The fungi entomopathogenic are actually objects of works according to their importance in the ecological system. This work analysed the persistence of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae and M. anisopliae var. acridum, under different conditions of temperature and humidity, in the period of September to December. After inoculation on soil the fungi were submitted to four different treatments: environment temperature and 25% of humidity; environment temperature and 75% of humidity; 28º C and 25% of humidity; 28º C and 75% of humidity, during 120 days. The results show that M. anisiopliac var. anisopliae presented the most recuperation in the treatment at 28º C and 75% of humidity (P > 0,05) in 30 days and maintained a positive conditions on soil for 120 days of experiment. The same did not happen to M. anisopliae var. acridum that, during the whole process of observation and controll the colonies recuperation avoiding its persistence on soil, during the 120 days of experiment.

Cordia oncocalyx is abundant among the woody community, nevertheless it presents low density on the soil seed bank. Our hypothesis is that C. oncocalyx presents higher fruit density in areas with higher adult density, once it¿s fruit, although proper for wind dispersal, but not being dispersed though long distances. The low density, result of unproper sample size and methodology used during analyses. To test these hypothesis, a caatinga area was selected in the end of the dry season a hectare was chosen and in it¿s inside thirty 100 m2 squares were selected to count the adult trees and thirty 1m2 squares to count the fruit bank among the leaf litter. Our results showed a fruit density of 67,5 ± 90,17 fruits/m2 and 2 ± 2 trees/100m2. The predation rate was 20%, value similar to the ones found in arid and semiarid systems. A positive correlation was found between the adult tree density and i) the fruit density (rs = 0,5836, p < 0,05) and ii) the proportion of predated fruits (rs = 0,3665 , p < 0,05). The seed density was higher than the ones found in previous studies. Nevertheless, these results agregad dispersal and seed density estimate method.

The objective of this work was to evaluate to the sowing time of the Brachiaria brizantha forage intercrop with two upland rice cultivars on the agronomics characteristics of both species. It was used randomized blocks in experimental design arranged in factorial scheme 2x2+4, with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by the upland rice cultivars (BRS Primavera e BRSMG Curinga) and the second factor by two sowing times of B. brizantha forage (simultaneous sowing between rice and forage and sowing of the forage in the flowering of the rice). The additional treatments consisted of the sole crops upland rice cultivars and B. brizantha forage for each sowing time. In rice was evaluated the height of the plants, bedding, difficulty of the harvest, the number of panicles per area, grain per panicles, percentage of full and empty grains, 100-grain mass and grain yield. In the B. brizantha forage was evaluated the height of the tillers, the total dry mass and the rate of cultural growth. It was observed that the B. brizantha forage interfered in the productivity components of both upland rice cultivars and difficult significantly the harvest of the rice. The upland rice cultivars showed small competitive capacity with the B. brizantha forage when the establishment of the forage occurred simultaneously to the rice. However, to the measure that the sowing was occurred with the established rice already, the B. brizantha forage had his growth suppressed.

To contribute to knowledge about plants of nutritional importance the work aims to study the motion of absorption of nutrients in lettuce in hydroponic system. Set up an experiment in Fazenda Canto Verde, Mossoró, RN, in the design in randomized blocks with four replicates and treatments were made by the six times of sampling: 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT). We evaluated the production of fresh and dry weight of shoot, focus and content of macronutrients accumulated over time. The cultivar received 5.12 kg m-2 yield. In terms of concentration of nutrients in the shoot, the nutrients N, P and K showed levels consistent with the literature cited, and the potassium in the nutrient most obviously during the cycle, giving behavior in the concentration over the cycle, so cube. The content of nutrients (mg plant-1) had high value for potassium (641.7 mg plant-1), below normal for phosphorus (31.9 mg plant-1) and according to the literature for nitrogen (295.4 mg plant-1).

The present work had as objective to evaluate the influence of pre-germinatives treatments to overcome dormancy in seeds of albizia (Albizia lebbeck) with different colorations. It took place an experiment at greenhouse UFERSA, in Mossoró-RN, in completely randomized design with the treatments distributed in outline factorial 8x2, with the factors treatments for pre-germination and classes of seeds (clear seeds and dark seeds), in four replications of 25 seeds. The germinative pré-germinative consisted either in the immersion of the seeds in sulfuric acid for ten, 15 and 20 minutes; immersion in sodium hypochlorite for ten, 15 and 20 minutes; cutting in the tegument in the opposite side of the embryonic axis and the control (the control was represented by intact seeds). Were analyzed the following parameters: first germination count, germination speed index, and percentage of germination. . By considering the results, it was observed that the dark seeds were better than clear seed. The immersion treatments in sulfuric acid for 10 and 20 minutes and the cutting in the tegument were the most efficient for the break of seeds dormancy.

