Nach der Bestandsaufnahme der tatsachlichen Abwassersituation eines Betriebes und den durchzufuhrenden innerbetrieblichen Massnahmen zur Verringerung der Abwasserbelastung muss die Zielsetzung "eigene Vorreinigung", "Einkauf bei kommunalen Abwasserreinigungsanlagen" oder "Vollreinigung" anhand von Kosten- und Systemvergleichen klar definiert werden. Im ersten Teil werden verschiedene Moglichkeit der Vorreinigung von Abwasser vorgestellt. Dazu zahlen die mechanische Vorbereitung,die biologische Neutralisation sowie die Neutralisation mit Ausgleichsmassnahmen. Fur Abwasser der Mokerei- und Getrankeindustrie eignen sich vor allem anaerobe Vorreinigungsverfahren. Eine anaerobe Biofilteranlage wird beschrieben. Die Systemauswahl richtet sich nach den individuellen Anforderungen des jeweiligen Lebensmittel- und Getrankebetriebs, den spezifischen derzeitigen und zu erwartenden Abwasserkosten, den Zukunftsperspektiven und der Lage des Betriebes.

The food and beverage industry is one of the most water intensive industries. Therefore, an effective and efficient water management, based on eco-system related indicators, is crucial. This study analyzes the connection between indicators that address sustainable water management as a subgroup of ecosystem management and the general corporate social performance of firms. The study explores which water eco-system indicators are used in the food and beverage industry to assess corporate water risk management. Secondly, we analyzed the relationship between corporate water risk management and overall corporate social performance. Based on an analysis of 61 firms in the food and beverage sector, our results suggest that the most used indicators were Operations' Dependency on Freshwater, Change in Water Supply, Use of Water in the Facilities, Collaboration with Communities, and Water Risks for Agricultural Inputs. Indicators addressing an insideout perspective, such as Impacts on Communities were less often used. Furthermore, we found that the firms' general corporate social performance, measured by MSCI KLD-ESG indicators, is a good predictor for their use of water indicators. We conclude that the firms in the sample follow an outside-in approach for their water management activities and that water management is a significant part of corporate social responsibility activities in the sector because the business performance of food and beverage firms is interwoven with their water management activities.

The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has motivated several studies, opening space to provide robust support for the decision-making process. Certain studies seek to understand the interdependence of these three resources in a quantitative and/or qualitative manner, usually using total water, energy, and food indicators. However, in times of social, economic, and environmental crisis, national policies must be optimized, and hence it is necessary to evaluate marginal and critical indicators of each resource, i.e., sensitive indicators. Based on these indicators, we propose a methodology for assessing ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) in industries using a multiregional input-output table, Data Envelopment Analysis, and the Malmquist index, with the main objective of internalizing normally overlooked impacts in the national policymaking process. For this, we present a quantitative assessment of the WEF nexus in the Brazilian food and beverage industry, since it is one of the pillars of the country's economy and has several positive and negative effects related to the WEF nexus, as well as a growth trend to meet rising food demand. From 2015 to 2019, this industry eco-efficiency was evaluated in terms of water stress, fossil energy consumption, and financial compensation to low-skilled workers. The main findings show that the Fish industry has the highest average eco-efficiency, with sustainable gains over the period, while the Meat cattle industry has the lowest average eco-efficiency. As a result, the Fish industry places less strain on these resources to generate the same socioeconomic benefits as others, resulting in less food and water insecurity, and should be prioritized in Brazil's national policies regarding industry expansion. We conclude that this methodology can help integrate WEF resources into national policy decision-making processes, allowing the identification of negative impacts that should be avoided or mitigated, as well as positive impacts that should be encouraged.

EWRI International Conference Jan 5-7, 2010 - Chennai, India. Presented, 7th Jan, 2010 in Poster Session #5. Conference title: '3rd international perspective on current & future state of water resources & the environment'

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of three different food‐grade emulsifiers to form and stabilise an orange oil‐in‐water emulsion. The emulsifier type and concentration had a profound effect on the initial particle size of the oil droplets with Tween 80 being the most effective in reducing the particle size (1% w/w, 1.88 ± 0.01 μm) followed by sodium caseinate (10% w/w, 2.14 ± 0.03 μm) and gum arabic (10% w/w, 4.10 ± 0.24 μm). The long‐term stability of the concentrated beverages was monitored using Turbiscan analysis. The Turbiscan stability indices after 4 weeks of storage followed the order: Tween 80 (1.70 ± 0.08) < gum arabic (4.83 ± 0.53) < sodium caseinate (6.20 ± 1.56). The protein emulsifier was more capable to control the oxidation process, and this was attributed to the excess amount of emulsifier present in the aqueous phase. This study provides useful insights into the formulation of flavour emulsions by the beverage industry.