) a partir dos modelos, quanto pela praticidade que a imagem fornece: atende uma área maior e em uma escala temporal, sendo eficientes para avaliação da execução de projetos de revegetação.

This research aimed at evaluating the effect of the semiarid climatic conditions on the physiological behavior of F1 Saanen x Boer crossbred goats, created at an intensive system. The experiment was carried out in the Health and Rural Technology Center, in the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the town of Patos, Paraiba. Twenty-four animals were used, with ages varying between three and four months, being 12 females and 12 males, weaned and prevented against worms, receiving ad libitum water and controlled concentrateand roughage. The environmental variables were checked inside and outside the experiment place, as well as the physiological variables of all animals. Except for the humid bulb temperature, the variance analysis revealed shift effect (P<0.05) for all environmental variables. There was merely shift effect (P<0.05) for Cardiac Frequency and Rectal Temperature, and the averages of both, in the afternoon, overcame those observed in the morning. The obtained results based on the studied physiological and environmental variables conclude that crossbred goats, resulting of Boer (paternal) and Saanen (maternal), present a good resistance to heat, permitting their indication for the meat production in confinement on semiarid conditions.

This paper aimed to analyze the flow rate drippers of three sets supplied with different qualities of domestic sewage from condominium Bosque Acamari in Viçosa-MG. The experiment was accomplished in experimental area of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa-MG. Three sets of drip irrigation were mounted and supplied with preliminary sewage (EDP), secondary sewage (EDS) and tertiary sewage (EDT). Each irrigation set consisted of filter discs and non self-compensating emitters with nominal flow of 1.7 L h-1. The flow rate of drippers was obtained in 100 hours, totaling 500 hours of operation. Were accomplished physico- chemical and microbiological analysis in domestic sewage. Conclude that the presence of total coliforms and iron in domestic sewage confer severe risk of clogging the emitters. The chemical characteristics manganese, magnesium and calcium represent low risk of clogging the emitters. The EDP and EDT sewage caused high reductions in the emitter discharge in relation to EDS, due to higher concentration of suspended solids that interacted with the bacterial slimes.

Substrates containing 0, 10, 20, and 40% (v/v) of urban waste compost were evaluated for the production of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) seedlings in polytube containers. At 40 days after planting, growth characteristics and macro nutrient content in shoot were determined. The urban waste compost added to the substrate promoted increase in Jatropha plants growth. The maximum growth was obtained with the estimated dose of 24% of compost mixed with subsoil material. Increments in the dose of compost caused linear increase in K, Mg, and S shoot content, but N and Ca contents were reduced by dilution, as the shoot dry mass increased more than the uptake of those nutrients.

Among the factors that affect the production of coffee distinguishes itself by its high nitrogen demand. The aim of the current paper was to evaluate the productivity of coffee plants, the leaf N level critical stages of grain maturation and export of N, depending on the nitrogen, in order to optimize its recommendation. The experiment was performed in Garanhuns - PE, in a plantation crop. The experimental design was completely used with six treatments (0; 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 kg ha-1 of N) and four replications. The productivity with the maximum economic efficiency was of 54 bags for hectare of benefited coffee for an application of 196.43 kg ha-1 of N, which represented a decrease of 41.85% in nitrogen. The critical nitrogen ranged from the filling phase to maturity, and their values, from 25.72 to 27.19 g kg-1 and 29.24 to 29.6 g kg-1. For a dose of 328.62 kg ha-1 of N, it was the largest export of this element by the fruit that was 204.31 kg ha-1 of N.

Faced with the need for conservation of water resources it is necessary to better irrigation management. The objective of this research was to analyse the water requirement in Pernambuco State, Brazil, represented by the evapotranspiration reference (ET0), in diferents regimes annuals of precipitation: rainfall, regular and dry. The ET0 values were estimated through the Thornthwaite e Mather (1955) method starting from data originated by the registration of 45 climatological stations of the SUDENE (Superintendence of Northeast Development). In general, the results showed that the ET0 were variable on the three Mesoregion, reaching medium values from 915 to 1.549 mm year-¹. The Pernambuco State presents an annual water deficit in approximately70% of its total area. The months that presented the greatest and smallest water requirements in the State were January and July, respectively. The knowledge of spacial and temporal distribuition of ETo on Mesoregions of Pernambuco bring benefits to producers who can make water management more suited to local crops.

