RESUMO Com o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade para o rendimento de grãos de híbridos de milho cultivados em três épocas de semeadura no Município de Ceres, no bioma Cerrado em Goiás. A pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Experimental do IF Goiano Campus Ceres. A adubação de semeadura foi de 20 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, 150 kg ha-1 de fósforo e 80 kg ha-1 de potássio (fórmula 04-30-16). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. Avaliou-se dez híbridos (Truck, Fórmula, P30F53, P3646H, P30F35H, AGN 30A77H, AGN 30A37H, AG 8088PRO, DKB 390 e DKB Bi9440) em três épocas de semeadura (18/11/2011, 31/01/2012 e 20/02/2012) com três repetições. As colheitas foram realizadas em 04/04/2012, 10/06/2012 e 01/07/2012. Avaliou-se a produtividade e realizou a análise gráfica dos híbridos e épocas de semeadura para avaliar a estabilidade e adaptabilidade. Ocorreu efeito significativo para a interação híbridos x épocas de semeadura. Este resultado indica que o melhor híbrido em um ambiente não necessariamente será o melhor em outro. Pode-se inferir que o déficit hídrico e a variabilidade genética dos híbridos resultaram em comportamentos diferentes conforme se alterou a época de semeadura. Com os gráficos bidimensionais obtidos pela técnica GGE Biplot observou que o híbrido AGN 30A77H tem maior adaptabilidade ás épocas 18/11/2011 e 31/01/2012, seguido pelo híbrido Fórmula. E o híbrido P30F35H teve maior adaptabilidade a época 20/02/2012. | ABSTRACT The current study aimed to assess adaptability and stability of corn hybrids regarding grain yields when sown in three different seasons in the Brazilian cerrado. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the IF Goiano, campus in Ceres - GO. Pre-sowing fertilization was made with 20 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, 150 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 80 kg ha-1 of potassium (04-30-16 formulation). Data were analyzed in a random block experimental design. We assessed tem corn hybrids (Truck, Fórmula, P30F53, P3646H, P30F35H, AGN 30A77H, AGN 30A37H, AG 8088PRO, DKB 390 and DKB Bi9440) in three sowing seasons (Nov. 18, 2011; Jan. 31, 2012 and Feb. 20, 2012) with three replications. Harvests were held on Apr. 4, 2012; Jun. 10, 2012 and Jul. 1, 2012. Each hybrid was assessed on yielding; and a graphical analysis was made to contrast hybrids and sowing seasons regarding stability and adaptability. Results showed a significant effect of the interaction between hybrids and sowing times. Therefore, we may state that the best hybrid in an environment would not be necessarily good in another. Thereby, we can infer that drought and corn genetic variability have diverse behaviors in each season. Over the two-dimensional graphics generated by GGE Biplot method, we observed an increased adaptability of AGN 30A77H when sown on Nov. 18, 2011 and on Jan. 31, 2012, followed by Fórmula; however, for P30F35H, it was on Feb. 20, 2012.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the growth and agro-industrial productivity of sugarcane varieties subjected to different irrigation levels in the county of Penápolis - São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with a factorial arrangement of 2 × 7 (two cultivars of sugarcane: RB965902 and RB855453, at seven irrigation levels: L0 = 0%, L1 = 25%, L2 = 50%, L3 = 75%, L4 = 100, L5 = 125% e L6 = 150% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) with four replicates. The irrigation system was a subsurface drip at a flow rate of 1.4 Lh-1. The variables evaluated were tillering, culm length, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter, and industrial productivity. The maximum number of plants per linear meter was 30 for variety RB965902 at 100% ETc, and 29 for variety RB855453 at 125% of ETc. Maximum tillering occurred at 120 and 150 days after planting (DAP) for RB965902 and RB855453, respectively. The maximum LAI of BR965902 was 9.57 at 210 DAP and 9.81 at 201 DAP for the RB855453 variety. The RB855453 variety produced an average of 178.93 t ha-1 with irrigation and 164.81 t ha-1 without, while the variety RB965902 produced 164.08 t ha-1 and 154.61 t ha-1 with and without irrigation, respectively. At harvest, the total recoverable sugars (TRS) were 129.62 kg t-1 for RB965902 and 131.63 kg t-1 for RB855443. The RB855453 variety produced on average 14.19 t ha-1 more than the RB965902 variety. | RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade agroindustrial de variedades de cana-planta submetidas a lâminas de irrigação no município de Penápolis - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo fatorial de 2 x 7 (duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB965902 e RB855453 e sete lâminas de irrigação: L0 = 0%, L1 = 25%, L2 = 50%, L3 = 75%, L4 = 100, L5 = 125% e L6 = 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e quatro repetições. O sistema de irrigação foi gotejamento subsuperficial com emissores de 1,40 L h-1. As variáveis avaliadas foram: perfilhamento, altura de plantas, índice de área foliar (IAF) e produtividade agroindustrial. O número máximo de plantas por metro linear foi 30 para variedade RB965902 com 100% e 29 para a RB855453 com 125% da ETc. O perfilhamento máximo ocorreu aos 120 e 150 dias após o plantio (DAP) na RB965902 e RB855453, respectivamente. O IAF máximo da RB965902 foi 9,57 aos 210 DAP e 9,81 aos 240 DAP para a RB855453. A variedade RB855453 irrigada produziu em média 178,93 t ha-1 e 164,81 t ha-1 em sequeiro, enquanto a variedade RB965902 produziu 164,08t ha-1 e 154,61 t ha-1em cultivo irrigado e sequeiro, respectivamente. Na colheita, o total de açúcares recuperáveis (ATR) foi 129,62 kg t-1 na RB965902 e 131,63 kg t-1 na RB855443. A variedade RB855453 produziu em média 14,19 t ha-1 a mais do que a RB965902.