Honey samples produced in Limoeiro do Norte, state of Ceará, were stored during 180 days in two types of container, plastic and metallic, and its characteristics were monitored during the storage period by means of moisture content, HMF, reducers sugars, apparent sucrose, ash, free acidity, insoluble solids in water, diastatic activity, pH and oBrix. Moisture and free acidity have been determined matching the methodology recommended by AOAC. HMF, reducers sugars and apparent sucrose have been determined by LANARA methodology. Ash, insoluble solids in water have been determined according to CAC. The experimental data were appraised through factorial analysis 2 x 7 (two packings and seven times of storage 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The analyses of the stored samples lead to the conclusion that the physical chemical variables have matched the standards established by the effective legislation, except for HMF, which after 180 days of storage revealed values superior to those demanded by the brazilian legislation for both types of containers. The plastic container provided a better conservation of the honey as for the HMF content.

Cotton seeds require special care during storage to maintain their physiological and sanitary quality. The present work evaluated the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of three varieties of herbaceous cotton stored for three (Lot 1) and twelve months (Lot 2). Analyses were performed in the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Areia-PB, and included tests for: emergence (E), vigor (IVE), green weight (PV), dry weight (PS) and the "Blotter test". Tests for physiological quality were performed in a randomized manner using a (3x2) factorial scheme, with four replicates with 25 seeds. Data on sanitary quality are presented according to the fungus index expressed as percentages. Seeds of the varieties CNPA 7H and BRS Verde demonstrated good levels of emergence after up to 12 months of storage, while seeds of the variety BRS Verde initially demonstrated dormancy, although this was overcome during storage. The fungus most commonly observed among the seed varieties in both storage lots was Rhizopus sp. The variety Aroeira do Sertão demonstrated the greatest incidence and variety of fungal species, a large majority of which were classified as storage fungi.

The production of shifts sweet passion fruit tree (Passiflora alata Curtis) is hampered by the presence of soils that, sometimes, doesn¿t tend to nutritional demand of the plant, needing, then, fertilization. The application of Arbuscular Mycchorizic Fungus (AMF) is a way to available this nutrients in the soil. It can take to a reduction of time of the shifts in vegetation house anticipating the transplantation for the field, increasing the growth, developing the biomass of the plant and the production of fruits of quality. The aim of this work was to analyze the growth of the shifts of sweet passion fruit according to the levels of concentration of this innoculus. The experiment was conducted in casualty entirely lineation (CEL) with factorial arrangement of 2 x 4, as: 2 innoculation treatments (Gigaspora albida Schenck & Smith and Scutellospora heterograma Nicolson & Gerdemann) x 4 levels of innoculation (without innoculus = WN/I 100 spores = N1, 200 spores = N2 and 300 spores = N3) whit 5 repetitions. In each 30 days after the innoculation were measured the height, stem diameter and number of leaves. After harvest (90 days) also were evaluated: leaf area, fresh and dry biomass of the air and radicular part, colonization of roots and density of spores of Arbuscular Mycchorizic Fungus. Plants of sweet passion fruit showed high Mycchorizic dependence when innoculated with Gigaspora albida, this fungus proportioned in the plants of sweet passion fruit better answers in relation to the evaluated parameters.

The objectives of this research were synthesize and characterize the allelopatic activity of 6a,7bdi-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-oic acid derivatives, isolated from seeds of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth (Leguminosae). The compound characterization processes involve in infrared spectrometry (IR) and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) including experiments in double dimensions (COSY 1H 1H, HMQC and HMBC). Allellopathic effects were evaluated by bioassays, carried out at controlled 25 °C temperature and photoperiod (12h light/12h dark), during 72 hours. Sample concentrations of 1,0, 100,0 and 1000,0 mg.L-1 were tested. Senna occidentalis (fedegoso) and Acanthospermum australe (carrapichinho) were used as the target weed plants. Was observed that the allelopatic effect of the compounds increased as a function of the enhancement of concentration, thus showing a relation dose dependence. The N-ethyl-6a-acethoxy- 7b-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-amide and N,N-diethyl-6a-acethoxy-7b-hydroxyvouacapan 17b-amide were the derivatives that present the biggest inhibitory effect on seed germination and root growth of fedegoso and carrapichinho. Therefore, these compounds represent the most allelochemical potential against these weeds.

The controlled deterioration test has frequently been used to evaluate the vigor of several species and could be an alternative for evaluation of the vigor in jilo seeds. The objective of the present work was to study the controlled deterioration to evaluate the physiological quality of jilo seeds. Five seed lots, cv. Verde Claro Comprido, were submitted to tests of germination, germination first count, seedling emergence and deterioration (19%, 21% and 24% water content, at 45ºC and 24 and 48 hour periods). The 24% water/24h at 45ºC combination, for the controlled deterioration test, was efficient to detect vigor differences among jilo seed lots.