This study was carried out in a mixed orchard in the municipality of Belmonte, in the southernmost region of Bahia and it aimed at characterizing the fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) population using faunistic analysis and studying its population fluctuation. The study was conducted from August 2007 to August 2009. Fruit fly captures were carried out using McPhail traps baited with protein hydrolisate at 5%. Weekly, the captured insects found in traps were transferred to plastic vials, one vial per trap, filled with 70% ethanol and taken to the laboratory for identification. A total of 9,709 fruit flies was captured, out of which 9,477 specimens were Anastrepha (5,908 females and 3,569 males) and 232 specimens were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (201 females and 31 males). Nine species of Anastrepha were recorded: Anastrepha bahiensis (Lima) (2.59%), Anastrepha distincta (Greene) (2.71%), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (59.37%), Anastrepha leptozona (Hendel) (0.02%), Anastrepha manihoti (Lima) (0.02%), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (2.98%), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (0.07%), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi (29.14%), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (0.22%), and C. capitata (2.88%). Anastrepha fraterculus and A. sororcula were the dominant species and only A. fraterculus was constant on the orchard. The values of the Simpson (0.51) and of Shannon (01.35) indices were intermediate and the modified Hill index was 0.49, indicating a medium diversity. The high est capturevalues of Anastrepha spp. occurred from July to December 2008, with a population peak in September.

We studied the spatial distribution of a galling insect species that induces galls on the leaf veins of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) trees. Galls/leaflet predominantly occurred at the northern (1.06) tree slope, with decreasing number at the western (0.92), eastern (0.65), and southern (0.60) slopes. Higher number of galls/leaflet were found in the interior of the tree crown, i.e., on the proximal region (1.99) of the stems compared to the terminal portion (1.26). On the other hand, the average number of vein galls/leaflet did not differ statistically among the three leaflets of C. brasiliense (right = 0.79, central = 0.78, left = 0.84). Galls/leaflet were most abundant on the distal (0.46) and median (0.52) regions compared to the proximal (0.24) longitudinal region of the leaflet. This gall/leaflet insect was most frequent on the central (1.01) portion than in the leaf margin (0.05) or near mid vein (0.14) on transversal regions of a leaflet. Keywords: Savanna. Insect distribution. Leaf galls. Brazil.We studied the spatial distribution of a galling insect species that induces galls on the leaf veins of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) trees. Galls/leaflet predominantly occurred at the northern (1.06) tree slope, with decreasing number at the western (0.92), eastern (0.65), and southern (0.60) slopes. Higher number of galls/leaflet were found in the interior of the tree crown, i.e., on the proximal region (1.99) of the stems compared to the terminal portion (1.26). On the other hand, the average number of vein galls/leaflet did not differ statistically among the three leaflets of C. brasiliense (right = 0.79, central = 0.78, left = 0.84). Galls/leaflet were most abundant on the distal (0.46) and median (0.52) regions compared to the proximal (0.24) longitudinal region of the leaflet. This gall/leaflet insect was most frequent on the central (1.01) portion than in the leaf margin (0.05) or near mid vein (0.14) on transversal regions of a leaflet. Keywords: Savanna. Insect distribution. Leaf galls. Brazil.We studied the spatial distribution of a galling insect species that induces galls on the leaf veins of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) trees. Galls/leaflet predominantly occurred at the northern (1.06) tree slope, with decreasing number at the western (0.92), eastern (0.65), and southern (0.60) slopes. Higher number of galls/leaflet were found in the interior of the tree crown, i.e., on the proximal region (1.99) of the stems compared to the terminal portion (1.26). On the other hand, the average number of vein galls/leafletdid not differ statistically among the three leaflets of C. brasiliense (right = 0.79, central = 0.78, left = 0.84). Galls/leaflet were most abundant on the distal (0.46) and median (0.52) regions compared to the proximal (0.24) longitudinal region of the leaflet. This gall/leaflet insect was most frequent on the central (1.01) portion than in the leaf margin (0.05) or near mid vein (0.14) on transversal regions of a leaflet.