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the production components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) subjected to irrigation with brackish water and different leaching fractions. The experiment was conducted in a lysimeter system of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife campus. The treatments, consisting of two water salinity levels (ECw) (1.2 and 3.3 dS m-1) and five leaching fractions (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%), were evaluated using a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement with four replications. The variables evaluated were: number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, number of grains per pod, grain and shoot dry weight, grain yield and harvest index. The soil salinity increased with increasing salinity of the water used for irrigation, and reduced with increasing leaching fraction. The salinity of the water used for irrigation influenced only the variables number of pods per plant and grain yield. The estimated leaching fractions of 9.1% and 9.6% inhibited the damage caused by salinity on the number of pods per plant and grain yield, respectively. Therefore, the production of V. unguiculata irrigated with brackish water, leaching salts from the plant root environment, is possible under the conditions evaluated. | RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os componentes de produção do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) submetido à irrigação com água salobra e frações de lixiviação. O estudo foi conduzido em sistema de lisimetria no Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Recife. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de salinidade da água (CEa - 1,2 e 3,3 dS m-1) e de cinco frações de lixiviação (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de vagens por planta, massa de 100 grãos, número de grãos por vagem, biomassa seca de grãos e da parte aérea, produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. A salinidade do solo aumentou com a salinidade da água de irrigação, mas foi reduzida com a fração de lixiviação. Exceto o número de vagens por planta e a produtividade de grãos, as demais variáveis não foram influenciadas pelas salinidades da água de irrigação. As frações de lixiviação estimadas de 9,1 e 9,6% inibem os danos provocados pela salinidade sobre o número de vagens por planta e produtividade de grãos, respectivamente. Nas condições estudadas, é possível se produzir feijão-caupi irrigado com água salobra sob lixiviação de sais do ambiente radicular das plantas.

ABSTRACT Mixed infections in cucurbits are frequently observed in natural conditions between viruses from the Potyvirus genus and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which significantly decreases productivity. The objectives of the present study was to compare the host range of PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV isolates and evaluate the effects of mixed infections with CMV in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). Host range studies comprising 23 plant species confirmed some similarities and biological differences among the isolates of PRSV-W, ZYMV, and WMV. RT-PCR confirmed the amplification of DNA fragments of the PRSV-W, WMV, and ZYMV coat protein gene (cp) and cytoplasm inclusion gene (ci). The virus interaction studies in zucchini Caserta plants indicated synergistic interactions, particularly among species from the Potyvirus genus, and some CMV interference with some virus combinations. | RESUMO Infecções mistas em cucurbitáceas são observadas com grande frequência em condições naturais entre os vírus do gênero Potyvirus e o Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), reduzindo significativamente a produtividade das culturas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram comparar a gama de hospedeiras de isolados de PRSV-W, WMV e ZYMV e avaliar os efeitos de infecções mistas entre esses isolados e um isolado de CMV em abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo) cv. Caserta. Estudos de gama de plantas hospedeiras, envolvendo 23 espécies vegetais confirmaram similaridades e diferenças biológicas entre PRSV-W, ZYMV e WMV. Estudos moleculares com RT-PCR possibilitaram a amplificação de fragmentos de DNA para as regiões do gene da CP (cp) e do gene da CI (ci) de PRSV-W, WMV e ZYMV. Estudos sobre interação sinérgica entre os vírus do gênero Potyvirus e CMV em abobrinha cv. Caserta evidenciaram efeitos sinérgicos, sobretudo entre as espécies do gênero Potyvirus e interferência do CMV em algumas combinações.

The objective was to compare models by Bayes factor (BF) to estimate the (co)variance compo- nents, genetic parameters and genetic values for the adjusted weights at 205 (W205), 365 (W365) and 550 (W550) days of age in Tabapuã animals reared on pasture in the Brazilian Northeast. Information about 26,838 cattle born in the period from 1975 to 2007 originally from the weight - development - control system of the Bra- zilian Association of Zebu Farmers ( Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu , ABCZ) was used. The (co) variance components and genetic parameters were estimated by the Bayesian approach, in single - and two - trait analysis, using the GIBBS3F90 software. The full model provided the best fit to estimate the breeding value for W205 and W365 characteristics parameters. For trait W550, the model that provided the best fit was the one that did not include the effect of permanent environment. Genetic trends of direct effect were significant for the W205, W365 and W550 features, corresponding to increments of 2.67 kg, 7.35 kg and 8.32 kg, respectively, during the 32 years evaluated. Phenotypic trends were significant only for W205 and W365 characteristics cor- responding to increments of 26.82 kg and 22.42 kg, respectively. The genetic correlations between weight at 205, 365 and 550 days of age were of high magnitude (P205P365 = 0.90, = 0.90 and P205P550 P365P550 = 0.98); you can obtain genetic gains via correlated response to the weights at 365 and 550 days old when select- ing for W205.

The population density is one of the factors that affect the final yield of crops, being easily ma-nipulated by man. The objective was to evaluate the growth of castor bean plants cv BRS Energia in dense pop-ulations through primary data and non-destructive analysis of growth and identify which period greater vegeta-tive growth occurs. We adopted a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications, totaling 20 experimental units. Each experimental unit contained 4 m wide and 6 m in length, representing 24 m². Treatments involving five populations of plants 10.000; 16.666; 25.000; 50.000; 100.000 plants ha-1, with a spacing of 1 m between rows and 1; 0.6; 0.4; 0.2 and 0.1 m between plants, respectively. It was determined: stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and rates absolute and relative leaf growth, of stem diam-eter, of plant height and of fresh biomass epigeal. The castor bean BRS Energia has the highest rates of vegeta-tive increase between 15 and 45 days after emergence. Therefore, it is of great importance, in this period, pro-vide the plant water and nutrient conditions appropriate so that does not compromise on plant development.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial activity and the contribution of light organic matter (LOM) in areas under natural regeneration of the Caatinga, checking the effect of seasonality and turn (daytime and nighttime) about the the release of CO2 from the soil. The experiment was conducted in the mu-nicipality of Santa Terezinha, Paraíba, where four areas were selected: (1) pasture (P), (2) Early Stage (E) of natural regeneration in the last five years, (3) Intermediate Stage (I) regenerating the last 15 years, and (4) Late Stage (L) of approximately 50 years. Microbial activity was determined in the field, monthly in two turns (daytime and nighttime). Respiratory activity in the soil was low in all areas and periods evaluated, with the lowest values for the areas of P and L. The CO2 values tended to be higher in the rainy season when compared to the dry season. The content of LOM was higher in P and E, in the dry season, and did not differ statistically between the areas during the rainy season. All attributes have tended to be influenced by temperature and soil moisture.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is an exotic species, from the Indian Northeast, the Moringaceae family and has significant economic importance, with many applications in industry and medi-cine. This species spreads mainly by seed, so obtaining information on the behavior of different temperature and substrate on germination becomes essential since there is no standardized methodology for installation of the germination test. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the influence of substrate and temperature on germination and vigor of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA). The statistical design was completely randomized in a 5x2 factorial scheme (temperature x substrate), totaling ten treatments with four replicates of 25 seeds. The substrates were tested roll paper and vermiculite. Then the seeds were incubated at room Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C and 20-30 °C alternating with a photoperiod of 8 hours. We evaluated the percentage, the average time and the germination speed index and the shoot length and root and total dry weight of seedlings. The roll paper substrate at temperatures of 25 to 30 °C, as well as vermiculite of 30 °C temperature are the most suitable combinations to evaluate germination and vigor of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from São Luis Island in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 281 blood samples were collected. In total, 275 (97.9%) animals were B. bovis-reactive and B. bigemina reactive in the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The microscopy examination detected 22 (7.8%) animals that were positive for Babesia sp. and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 91 animals (32.38%) and 23 animals (8.18%) were positive for B. bovis and B. bigemina, respectively, while 17 animals (6.04%) were co-infected. There is a high level of transmission of these protozoa in Maranhão, and the animals were naturally exposed. Therefore, it is possible to characterize the island as enzootic stability for babesiosis, indicat-ing a risk of financial losses when susceptible animals are introduced from areas of enzootic instability or free regions of B. bovis and B. bigemina.

Desmanthus is a genus of forage legumes with potential to improve pastures and livestock produc-tion on clay soils of dry tropical and subtropical regions such as the existing in Brazil and Australia. Despite this patterns of natural or enforced after-ripening of Desmanthus seeds have not been well established. Four year old seed banks of nine Desmanthus genotypes at James Cook University were accessed for their patterns of seed softe-ning in response to a range of temperatures. Persistent seed banks were found to exist under all of the studied ge-notypes. The largest seeds banks were found in the genotypes CPI 78373 and CPI 78382 and the smallest in the genotypes CPI’s 37143, 67643, and 83563. An increase in the percentage of softened seeds was correlated with higher temperatures, in two patterns of response: in some accessions seeds were not significantly affected by tempe-ratures below 80º C; and in others, seeds become soft when temperature rose to as little as 60 ºC. At 80 °C the heat started to depress germination. High seed production of Desmanthus associated with dependence of seeds on eleva-ted temperatures to softening can be a very important strategy for plants to survive in dry tropical regions.